Contemporary Arts - PHILARTS REVIEWER PDF

PHILARTS REVIEWER by pia ♡ CONTEMPORARY ARTS ★ Contemporary Art - Generally refers to art being created now. ★ Two main applications of the term “Contemporary Art” in the discourse of art. - The Chronolog...

PHILARTS REVIEWER by pia ♡ CONTEMPORARY ARTS ★ Contemporary Art - Generally refers to art being created now. ★ Two main applications of the term “Contemporary Art” in the discourse of art. - The Chronological view defines contemporary art as related to this current period in art history, and refers to art that is new, recent, modern, or pertains to the present moment. - This definition is considered vague since the definition of the present era and lifetime are relative. Old works of art were considered in their own time.​​The historical usage, regards contemporary art as a specific episode or stage in the story of the evolution of art, referring to a specific location in space and time. This view establishes a timeline in which works of art belong to a historical period.​ ★ Contemporary Art as a Breaking of Norms - Contemporary Art is renowned for its defiance of traditional norms and rules. It deviates from established standards set by institutions and traditions, opting to reassess and present established art forms freshly and innovatively. The essence of contemporary art lies in its novelty, radicalism, and interdisciplinary nature, setting itself apart from preceding artistic movements and emphasizing progress.​ ★ Appropriation - a prevalent practice in contemporary art, involves the amalgamation of pre-existing images or artworks with new elements to generate something entirely original. ★ Digitalization - Contemporary artists employ new technologies and materials to craft forms that challenge conventional perceptions of art's capabilities. While the pursuit of contemporary art revolves around pushing boundaries, it does not entail disregarding the past entirely. Artists may revive ancient techniques or materials, or even incorporate outdated images and ideas to forge novel artistic expressions.​ ★ Contemporary Art & Local Heritage - Contemporary art displays an acknowledgement of local heritage, which refers to the transferable and preservable aspects of a community's history and culture. This encompasses tangible elements such as physical artifacts and locations (such as old buildings, paintings, and public art, etc.) as well as intangible practices (like oral traditions, dance, and festivities) that are distinct PHILARTS pia♡ to a particular region or locality. These forms of heritage are passed down or conserved across generations. By mixing images of traditions and historical references with the present, regional heritage can find expression in new art forms. This juxtaposition creates an engaging conversation that encourages the exchange of ideas and influences between different cultural elements.​ ★ Contemporary Art as a Critique of Society - The expression of daily life and current issues is also conveyed through modern art, raising inquiries and criticisms about present-day society. The increasing pace of technology, the exchange of ideas, wealth, information, and culture across the world create the context for the overwhelming variety and swift changes in contemporary art, thus blurring many of the limitations and divisions within art itself, as well as the merging of different art forms. Locations for contemporary art are no longer restricted to the confines of traditional museums and galleries. Innovative exhibition spaces are created by repurposing public areas such as parks, marketplaces, or even abandoned buildings.​ ★ Functions of Contemporary Arts 1. Pleasure 2. Profession 3. Commentary 4. Spirituality 5. Remembrance 6. Persuasion 7. Self-Expression HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ARTS 1. TRADITIONAL ART - Synonymous with Indigenous, Folk & Native - Existed way before Colonizers have arrived - Animism is the usual theme - Practiced by a closely-knitted community 2. ISLAMIC ART - The term Islamic art not only describes the art created specifically in the service of the Muslim faith (for example, a mosque and its furnishings) but also characterizes the art and architecture historically produced in the lands ruled by Muslims, produced for Muslim patrons, or created by Muslim artists. The most salient of these is the predilection for all-over surface decoration. - The four basic components of Islamic ornament are: 1. Calligraphy PHILARTS pia♡ 2. Vegetal patterns 3. Geometric patterns 4. Figural representation. 3. SPANISH ART - Religious Icons - Altars - Plaza COmplex - Rondalla - Sarsuwela - Pasyon 4. AMERICAN ART - Neoclassical, Art Nouveau, & Art Deco in Architecture - Public Art - Romantic Style, Jazz, Blues Music - Vaudeville 5. JAPANESE ART - Censorhip of all media - Asia for Asians - Creation of Pro-Japanese FIlms - Promotion of using Tagalog over English - Ang Awit sa paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas > National Anthem - Katipunan flag shown briefly at the end of the play Tandang Sora by Dir. Lamberto Avellana. - Hukbalahap Movement’s Cultural Information Division utilized music. 6. 70s TO CONTEMPORARY - The Modernists - Commercial films under LVN, Premiere, and Sampaguita - Feminism - Modern as native - Art of Resistance - Manila Sound - EDSA and beyond ★ THE MODERNISTS - Founding of Art Association of the Philippine (1948) - Mabini Art Movement - Guillermo Tolentino’s Neo-Realist Sculptures - Abstract Art ★ The Role and Image of the Filipina - Anita Magsaysay-Ho, the only woman in the thirteen moderns - Purita Kalaw-Ledesma founded Art Association of the Philippines - Nena Saguil, the first FIlipina to exhibit her non-objective paintings in a solo exhibit in Paris (1957) PHILARTS pia♡ - KASIBULAN or Kababaihan sa Sining at Bagong Sibol na Kamalayan founded after EDSA1. ★ Art in the New Society - Pres. Marcos used Philippine Art and Culture to project the images of his Bagong Lipunan, to the nation and to the world as a human and world-class in modernity. - The buildings in the Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex were built to support and showcase “The true, the good, and the beautiful” ★ Manila Sound - In 1975, the Broadcast Media Council required radio stations to play at least one Filipino composition every hour. - Pinoy pop compositions were derived mainly from foreign models and remained Western in concept and styles. - Ang Himig Natin by Juan de la Cruz band is said to be the first Pinoy rock song. - Pinoy folk ballads and Pinoy Folk Rock - Pinoy Jazz Fusion in the 1970s - Ethnic pop in the 1980s ★ Social Realist Movement - Art should reflect the true conditions of the mass rural and urban workers - Theater, because of its live quality, proved to be the most viable medium of protest - Filmmakers articulates social suffering through the specific mediations of cinematic language, finding its vernacular, idiom, trope, and lyric in the post-colonial tropics - Modernism starting to lose its popular appeal by the 1980s - Postmodernism is exemplified by garish application of color, a return to ornament and traditional design elements, and eclectic mix-and-match of every conceivable details for a flashy effect. - Pito-pito movies, done in 7 days of shooting and 7 days of post-production - Collaboration of indigenous craftspeople and artists ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS AND NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES ★ THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTIST (ONA) [ORDEN NG PAMBANSANG ALAGAD NG SINING] - Highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals who have made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts.​ ★ The Order of National Artists aims to recognize: PHILARTS pia♡ - Filipino artists who have made significant contributions to the cultural heritage of the country;​ - Filipino artistic accomplishment at its highest level and to promote creative expression as significant to the development of a national cultural identity; and​ - Filipino artists who have dedicated their lives to their works to forge new paths and directions for future generations of Filipino artists. The order is jointly administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) and conferred by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both institutions.​ The ONA is one of the Honors conferred by the Republic of the Philippines that embodies the nation’s highest ideals in the humanities and aesthetic expression through the distinct achievements of individual citizens. While the Republic bestows due recognition to these singular achievements, it, in turn, honors its own cultural heritage, whose enrichment these achievements have significantly affected, enhanced, and given direction.​ ★ National Living Treasure or Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GaMaBa) - In April 1992, the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or the National Living Treasures Award was institutionalized through Republic Act No. 7355. Tasked with the administration and implementation of the Award is the National Commission for Culture and the Arts, the highest policy-making and coordinating body for culture and the arts of the State. ​​ - The NCCA, through the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Executive Council, conducts the search for the finest traditional artists of the land, adopts a program that will ensure the transfer of their skills to others, and undertakes measures to promote a genuine appreciation of and instill pride among our people about the genius of the Manlilikha ng Bayan.​ - As envisioned under R.A. 7355, “Manlilikha ng Bayan” shall mean a citizen engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino whose distinctive skills have reached such a high level of technical and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and widely practiced by the present generation in his/her community with the same degree of technical and artistic competence. ​ ★ How does one become an awardee? - Possess a mastery of tools and materials needed for the traditional, folk art and be a maker of works of extraordinary technical quality;​ - Have consistently produced works of superior quality over significant period;​ PHILARTS pia♡ - Have engaged in a traditional and folk art which has been in existence and documented for at least fifty (50) years;​ - Command respect and inspire admiration of the country with his character and integrity;​ - Must have transferred and/or willing to transfer to other members of the community the skills in the traditional and folk arts for which the community has become nationally known.​ - However, a candidate who, due to age or infirmity, has left him/her/them incapable of teaching further his/her/their craft, may still be recognized provided that he/she/they must possess the qualifications as enumerated above. KAPAMPANGAN ARTS AND CRAFTS In the late 19th and early 20th century, a design trend swept Europe and America called “Arts and Crafts”, a movement that promoted handcraftsmanship over industrial mass production. But long before that, Kapampangans have been creating all kinds of objects with their hands, with utilitarian and decorative functions, for their homes, work, leisure and religion.​​ 1. KURAN AT PASU (STO TOMAS) - Utilitarian and decorative clay vessels and containers were among the earliest crafted objects made by man. All sorts of earthenware—including the ubiquitous ‘kuran’ (round-bottom cooking pot)—have been produced in parts of Pampanga, as recorded by American Thomasite Luther Parker in the 1900s. - Sto. Tomas is the acknowledge pottery center of the province, with many major potters clustered along Quirino street. According to oldtimers, one pioneer potter was Apung Sindung Mercado who made “pilones”, clay jars used in the manufacture of molasses. From making traditional oya, tapayan, kuran, gusi, balanga and pilun , the potters also added ornamental pasu or masetas for growing garden plants and flowers, 2. PUKPUK (BETIS, APALIT) - The fine art of metalsmithing was known to pre-Hispanic people in our archipelago, blossoming in the the late 16th to the 19th century, when the Spanish missionaries arrived to introduce the idea of sacred art in which the Chinese excelled. To decorate the altar, Mexican silver coin were melted and fashioned into tabernacles, altar frontals and vessels, ramilletes (silver floral standees), carrozas, and more. - Betis artisans mastered the art, locally termed as ‘pukpuk’ (to hammer) as designs were created by chasing and using the repoussé method, in which designs are raised on a metal sheet by PHILARTS pia♡ pounding a pattern from the back using a sinsil (blunt chisel). This is achieved by working on the metal against a wooden block, on which designs have been incised. Artisans spread the art to Apalit which once had the largest number of ‘pukpuk’ shops. Names like the Ramirez Family, Edgardo Yutuc and Jeric Canlas continue this tradition to this day. 3. DUKIT (BETIS) - Betis is the town synonymous with quality carved woodcrafts (“dukit” -to carve) —from church and home furniture, decorative architectural pieces, to religious statuaries and relief sculptures. One of its ancient barrios—Sta. Ursula—was known as the premiere source of such carved masterpieces. A famous resident is Maestro Apung Juan Flores, who started as a santo carver an expanded into “muebles” and carved wooden furnishings. - He made the decorative wooden carvings of Malacanang Palace during the term of Marcos. Angeles, with its many Clark residents, was a major market of woodcarved products during the 50s thru the 80s. Modern-day mandudukit include the descendants of the Flores family, Willy Layug, Peter Garcia, Salvador Gatus, and the artisans of Betis Crafts of Myrna Bituin, who exports their prized furniture worldwide. 4. PARUL (SAN FERNANDO) - The lantern industry owes its popularity to San Fernando lantern maker pioneers who evolved the parul from the simple wooden and paper star lanterns for the “lubenas” (procession) to the giant kaleidoscopic lanterns that the world marvels at, every December’s Giant Lantern Festival. The advent of electricity gave rise to the invention of the rotor by Rodolfo David; which is used to give the lanterns their amazing play of colors. - Well-known parol makers include the Quiwas (led by Ernesto David Quiwa), Rolando Quiambao, Arnel Flores, and Jesus Maglalang. The Christmas capital of the Philippines has parul stores all over the city still selling traditional lanterns. The Dau Expressway exit is line with lantern stores, hawking paruls of all sorts—capiz,LED-lit, wire and plastic, and even “rope” lanterns. 5. BURARUL (ANGELES) - Kite-making, though not exactly an industry, requires a certain degree of artistic and technical skill. Believe to have originated in China, these paper and wood air craft are flown mainly for leisure and play—but they were said to be used also for measuring distances and for military communications. In Pampanga, they are called “burarul”, from the Spanish “volador”, one that flies. - The basic “karang-karang” is nothing more than a folded paper with thread. But the more elaborate kites come in box (“tukong”) or PHILARTS pia♡ diamond shapes (“sapin-sapin”). There are high-flyers (“gurion”) and competition fighter kites (“panyaklit”). - The most complicated ones are figural kites mastered by the professional kite-maker Eulogio Catalan of Angeles City. A former sepulturero,Mang Eloy won renown for his imaginative, award-winning kite creations. He made kites in the forms of birds, fishes, angels, saints and figures of our national heroes—all using wooden framework, paper and paint. His most elaborate was a ferris wheel kite with seated human figures, that actually turned when flown on a string. He also introduced the concept of folding kites. The art of kite making died with him, and today, just a handful in Pampanga know how to fashion homemade kites from “tingting” and papel de hapon. 6. DASE (CANDABA, SAN LUIS, SAN SIMON) - As early as the 18th century, dictioanarist Fray Diego Bergaño made mentioned of towns lining the Candaba Swamp that were known for weaving house mats or “dase”. Made from “ebus” (buri palm leaves). These included weaving families from San Luis and San Simon who are skilled in the art of “pamaglala”, or weaving, usually done communally, after the day’s work. - Mat weavers or”magdadase” wove fine mats of large, medium and small sizes—made for sleeping or for covering the bamboo floor. For variety, the leaves are dyed in different colors to produce mats with appealing patterns. 7. KUPIA (APALIT) - An allied product from the province’s weaving tradition are hats or “kupia”, an essential accessory for our tropical climate, where wearing a head protection from the scorching sun or sudden rains is mandatory.Before commercial hat shops were established in Pampanga, everday functional hats—"kupia"-- were made all over the province. - Apalit was once a hat center, and in Barrio Sucad, ‘kupyang ebus’ by the thousands were woven and commercially sold in town markets from as far as Tarlac, Baguio, Bataan, Zambales and Manila. But due to the scarcity of ‘ebus’ materials, production gradually slowed down in the 1920s. Pampanga shops that operated in the 1930s sold hats of all shapes, sizes and materials. In San Fernando, one could go to La Fernandina, Zapateria Moderna or to the Japanese bazaar of T. Tsuchibashi along Mercado St. and the Indian Bazaar of Battan Singh. "Sombreros del pais y del extranjero" (local and imported hats) could be bought in Macabebe at the Bazar L. Magat, while "El 96" in Angeles offered a few headwear selections. 8. SANTOS (BETIS, MACABEBE, BACOLOR, APALIT) PHILARTS pia♡ - Although Betis is the center of woodcarving in Pampanga, it is Macabebe town which is known as the home of santeros. A santero is a craftsman who uses wood, ivory, cement or fiber glass to produce an ecclesiastical art piece known as santo, in the image of Christ, Mary or a Saint. Before the war, fishing and farming were the only means of livelihood of the people of Macabebe. Santo making was then merely an expression of their ingenuity, and the products were mostly for personal use. - Pablo “Ambo” Bautista, a local businessman, is credited with promoting santo-making in the town by gathering local artists and putting them to work in atalyer he opened just for them. Sons Antonio (a painter) and Gener (a carver) further grew the business and improved the craft of santo making. This inspired other carvers to put up shops that soon proliferated along the whole stretch of the town’s main road. Others found their way in the other towns of Pampanga. U.P. Fine Arts graduate Maximiano Jingco also set up a pre-war religious statuary shop in Guagua. Second and third generation carvers continued the santotradition like Rolando and Boyet Flores (from the Flores family of Sta.Ursula), while a new breed of highly trained carvers came to fore—Nick Lugue (Apalit).Wilfredo Layug (Betis), Joseph Magcalas (Apalit) , Joed Miclat (San Luis) and the Viray brothers (Bacolor). 9. GITARA (GUAGUA) - Cebu may have a reputation as the Philippines’ guitar industry leader, but the more well-known guitar brands are made in Guagua, Pampanga. The “gitara” has its origins in Spain, and there’s a mention of a guitar-prototype in Byron Pabalan’s zarzuela “Ing Managpe”—a stringed instrument called “kalaskas”. - Another is the pre-Hispanic “kudyapi”, which, like the guitar, has a box and a fretboard. The pioneer guitar maker in Pampanga is a Matuang Bacani who managed to copy an old Spanish guitar. He passed on his techniques to his son-in-law, Angel Lumanogwho mastered the craft of guitar-making, opened a shop and started supplying Macabebe, Bacolor, and San Fernando stores. Son, his guitars were being sought after in Manila. Today, the Lumanog brand is a name synonymous to fine guitars. Apart from the Lumanogs, families like the Garcias, Dizons, Mallaris, Jucos and Manansalas engaged in the production guitars. 10. GAWANG PANDE (APALIT) - The first cannon maker of the country was a Kapampangan named Pande Pira, a smith who put up a foundery in Manila to make “lantakas” or cannons, and other artillery to protect the Intramuros and for use in Spanish galleons. Apalit takes pride in continuing this smithing tradition, and is the leading source of world-class steel PHILARTS pia♡ crafts in the province, such as bolo, machete, all types of knives and daggers, plus home and garden implements like rakes, hoes, spades, and other tools. - The steel products are made the old fashioned way by hammering sheets of metal , made malleable by superheating them, then shaped into blades for bolos, palang, knives, scythes, spears or any bladed implement. The industry gave Apalit town its nickname, “The Blacksmith Capital of Pampanga”. In Floridablanca, smiths produced aluminum crafts, using “aluminyu” that are heated and pounded into shape, using molds. FORMS, STYLES, AND PRACTICES ★ CATEGORIES OF ARTS 1. Fine Arts - Western category of refined objects to be among the supreme cultural achievement of the human civilization. - Heavily influenced by Greek, Roman, and Italian Renaissance art.4Expanded to film, photography, print, and most recently, installation, performance, video, and digital art. 2. Popular Arts - Product of popular culture which appeals to a broad mass audience​ - “pang-masa”, “bakya,” or “jologs”​ - May have characteristics of fine arts like highly creative, innovative, whimsical and expressive. 3. Crafts - Refers to specific media, including ceramic, glass, jewelry, weaving, and woodworking.​ - Often have a utilitarian purpose.​ - Also displays aesthetic and/or conceptual dimensions that go beyond mundane use.​ - Like the distinction between fine art and popular culture, the distinction between craft and art is culturally specific and ever changing.​ ★ Medium Based Classification 1. Visual Arts 2. Architecture 3. Music 4. Dance 5. Theater 6. Photography 7. Cinema 8. Broadcast and Televisual PHILARTS pia♡ 9. Digital Arts and Computer Mediated Works 10. Installation. ★ Contemporary Art in the Information Age - Contemporary art and its modes of production were a product of a profound social change that happened in the 20th century triggered by developments in communication technology and the emergence of radio, television, and the internet. This social transition, known as the “postmodern shift,” was ignited by a historical passage from the Industrial Age to the Information Age.​ AI (Artificial Intelligence) Art - any form of digital art created or enhanced with AI tools. Though commonly associated with visual art -- images and video, for example -- the term AI art also applies to audio compositions, including music.​ - AI art challenges the millennia-old requirement of humans as the sole creators of art. Its introduction raises questions about the genesis of creativity and carries ethical and legal concerns. It’s also an opportunity to extend the boundaries of art and creativity in many ways.​ NFT (Non-Fungible Token) artwork - digital art that can’t be duplicated. It’s a digital asset that the buyer owns and can sell or trade. NFT artwork is a new way of selling digital art without building an extensive social network. It’s sold in NFT marketplaces, reducing the obstacles of self-promotion. ​ ★ Hybrid from of Art - The blurring of distinct traditional boundaries such as painting, sculpture, film, performance, architecture, and dance. ★ Classification of Philippine Art - The rich and diverse forms of Filipino creative expressions can be classified in myriad of ways. The following matrices presents the Philippine Arts in terms of historical development, stylistic variety, cultural manifestation, and thematic overview.​ PHILARTS pia♡ PHILARTS pia♡ MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUE ★ Medium - The medium is the substance that is manipulated. The ‘Medium’ in Art can be understood as ‘raw material’, as explained in the Encyclopedia Britannica, “creation is the re-formation of these pre-existing materials”. The ‘medium’ is the material with which the artwork is made – the essential tool necessary for artistic creation. ★ Technique - The skillful manipulation of the medium. The manner and ability with which an artist, writer, dancer, athlete, or the like employs the technical skills of a particular art or field of endeavor PHILARTS pia♡ ★ Pottery - Pottery is the oldest art form in visual arts, due to the fact that is a medium, earth, is abundant. ★ Sculpture - Sculpture is the art of making three-dimensional forms. The three basic methods of creating a sculpture includes 1. Modelling or addition in the use of clay 2. Substraction in carving of hard materials like stone or wood 3. Construction by assembling parts by adhesion or welding ★ Weaving - Weaving is a general method of producing a surface or an object by entwining a strip or strand that is longitudinal called warp with a horizontal one called weft at right angles or at an obliquely perpendicular direction. Related methods are knitting, braiding, and plaiting, which affect the texture and quality of the object being formed. ★ Paper Craft - Paper craft is the broad term for making objects out of paper. A lot of styles and practices fit under this general category. ★ Ornament and Decorative Art - An ornament is a pattern or motif used to decorate a main object, parts of a building, a person, or a general environment. ★ Upcycling - Using discarded objects such as bottle caps, corrugated boxes, tarpaulin and rubber tires for art pieces. ★ Personal Ornaments - Objects worn by a person to enhance appearance and signify status ★ Conceptual Art - Philosophical form of fine arts referring to creation where an idea or process is more important than a finished object made by hand. It originated as a questioning of the nature of art and a protest against the commodification of fine arts. Samples of Conceptual Art includes Found Objects, Multimedia Art, Performance Art & Installation Art. ★ Found Objects - Machine-produced articles for daily use that are transformed simply by removing it from its original context to signify a different message. ★ Performance Art - An antithesis to theater, Performance Art is an outgrowth of conceptual art where the dimensions are time and space, and the materials are the performer’s body and its interaction with an audience. PHILARTS pia♡ ★ Installation Art - Visual art form often a specific to a three-dimensional site. It may be temporary or permanent. Everyday and natural materials are often chosen and incorporated with new media. ★ CAMERA ARTS AND PHOTOGRAPHY AND CINEMA ALTERNATIVE FILTERS - Filters can be much more than neutral density or polarizing filters. Anything in front of the lens is a filter. BOKEH - Achieve pleasing out-of-focus areas by using a wide aperture (small f-stop number), creating beautiful background blur that makes your subject stand out. DOUBLE EXPOSURE - Layering two images. Layer a landscape over a close-up of an animal or flower. Layer a cityscape over a portrait. Double exposures can add texture to a picture or add to the story. FORCED PERSPECTIVE - A fun, visual play on depth perception. When composing a forced perspective image, make sure your main subject is either larger or smaller than everything else. This involves experimenting with interesting angles, and positions for your subjects. PROJECTED IMAGE - Projecting light, shapes, and colors onto a surface is a way of adding dimension to an image. The surface can be anything: a backdrop, an object or even a person. SILHOUETTES - Shoot against a bright background or light source to capture the outline of your subject, creating dramatic and striking images. ZOOM BURST - While using a slow shutter speed, zoom in or out during the exposure to create a radial blur effect. ★ TECHNIQUES OF FILMMAKING 1. Narrative - Refers to the types of movies that tell a story which is directed towards fiction and dramatic story-telling. 2. Documentary - Unlike narrative cinema which tells stories that are often a fabrications of someone’s imagination, documentary filmmaking is more concerned with exposing and interpreting real facts and historical events for the education of viewers, or the presentation of political or social analyses, and even propaganda. PHILARTS pia♡ 3. Experimental - Most difficult to define. Avant-garde, rare and unpopular Filmmakers in this genre actively try new and different ideas. ★ PERFORMING ARTS: Dance, Music, Theater ★ Dance - Kinetic Art form that uses the body, space, and formation in order to express a message or produce an aesthetic condition. Dances can be classified into the following: BALLET MODERN SOCIAL DANCES FOLK AND INDIGENOUS ★ Music - intangible art form that is expressed through sound. Its main media are separated into two categories, namely vocal and instrumental media. Music in the Philippines comes from two major cultural sources, Western and Indigenous Asian traditions. ★ Music Genre & Techniques Classical Semi-Classical ○ Rondalla ○ Sarsuwela ○ Band Music Popular Music ○ Jazz ○ Rock and Roll ○ Rock Operas ○ OPM ○ Folk Ballad ○ Fusion Folk and Indigenous Music ○ Vocal Pasyon Dal-Lot Og-gayam Ambahan ○ Instrumental Kulintang Gangsa Kudyapi ★ Theater - Medium of art, regardless of performance technique and genre, must possess certain elements, namely, the audience, performers, text or script, director, theater space and design elements. PHILARTS pia♡