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PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 of art UNIT 1 A. INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY ART THREE MAJOR TRADITIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT...

PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 of art UNIT 1 A. INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY ART THREE MAJOR TRADITIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE ART B. ELEMENTS OF ART Ethnic Tradition C. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN/ART ★ Art forms are primarily influenced by geographical location and the D. METHODS OF PRESENTING ART experiences of the Filipinos ★ The purpose of arts is integral to life E. INTEGRATIVE ART IN MODERN TIMES Spanish Colonial Tradition ★ Art forms were primarily influenced by INTRODUCTION TO CONTEMPORARY ART religion and secularization ★ Spaniards used arts to propagate the Catholic Faith WHAT IS ART? American Colonial and Contemporary Arts Derived from the Latin word ars meaning ability or Traditions skill ○ Modern Art Deals with creativity that seeks to communicate ★ Refers to the practice of art beauty specially derived through the senses from 1860s to 1960s ★ Main theme of art works in this ★ Defined as a human activity that involves the time is national identity creation of visual, auditory, or performed artifacts known as artworks ○ Contemporary Arts ★ May also be defined as a way of life ★ Refers to the practice art from ★ Can also be defined through its nature and 1970s to the present characteristics ★ Mirrors contemporary culture and society NATURE OF ART INTEGRATIVE ART Mimesis Integrative ★ taken from the Greek word mimesis, A process that aims to mix, incorporate, which means to imitate combine, construct, join together or put ★ The representation of nature and all together various types of knowledge, skills, art that has been undergone a form of and understanding, and making the products imitation or results of integration visible or seen Expression ★ Serves as vehicle for conveying CONTEMPORARY ART feelings and emotions ★ An expression of feelings and ★ Derived from the Latin prefix con which means experiences that allows the audience together or with plus tempus, which means to share the same thoughts and time feelings felt by the artist ★ Refers to art being created now ★ An intuition that may only arise with ★ Innovative and avant-garde intense feelings ★ Exploration of the meaning of the imagery and conditions of the present Man-made objects, ready-made and found objects ★ Emphasis of experimentation ★ A concept of taking in pre-existing objects and elevating them to the level 1 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 CONTEMPORARY ART IN THE PHILIPPINES ★ Art existed from 1880 to 1970 ★ Industrial revolution ★ Art focuses on the expression of one’s Emerged in reaction to social and cultural individuality and presenting art independently realities during the 1970s without regard to the subject Art became a means to oppose the regime, and the political art of social flourished Social Realism is an art movement which THEMES OF CONTEMPORARY ART sought to expose the real condition of Culture Philippine society and used art to transform it Human rights Political issues Contemporary Art in the Philippines emerged due Economy to three factors Conflicts affecting the world 1. The return of democracy under the Aquino government ELEMENTS OF CONTEMPORARY ART 2. The improved economic and political environment in the country, particularly in the Appropriation regions Relates to the modifications made by the artist 3. The advent of new technologies and free access to media Hybridity Refers in the use of different art mediums that are put together VISUAL PERFORM APPLIED LITERARY Pop Art Music Video Art Illustrated Performance Novel Carried out for viewers to experience Word Art Theater Photography Digi-Fiction Conceptual Dance Computer Graphic Technology Highlights the creativity of the artist Novels Installation Film and Manga Space Broadcasting Intricate use of space or place during Contemporary Architecture, Doodle performance or art production Realism Design, and Fiction Allied Materials Photorealism Text-Talk Media or tools used and applied by artist in the Novels art production Graffiti Art Chick Lit Meaning Flash Fiction The story the art wanted to convey to the Hyper Poetry audience Blog ○ Representational Art ○ Non-representational Art Context CONTEMPORARY ART V. MODERN ART Refers to all the elements and things that influence in the process of creating the artwork Contemporary Art Art runs from 1970 to present Postmodern CHOREOGRAPHY Address both current events and historical ideas Art that considered the process as more Uses the body as a medium to express ideas important than the outcome or end result Defined as dance writing, the art of designing sequences of movements of physical bodies Modern Art Shadow Play 2 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 Uses the art of choreography to translate ❖ Connote calmness/dynamism movements into theatrical performances Theatrical entertainment using shadows thrown by puppets or actors onto a lighted COLOR screen Weaving Most appealing element A contemporary art form that combines the Property of light artisanship of local artists and the creation of Colors are absorbed by a material and what is an original product reflected is the color we see Creates a mood or tone Can have different meanings, depending on ELEMENTS OF ART one’s culture Basic and fundamental to many forms of art Building blocks Raw materials or tools ATTRIBUTES OF COLOR 1. Hue Name of color in its true form LINE Primary Colors ★ The starting point of every Series of points moving in a certain direction color The path of a moving point through space An implied path suggesting Secondary Colors ★ Colors created from mixing ★ Direction - vertical, horizontal, primary colors diagonal ★ Character - jagged, curved, series of Tertiary Colors dots or broken lines ★ Secondary colors + Primary colors A continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point (Mittler, 2006) 2. Value Lead a viewer’s eye around composition and Relative lightness/darkness of a color convey or communicate messages through Defines form and creates spatial their perceptible qualities illusions In theater, a line may refer to the script of an Obtained by adding black or white actor In dance, it is the series of steps that a dancer Tint makes ★ High-value color ★ Add white 1. Straight Lines ❖ Associated with energy, firmness, Shade strength, and vitality ★ Low-value color ❖ Connotes rigidity or stability ★ Add black ❖ Vertical ➔ Most powerful line 3. Intensity ➔ Associated with strength, Brightness or darkness of a color height, integrity, solidity, Saturation dominance, power ❖ Horizontal Bright ➔ Associated with peace, ★ High intensity serenity, and calmness ❖ Diagonal and Zigzag Dull ➔ Suggest dynamism and life ★ Low intensity 2. Curved Lines ❖ Suggest grace and softness PSYCHOLOGY OF COLOR ❖ Express fluid movement 3 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 1. Warm Connotes purity, cleanliness, and innocence Red, yellow, orange Western countries: worn by brides Brighter, lighter, nearer Western movies: worn by good guys Causes body temperature to rise Eastern countries: for mourning and funerals Makes a person feel hot and agitated Some culture: the color of royalty and worn by deities 2. Cool Black Blue, green, violet Represents mystery, secrecy, doom, and evil Somber, relaxing, farther Western countries: for mourning and funerals Lowers respiration rate Fashion: visually slimming Makes a person feel calm Youth: rebellion WHAT COLOR SIGNIFIES TEXTURE Red Closely related to the sense of touch Most emotionally intense color Surface quality: how something feels or looks Attracts attention like it feels The color of love ○ Real/Actual ○ Implied/Suggested/Visual Yellow Connotes happiness and joy Impasto Symbolizes cowardice Thick application of a pigment to a canvas or Influences people to lose temper and babies to panel cry Application of thick paint to create a lot of Most difficult color for the eye to take in actual texture Enhance memory José Joya Blue Filipino painter Symbolizes peace, calmness, and loyalty Used bold and vibrant colors with a variety of Causes people to be productive techniques, layering, loose impasto strokes, Connotes coldness and depression and controlled drips Indigo Royal blue Symbolizes power, importance, wealth SHAPE Biblical connotation: heavenly grace Area enclosed by a line Orange ○ Triangle Vibrant ○ Circle Denotes energy and warmth ○ Square Less intense or aggressive than red ➔ Create movement Stimulant (for emotions and appetite) ➔ Lead the eye from one design element to the next Green ➔ Are considered flat or two-dimensional Easiest color on the eyes Free-form shapes Improves vision ○ Irregular and uneven shapes Calming and refreshing ○ Organic (silhouettes of living things, Connotes freshness and newness such as animals, trees, people, etc.( Masculinity, conservativeness, wealth (dark green) Fertility (middle age) FORM Violet Three dimensional Associated with royalty and spirituality Length x width x height Gives depth to shapes and visual weight White Depth 4 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 ○ Artists can make some parts of a flat Balance image look or appear Visual weights on both sides are exactly alike three-dimensional (elements used) Asymmetrical Balance/Informal Balance SPACE Objects of unequal weights or attraction are placed at correct distances from the center The element of art that is concerned with how Radial Balance an artwork depicts depth Elements arranged from a central point or It is how artists make a two-dimensional radiate from the center or swirl around a surface look three-dimensional circular or spiral path Can give the illusion of objects in an artwork being close, far away, or overlapping one another PROPORTION Distance or area between, around, above, or within things (Mittler, 2006) The relative size/amount of something in Can be referred to as an interval or pause relation to the other objects in the design ○ In literature, it is the pause between words, wherein in music, it is the Out of Proportion interval between notes Lacking the correct or appropriate relationship with the size, shape, or position of (some other Positive Space part of the same thing) Area occupied by the subject HARMONY Negative Space Area not covered by the subject Pleasing relationships exist among the various elements Horror Vacui Elements complement each other Kenophobia Way of combining similar elements in an Fear of the empty artwork to accent their similarities (Mittler, Filling up every surface of an artwork with 2006) detail It is achieved through the use of repetition, for example, of certain colors, values, lines, and shapes Brings about unity PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN/ART RHYTHM The beliefs on how to work with and arrange the different elements of the arts Beat expressed in repetition of lines, colors, The HOW of art designs and shapes; gradual increasing/decreasing of size, direction, color BALANCE Allows the eyes to move around Created by the careful placement of repeated The visual weight of lines, forms, textures, or elements in a work of art to cause a visual colors tempo or beat (Mittler, 2006) Even distribution of weight Principles that deal with equality EMPHASIS The feeling of equality in weight, attention, or attraction of the various elements (Ortiz et. al. Creating a focal point, center of attention, or a 1978) point of interest Way of combining elements to add a feeling of Is a way of combining elements to stress the equilibrium or stability to a work of art (Mittler, differences between those elements (Mittler, 2006) 2006) Symmetrical Balance/Formal Balance/Bilateral METHODS OF PRESENTING ART 5 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 Method used by the artist when he WHAT IS A SUBJECT IN ART? intentionally lengthens or elongates the figure of his subject to achieve a desired effect Shows a subject or part of a subject as A term used for whatever is represented in art irregularity proportional to other parts of the Could be a person, thing, event, or situation subject shown by the artist It answers the question “What is the work about?” MANGLING REALISM Achieves the effect by cutting, shopping, mutilating, lacerating, or hacking the image The way of presenting subject the way it looks in everyday life, as seen in the naked eye ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM Sometimes disturbing or offending for if something looks or sounds gross or shocking, Movement of painting that began in New York it is depicted as such City that tried to declare its independence from Portrays objective truth about people, life or European styles situations, whether good or bad, pleasant or Forms are usually not found in the natural harsh, ugly or beautiful world Actual portrayal of actual life in natural settings Emphasized freedom of emotional expression, Avoids the use of exaggerated heroes in favor technique, and execution of ordinary people SYMBOLISM ABSTRACTION The artist’s way of presenting his idea or Way of moving away from reality or separating feeling using a representation of sign to stand oneself from the objective truth for something other than itself Opposite of realism The artist does not present his subject the way DADAISM it is found in the actual setting Is subjective, highly personal, opinionated, and Short-lived art movement that began in extra-challenging for it constantly asks the Switzerland in 1916 viewer to discover its meaning Got its name from the French word dada, which means hobby horse Strove to have no meaning—interpretation of DISTORTION dada is dependent entirely on the viewer Ignores aesthetics and intends to offend man’s The artist bends, twists, or misshapes the sensibilities image to achieve an unnatural deviation of Sought to ruin art for a world which did not shape or position of any part of the subject’s deserve it body producing visible deformity SURREALISM CUBISM Tries to reveal a new and higher reality than The artist uses geometric shapes to represent that of daily life his subjects Claim to create a magical world more beautiful Presented as a series of cubes, cones, or than the real one through art spherical shapes which can be seen from Came from the slang term super realism different angles or viewpoints all together at Artists painted unnerving, unreasonable the same time scenes, created strange creatures from everyday objects and developed painting ELONGATION techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself 6 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 FUTURISM Students who are able to communicate ideas, values, and new knowledge effectively are likely to produce quality outputs An avant-garde movement founded in Milan in 1909 by the Italian Poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti CREATIVITY Aims to capture the speed and force of modern industrial society and to glorify the The heart of art works mechanical energy of modern life Drives and motivates people to create or Concern with events and trends of the future produce something or which anticipate the future EXPRESSIONISM FUNCTIONS OF ART Art that expresses intense emotion Art for Pleasure The artists’ work is an expression of his inner One’s existence is manifested in the varied experience rather than solely realistic portrayal experiences a person undertakes An artistic style in which the artist attempts to One may find joy, enjoyment, delight in depict not objective reality but rather the appreciating and creating an art form subjective emotions and responses that People take pleasure in special occasions and objects and events arouse in him utilize decorative arts to elevate their level of pleasure INTEGRATIVE ART IN MODERN TIMES Art for Profession Are ways to convey the feelings of artists in photography, digital arts, painting, crafts, etc. THE BENEFIT OF LEARNING THROUGH THE ARTS These ways of conveying feelings have been elevated into professionalizing art and have Critical Thinking become sources of income for artists Collaboration Communication Art for Creative Industries Creativity Industries create and produce materials necessary for their operation CRITICAL THINKING The creativity of the creators is shown as they combine or integrate the skills necessary for Students need to observe, reflect, explore, the production and commercialization of envision, and develop crafts to demonstrate industrial products understanding of learning Skills needed for mathematics and science are Art for Information just as important for the arts Has been used to satisfy the desire of people for information Editorial cartoonists and illustrators of comic COLLABORATION strips convey information through visual representation of ideas To cooperate or to act as a team To look for someone to provide and affirm Art for Spirituality ideas Sacred rituals, ceremonies, and materials that Collaboration as a skill can be used when represent spiritual symbolisms are ways conceptualizing visual designs, creating contemporary art can function to express one’s audiovisual presentations, or writing a script spiritual beliefs for an animation COMMUNICATION Art as History Buildings, public monuments, and films are art Is important when working hand in hand with forms that exhibit things of the past another person They allow people to commemorate events 7 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 and cherish events that people hold dear in DIFFERENT REGIONS their hearts PHILIPPINE CONTEMPORARY ARTS ARTS AS INTEGRATED IN VARIOUS DISCIPLINES Visual Art Art and Medicine Artworks are created primarily for visual Expressive therapies are called “integrative” perception when various arts are purposively combined Two Dimensional treatment like sandplay therapy and ○ Refers to any artwork depicted on a bibliotherapy flat surface, typically paintings, sketches, mixed media, graphic arts, Art and Sports photographs, or points The glamor of this kind of dance is seen Three Dimensional through the costumes worn by the dancers, as ○ Refers to work that has volume and well as the choreography that adds to the mass, such as sculpture, jewelry, aesthetic value of dance sports furniture, monument, assemblage, and Integrative arts has evolved from an avenue fashion design for expressive ideas to become integral to The contemporary visual arts are closely promoting quality of life for an individual associated with what was known as the Thirteen Moderns, a loose grouping of artists Art and the Environment who started the modern era of arts in the Gives identity to the physical environment of a Philippines country just as the identity of a country is seen in its art Hernando R. Ocampo His canvases recalled the verdant Philippine Art and Religion landscape, its flora and wildlife, under the sun Has been a tool to colonize us and rain, with the use of vibrant and striking Philippine mythological creatures are depicted hues in modern media He played a crucial role in maintaining the Philippine Art Gallery, the nation’s first Art and Culture Art represents heritage more intentionally as Vicente Manansala evidently Filipino where in choice of images, Another national artist and pioneer in color palette subject, and theme is unique to contemporary arts and also one of the our culture Thirteen Moderns Art and Technology National Commision on Culture and the Arts Technology is both a tool for creating artwork Committee on Visual Arts (NCCA-CVA) and a means to deliver art to an audience One of the most important platforms for the development of modern arts in the Philippines Art and Politics In Western Visayas, artists such as Martin Art can be both catalyst for change as well as Genodepa and Nelfa Querubin Tompkins a means of expression of one’s political are just but a few of those who benefited from convictions the development of the NCCACVA Art and Economics Art can provide an insight on wide range of THE THIRTEEN MODERNS lifestyles and economic backgrounds Galo B. Ocampo Art and History Carlos V. Francisco (National Artist, 1973) Art illustrates significant moments of Vicente Manansala (National Artist, 1981) generation and nation Hernando R. Ocampo (National Artist, 1991) Cesar Legaspi (National Artist, 1990) Demetrio Diego CLASSIFICATION OF DIFFERENT ART FORMS FROM 8 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 Diosdado Lorenzo POETS TRAINED IN AMERICAN WORKSHOPS Jose Pardo Ricarte Purugganan Edith L. Tiempo Bonifacio Cristobal Ophelia A. Dimalanta Arsenio Capili Gemino Abad Anita Magsaysay-Ho Emmanuel Torres Victrio Edades OTHER CONTEMPORARY POETS IN ENGLISH Literature Post-World War II poetry and fiction were Marjorie Evasco dominated by English-writing authors educated and trained in American or British Merlie Alunan writing workshops Ricardo de Ungaria Ginto Sa Makiling Luisa Aguilar Igloria ○ A novel by Macario Pineda that was Two Types of Creative Writing Centers Emerged published in 1946 The first one, in academic institutions where ○ The first notable work to appear after Creative Writing is part of curricular offerings, literature World War II students were able to be under the tutelage of elder Without Seeing the Dawn (1947) and Watch creative writers/critics/professors in the Night The second group is composed of writers’ ○ Written by Stevan Javellana and organizations that periodically sponsored and Edilberto Tiempo organized training workshops on writing for their ○ Dealt with the experience of war members and other interested parties Luha ng Buwaya (1963) ○ Poet and social activist Amado Some of these organizations are: Hernandez also wrote novels UMPIL (Unyon ng mga Manunulat na Pilipino) advocating for social change PANULAT (Pambansang Unyon ng mga ○ This novel explores the conflict Manunulat) between social classes Panday Lipi At around the mid-1960s to the early 80s, as GAT (Galian sa Arte at Tula) repression and the ills of martial law were KATHA LIRA (Linangan sa Imahen, Retorika confronted, the protest expressions of Rizal, at Anyo) Bonifacio, and Amado Hernandez found their GUMIL (gunglo Dagiti Mannurat ng Ilokano) way into the works of Tagalog poets of the LUDABI (Lubas sa Dagang Binisaya) time P.E.N. Ricaredo Demetillo ○ The first to establish a connection with THE EDSA REVOLUTION HAS ALSO USHERED IN the oral tradition ○ Barter in Panay, an award-winning THESE HISTORICAL LANDMARKS IN THE epic based on the Ilonggo epic LITERATRURE OF WEST VISAYAS Maragtas, was the result ○ The emergence of Kinaray-a writing The emergence of Aklanon writing AMONG THESE FREEDOM WRITERS The emergence of writing in Filipino, which is Visayan-based Lambert Antonio The ferment of campus writing in these Epifanio San Juan languages Lilia Quindoza The emergence of multilingual writing in the Jesus Manuel Santiago region Rogelio Mangahas Jose Lacaba Music Philippine contemporary music typically refers to compositions that have adopted concepts 9 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 and elements from 20th-century Western art She has danced and roamed around the music and the most recent trends and musical Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) for 20 styles in the entertainment industry years, collaborating with the biggest names in Sound and silence organized based on time the industry to produce a diverse repertoire of Elements include pitch (melody and harmony), highly acclaimed works rhythm (tempo, meter, and articulation), Ranging from classics such as Cinderella, dynamics (loudness and softness), and the Romeo and Juliet, to modern Filipiniana sonic qualities of timbre and texture (color of a pieces such as Amada, Itil-Asu, Bayanihan musical sound) Remembered, Mga Babae, and Rama Hari Music can be folk, indigenous, classical, popular, or independent Theater Collaborative form of art that uses live Music in the 1970s and the 1980s performers to present something about the Corita, New Society, Hever Bartolome, and human condition or an experience of a real or APO Hiking Society were the most influential imagined event before a live audience in a musicians of this era specific place In this era, two prominent artists reached their Performers can use gesture, acting, speech, zenith, revolutionizing the Philippine music song, music, and dance industry with their respective masterworks Can be in the form of street or protest theater, ○ Joey “Pepe” Smith and Freddie school plays, ritual performances, sarsuela, Aguilar wrote the songs Ang Himig puppetry, or stand-up comedy Natin and Bayan Ko, which dominated Theater directors and spectators in the the airwaves during the People Power Philippines were introduced to a new world era when Alberto S. Florentino (b. 1931) staged plays such as The World is an Apple (1954), Music in the 1990s Cavort with Angels (1959), Cadaver (1954), The 1990s gave birth to a new musical genre: and Oli Impan (1954) Philippine hip-hop Francis Magalona established the standard Lamberto Avellana and Daisy Avellana for his genre with songs like Mga Kababayan Founded the Barangay Theatre Guild and Ko helped pave the way for what is now known as Eraserheads, Rivermaya, and Parokya ni Philippine modern theater Edgar are regarded as the most popular and Stage and television performances of MAcbeth successful rock bands in the Philippines in Black were part of the group’s repertoire, as were readings of plays such as Nick Dance Joaquin’s A Portrait of the Artist as Filipino consists of purposely selected sequences of (1951) and its following film adaptation (1966) human movement Can be categorized and described by its The Bodabil choreography, its repertoire of movements, or Among the Philippines’ earliest forms of its historical period or place of origin contemporary theater Includes ballet, folk, indigenous, street, The term derives from the vaudeville, which modern, hip-hop, or popular was the first significant influence visible to the In the 1950s and 1960s, contemporary dance world emerged in the Philippines. Following World The Bodabils include song-and-dance War II, there was an explosion of creativity numbers, magic and musical acts, skits and among Filipinos stand-up comedy, chorus girls, and comedians Folk dance troupes were founded at Far Eastern University, Philippine Normal Film University (Barangay Folk Dance Troupe), and Aesthetic communication through the design Philippine Women’s University, which were of time and three-dimensional space into pioneers in establishing Philippine two-dimensional images with sound (film and contemporary dance video) A sequence of still photographs shot in rapid Alicia Reyes succession on a strip of film 10 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 Contemporary film or cinema in the Philippines can be divided into three Architecture periods: Refers to man-made environments created as ○ The First Golden Age (1950s) a space for human habitation and as a setting ○ The Second Golden Age (1970s to for rituals early 1980s) Strives to create the ideal environment for any ○ The Third Golden Age (2000s to the human activity present) Called as designed environment The decade of the 1950s was often referred to Modify spaces to become meaningful and as one of the reconstruction and expansion memorable places to inhabit Lamberto Avellana’s film Anak Dalita, set in Cultural Center of the Philippines houses INtramuros in 1956, is an example of this stark the National Theatre (Tanghalang Pambansa) tragedy of post-WWII survival ○ One of the best examples of National Sampaguita Pictures and LVN, two of the Theatre pre-war studios, re-established themselves ○ Designed by Leandro V. Locsin ○ Was built from 1966 to 1969 THE PREMIER DIRECTORS OF THE ERA WERE (BUT ○ The nipa hut was an inspiration for the CCP’s design NOT LIMITED TO) Iloilo Convention Center (ICC or ICon) is another notable building for its architectural Lamberto Avellana (1915-1991) style Gerardo de Leon (1913-1981) ○ One of the Philippines’ most modern Gregorio Fernández z Cesar Gallardo conference centers Armano Garces ○ Located in Mandurriao Business Park in Iloilo City, Philippines Eddie Romero (1924-2013) ○ William Coscolluela, and Ilonggo Cirio Santiago (1936-2008) architect, created the state-of-the-art convention facility As a result, the business remained ○ Iloilo’s Dinagyang and Paraw Regatta monopolized by the Big Four (Sampaguita, events inspired the design LVN, Premier, and Lebran), each with its own roster of actors, technicians, and directors Timbu Mata (1948) and Damgo ni Adan UNIT 2 (Adam’s Dream) were made by LapuLapu F. CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Pictures in the Visayas following the second World War, which resurrected the productions of Visayan films G. NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES Gil Portes released his debut film, Mga Munting Tinig (Small Voices), in 2002 H. The film Duda (Doubt) shows what can be accomplished when a person is driven by a vision for a film Jeffrey Jeturian, Aureus Solito, and Brillante CONTEMPORARY ARTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Mendoza (who made the 2007 Filipino adaptation of Danish Dogme 95 and Italian Filipino Artist Cinema virete), Tirador (Slingshot), and other Filipino citizen who has been given the rank notable filmmakers. and title in recognition of his or her significant Another important filmmaker is Lav Diaz, contributions to the development of Philippine whose experimental Tagalog films are long arts and letters epics depicting Filipino life, some of which clock at more than ten hours and frequently Order of National Artist (Orden ng Pambansang challenge the patience of the audience Alagad ng Sining) In 2016, the 3 hour film Ang Babaeng The highest national recognition given to a Humayo (featuring Charo Santos) received Filipino who has made significant contributions the Golden Lion Award at Venice, Italy’s to the development of Philippine arts International Film Festival Jointly administered by the National 11 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 Commission for Culture and Arts (NCCA) expression as significant to the development and the Cultural Center of the Philippines of a national cultural identity (CCP) and conferred by the President of the 3. The Filipino artists who have dedicated their Philippines upon recommendation by both lives to their works to forge new paths and institues directions for future generations of Filipino ○ Music artists ○ Dance ○ Theater ○ Visual Arts CRITERIA FOR SELECTION ○ Literature ○ Film 1. Living artists who were natural-born Filipino ○ Broadcast Arts citizens at the time of nomination, as well as ○ Architecture those who died after the establishment of the ○ Allied Arts award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the This honorific title was made possible through time of their death. Proclamation No. 1001, dated April 27, 1972 2. Artists who, through their content and form of by then President Ferdinand E. Marcos their works, have contributed to building a Filipino sense of nationhood 3. Artists who have pioneered in a mode of THE PERSON WHO RECEIVES THIS TITLE GETS THE creative expression or style, thus, earning FOLLOWING HONORS AND PRIVILEGES distinction and making an impact on succeeding generations of artists 1. Rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed 4. Artists who have created a substantial and by the President of the Philippines significant body of works and/or consistently 2. Insignia of a National Artist and citation displayed excellence in the practice of their art 3. Lifetime emolument and material and physical form thus enriching artistic expression or style benefits comparable in value to those received 5. Artists who enjoy broad acceptance through: by the highest officers of the land, such as: a. Prestigious national and/or a. Cash award of One Hundred international recognition, such as the Thousand Pesos (P100,000) net of Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP taxes for living awardees Thirteen Artists Award, and NCCA b. A cash award of Seventy Five Alab ng Haraya Thousand Pesos (P75,000) net of b. Critical acclaim and/or reviews of their taxes for posthumous awardees, works payable to legal heir/s c. Respect and esteem from peers c. Monthly life pension, medical and hospitalization benefits The National Artist Award Secretariat shall d. Life insurance coverage for Awardees announce the opening of nominations through who are still insurable media releases and letters to qualified e. State funeral and burial at the Libingan organizations ng mga Bayani f. A place of honor, in line with protocular Candidates may be nominated under one or more precedence, at national state of the following categories: functions, and recognition at cultural Dance events ○ Choreography ○ Direction ○ Performance THE ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTISTS AIMS TO Music RECOGNIZE ○ Composition ○ Direction 1. The Filipino artists who have made significant ○ Performance contributions to the cultural heritage of the Theater country ○ Direction 2. The filipino artistic accomplishment at its ○ Performance highest level and to promote creative ○ Production design 12 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 Visual Arts ○ Painting ○ Sculpture ○ Printmaking ○ Photography ○ Installation art ○ Mixed media works ○ Illustration ○ Graphics art ○ Performance art ○ Imaging Literature ○ Poetry ○ Function ○ Essay The insignia of the Order of the National ○ Playwriting Artists is formed from a Grand Collar featuring circular ○ Journalism links depicting the arts and an eight-pointed sunburst ○ Literary criticism suspended from a sampaguita wreath in green and Film and Broadcast Arts white enamel, ○ Direction The center of the badge is divided into three ○ Writing equal portions, in red, white, and blue representing the ○ Production design Philippine Flag with three stylized letter K’s that stands ○ Cinematography for the CCP’s motto, “Katotohanan, Kabutihan, at ○ Editing Kagandahan” (The true, the good, and the beautiful) ○ Camera work ○ Performance Architecture, Design, and Allied Arts ○ Architecture design NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LANDSCAPE ○ Interior design ARCHITECTURE ○ Industrial arts design ○ Landscape architecture Ildefonso P. Santos Jr. (2006) ○ Fashion design Popularly known as IP Santos introduced landscape architecture to the philippines after 9 years of learning and doing it in the United States of America With a degree in Architecture from the University of Santo Tomas, he pursued his bachelor’s and master’s degree in landscape architecture at the School of Architecture of the University of Southern California in 1956 and 1960, respectively Some of IP Santos’ early works were some areas in the historical Paco Park and now the defunct Ayala’s Makati Commercial Center where shoppers used to walk through pedestrian mall like a park, with its patterned walkways and a host of ornamental gardens THE INSIGNIA Landscape Architecture The art of designing spaces and land spots by incorporating natural elements into the design NATIONAL ARTIST FOR ARCHITECTURE Jose Maria Zaragoza 13 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 Described as a pillar of modern architecture Creative Dance on March 27, 1976 in the Philippines buttressed by a She pioneered Filipino choreography in half-century career that produced balletic folkloric and Asian styles ecclesiastical edifices and structures of Has produced original, first-of-a-kind modernity in the service of God and choreographies, mostly to her own storylines humanity ○ TREND: Return to Native Born on December 6, 1912, he came from a ○ In a Javanese Garden family of artists ○ Sports His granduncle, Miguel Zaragoza, did the ○ VINTA! painting decorations of the Recollects Church In a Concentration Camp and monastery of San Nicolas, ,also in ○ The Magic Garden Intramuros of colonial Manila ○ The Clowns ○ Firebird NATIONAL ARTIST FOR CINEMA ○ Noli Dance Suite ○ The Flagellant ○ The Creation Ishamel Bernal Known for his intriguing, yet exceptional films Ramon Obusan that serve as the platform for better changes Borden to Dr. Praxedes Obusan of Camarines His films have invariably taken on textures and Norte and Josefina Arevalo, a music teacher hues of social issues from Albay Every film Ishamel makes has the illuminating Graduated with a BS in Fisheries degree from reflections on the stark realities: struggles in the University of the Philippines all aspects of life, humane notes on the It was in his stint as a teacher of fisheries in Filipino soul, and anguish of the Aklan Polytechnic Institute where his love for motherland Philippine folk culture was born In Bernal’s Oliver (1987 Grand Prix winner at Later went back to UP to study anthropology the 9th International Super 8 and Video In the 1960s, he joined the Bayanihan Dance Festival in Brussels, Belgium), the first part of Company, first as an instrumentalist, then the trilogy, The City of Man’s Heart, best eventually as a dancer illustrates the fluid sexuality and exemplifies In 1972, he founded the Ramon Obusan ○ Pahiram ng Isang Umaga (1989) Folkloric Group (ROFG) ○ Broken Marriage (1983) ○ A dance company composed of some ○ Himala (1982) thirty performers that aimed to mirror ○ City After Dark (1980) the traditional culture of the Filipinos ○ Nunal sa Tubig (1976) through dance and music Himala catapulted the fame of Nora Aunor to ○ The vast amount of data and artifacts the world scene from his researches became the ○ This film’s harvest of critical acclaim materials for his productions attests to its stature as a noteworthy ★ La Jota Paragua - a fiery Iberian example of Third World Cinema dance from Cuyo, Palawan Himala ★ Aburaray de Catanauam - dance Finalist at the 1982 Berlin Film Festival taught by 90 year olds in Quezon Bagged the Bronze Hugo Prize at the 1983 Province Chicago International Film Festival ★ Pandamgo - Matigsalug Dance with interesting storyline NATIONAL ARTIST FOR DANCE ★ Sinakiki - a hen and a cockrel dance of Waray in Rapu-rapu, Albay Leonor Orosa-Goquinco Mother of Philippine Theater Dance, Dean of Traditional dances saved from oblivion: Filipino Performing Arts Critics, and Trailblazer Kasanduayan and Kinakulangan Played the piano, drew art, designed scenery ○ Maranao dances showcasing the and costumes, sculpted, acted, directed, paying-a-sinilatan with a bevy of ladies danced, and choreographed gracefully walking on a way to a Her pen name was Cristina Luna wedding Proclaimed a Filipino National Artist in Ibanag Christmas Dance Infantes 14 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 ○ Children shepherds are joined by two what is now known as Bagay poetry higantes in their dance routines from ○ a landmark aesthetic tendency that house to house has helped to change the vernacular Takiling and Ragragsakan poetic tradition ○ Kalinga headhunting victory dance ★ Likhang Dila with women as dancers ★ Likhang Diwa (poems in Filipino and English) (1993) Alice Reyes ★ Balaybay, mga Tulang Lunot at Began her training at an early age with Manibalang (2002) classical ballet under the tutelage of Rosalia ★ Sa Sariling Bayan, Apat na Dulang Merino Santos may Musika (2004) Studied Bachelor of Arts in History and ★ Agunyas sa Hacienda Luisita Foreign Service at the Maryknoll college and ★ Pakikiramay (2004 did postgraduate studies at the Atenedo de Pioneered the creative fusion of fine arts Manila University and popular imagination Subsequently trained in folk dance under the ○ Tagalog Poetry (1570-1898) Bayanihan Philippine National Dance ○ Tradition and Influence on its Company and pursued modern dance, jazz Development education, and training in the United States ○ Philippine Literature, A History and The visionary founder of Ballet Philippines, Anthology who propelled the company into a national arts ○ Revaluation: Essays on Philippine institution Literature By introducing the first modern dance concert, ○ Writing the Nation/Pag-akda ng Bansa she initiated the popularization of modern dance in the country Cirilo F. Bautista ○ Amada (1969) A poet, fictionist, critic, and writer of nonfiction ○ At a Maranaw Gathering (1970) Received his degrees in AB Literature from the ○ ItimAsu (1971) University of Santo Tomas, MA Literature from ○ Tales of the Manuvu (1977) St. Louis University, Baguio City, and Doctor of ○ Rama Hari (1980) Arts in Language and Literature from De La ○ Bayanihan Remembered (1987) Salle University-Manila Received a fellowship to attend the NATIONAL ARTIST FOR LITERATURE International Writing Program at the University of Iowa (1968-1969) and was awarded an honorary degree—the only Filipino to have Dr Bienvenido Lumbera been so honored there. Is a poet, author, literary and film critic, A co-founding member of the Philippine librettist historian, anthologist, revered mentor, Literary Arts Council (PLAC) and a member of and activist the Manila Critics Circle, Philippine Center of Despite (or perhaps because of) his doctorate International PEN and the Philippine Writers in literature from American universities (with Academy Filipino literature as his thesis), Lumbera has His awards include the Palanca, Free Press, long been a socially-engaged writer and National Book Award from the Manila Critics academic, and an ardent advocate of Filipino Circle, Gawad Balagtas, the Pablo Rogman as a national and literary language Prize for the Novel, and the highest accolades Together with Rolando Tinio (another later from the City of Manila, Quezon City, and National Artist), he pioneered the teaching of Iligan City Filipino at Ateneo de Manila, and later ○ Boneyard Breaking developed the Philippine Studies course at the ○ Sugat ng Salita University of the Philippines ○ The Archipelago The Ramon Magsaysay Awardee for ○ Telex Moon Journalism, Literature, and Creative ○ Summer Suns Communications in 1993 ○ Charts Was conferred the Order of National Artist ○ The Cave and Other Poems for Literature in 2006 ○ Kirot ng Kataga As a poet, he introduced to Tagalog literature ○ Bullets and Roses 15 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 He was exposed to contemporary and Ramon L. Muzones avant-garde musical genres when he pursued Writer and a lawyer higher studies in the United States under a Born in Iloilo City on March 20, 1913. Fulbright Scholarship at Indiana University (for Finished his law degree at Central Philippine a Master’s degree, 1968), and at the State University in 1952 University of New York at Buffalo (for a A Hiligaynon poet, essayist, short story writer, Doctorate degree, 1972) critic, and novelist who authored an at least 60 He received further training in New Music in completed novels Darmstadt, Germany and in Utrecht, the ○ Ang Bag-ong Maria Clara Netherlands ○ Maambong nga Sapat (Magnificent Brute, 1940) NATIONAL ARTIST FOR VISUAL ARTS ○ Si Tamblot (1946) ○ Si Tamblot Kandidato Man (Tamblot Benedicto Reyes Cabrera is also a candidate, 1949) The only living among the 21st century ○ Dama de Noche (1982-84) national visual artists He signs his works BenCab, and thus is NATIONAL ARTIST FOR MUSIC popularly known by that name A painter and printmaker, he has widely Dr. Francisco Feliciano exhibited his works in Asia, Europe, and the Was exposed to the Morriz band and their United States of America genre of music by his father Maximiano Although his parents came from Pampanga, Feliciano he was born in Malabon, Manila on April 10, In high school, he learned to play the cymbals 1942 and the clarinet Currently, he is based in Baguio City whose He studied at the University of the Philippines cool temperature he finds close to London and attained a Master’s degree in Music where he lived for some time before he and Composition his wife Caroline Kennedy, a British writer He obtained a diploma in Music Composition divorced, in 1985 from Hochschule der Kuenste in Berlin, Germany He graduated in Yale University School of Music with Master of Musical Arts and gained a doctorate in Music Arts Composition Was one of the Philippines’ most important composers He created more than 30 major works that include operas and music dramas including La Loba Negra, Ashen Wings, Sikhay Sa Kabila ng Paalam (Beyond the Farewell), and the life of wartime Filipino hero, Jose Abad Santos Among his large works are Transfiguration and Missa Mysterium for orchestra and large Abdulmari Asia Imao chorus, the ballet Yerma, and several prize The first Muslim to be awarded the Order of winning compositions including Pokpok National Artist Alimako Adapted into his artworks traditional Muslim ○ A favorite piece of choirs in Mindanaoan motifs such as the ukkil (sinuous international choral competitions relief woodcarving tradition found in houses And Salimbayan and boats), the naga (sea serpent motif), pako rabong (fern motif), and sarimanok (mythical Ramon Pagayon Santos bird-with-fish figure) Graduated in 1965 from the UP College of He is a sculptor, painter, photographer, Music with a Teacher’s Diploma and a ceramist, documentary filmmaker, cultural Bachelor of Music degree in both composition researcher, and articulator of Philippine and Conducting Muslim art. 16 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 Was born to an impoverished Tausug couple, NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES Jamasalli Alih and Asia Imao in Siasi, Sulu on January 14, 1946 A National Living Treasure or Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan A person or group of artists awarded by the Government of the Philippines for their contributions to the country’s cultural heritage, especially in its preservation and furtherance National Living Treasures Award or Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) Was institutionalized in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355 National Commission for Culture and the Arts The highest policy-making and coordinating Federico Aguilar y Alcuaz body of the Philippines for culture and the arts The son of Mariano Aguilar and Encamacion was tasked with its implementation Alcuaz Born in Manila on June 6, 1932 OBJECTIVE OF THE AWARD A multi-awarded Filipino visual artist who exhibited extensively in Europe and earned To honor and support traditional folk artists recognition for his excellent works in the and to ensure that their skills and crafts are Philippines and abroad preserved In Barcelona, Spain, he won the Premio The award is tied with a program that ensures Moncada (1857), the Prix Francisco Goya the transfer of their skills to new generations (1958), first prize at the Pintura Sant Pol del and the promotion of the craft both locally Mar (1961), and second prize at the Premio internationally Varcell at the Fourth Biennial of Tarrasa (1964) According to NCCA, Alcuaz is primarily known In 2014, the Senate of the Philippines adopted for his gestural paintings in acrylic and oil, and Senate Resolution No. (SRN) 765 aimed at also for his sketches in ink, watercolor, and recognizing the accomplishments of the country’s living pencil treasures. He is also a noted sculptor with abstract and A GAMABA awardee receives the same figurative works in ceramics, relief sculptures honor, benefits, and privileges as a national artist made of paper and mixed media which he called Alcuaziacs QUALIFICATIONS His biographer, Jack Teotico, pointed out that in the 1970s, Alcuaz started painting a series 1. Inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional cultural of women in Filipiniana attire, which he called community anywhere in the Philippines his Tres Marias, a theme similar to the Three 2. Must have engaged in a folk art tradition with Graces which some European masters have documentation for at least fifty (50) years been painting since the Renaissance 3. Master and maker of works of extraordinary technical quality 4. Passed on and/or will pass on to other members of the community his/her skills 5. Created a significant body of works and/or has consistently displayed excellence 6. Has been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community’s artistic tradition 7. Has community recognition as a master and teacher of his/her craft LIST OF NATIONAL TREASURES OR GAMABA AWARDEES AS OF 2016 17 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 1. Basilan Ginaw Bilog (d. 2003) - artist and These ten epics are rendered in a language poet, Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro Poetry that, although related to Kinaray-a, is no (Ambahan), 1993 longer spoken and constitutes encyclopedic 2. Masino Intaray (d. 2013) - musician and epic folklore chanter, Brookes Point, Palawan, Poetry Together with scholars, artists, and advocates (Kulilal and Bagit) Music (Basal/Gong), 1993 of culture, he painstakingly pieces together the 3. Samaon Sulaiman (d. 2011) - Musician, elements of this oral tradition nearly lost Mamasapano, Maguindanao Music (Kutyapil), In the epic Tikung Kadlum 1993 ○ A man incurs the wrath of a 4. Lang Dulay - textile weaver, Lake Sebu, man-eating witch for cutting down a South Cotabato, Weaving (T’nalak), 1998 tree without permission. To make 5. Salinta Monon (d. 2009) - weaver, bansalan, matters worse, the tree happens to be Davao del Sur, Weaving (Abaka - ikat/Inabal), one that the witch particularly held in 1998 regard. In exchange for the tree, she 6. Alonzo Saclag - musician and dancer, demands the life of his two daughters. Lubugan, Kalinga Province, Music and Dance This, in her mind is a truly fair (Kalinga), 2000 exchange 7. Federico Caballero - epic chanter, Hinilawod is an epic poem written by the early Sulod-Bukidnon, Iloilo, Poetry/Epic Chant inhabitants of a place called Sulod in Central (Sugidanon), 2000 Panay. The word means tales from the mouth 8. Uwang Ahadas - musician, Lamitan, Basilan, of the Halawod River music (Yakan specifically, Kulintang, ○ Was first discovered “by accident” in kwitangan kayu, gabbang, agung, and 1955, when F. Landa Jocano, Filipino tuntungan), 2000 anthropologist became interested in 9. Darhata Sawabi (d. 2005) - weaver, Parang, native folklore Sulu, weaving (Pis Syabit), 2004 10. Eduardo Mutuc - metalsmith/metal sculptor, ALONZO SACLAG (Lubuagan, Kalinga), 2000 Apalit, Pampanga, Metalwork (bronze and Musician and Dancer silver), 2004 Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) 11. Haja Amina Appi (d. 2013) - weaver, Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi, Weaving (Mat), 2004 As a young boy in Lubuagan, Kalinga, he was 12. Teofilo Garcia - casque maker, San Quintin, fascinated with the sights and sounds of day to Abra, Casque Making (Tabungaw), 2012 day village life and ritual 13. Magdalena Gamayo - master weaver, Pinili, He absorbed all these as he evolved into a Ilocos Norte, Weaving (Inabel), 2012 traditional musician and dancer 14. Yabing Masalon Dulo - master weaver, He received no instruction, formal or Polomolok, South Cotabato, Weaving (Ikat), otherwise, in the performing arts, yet he 2016 mastered not only the Kalinga musical 15. Ambalang Ausalin - master weaver, Lamitan, instruments, but also the dance patterns and Weaving (Yakan tennun), 2016 movements associated with his people’s rituals 16. Estelita Tumandan Bantilan - master weaver, His tool was observation, and his teacher Malapatan, Sarangani, Weaving (B’laan igem), experience 2016 His love and passion for his cultural legacy was his driving force toward excellence He is the founder of the Kalinga Budong GAMABA AWARDEE Dance Troupe that tours around the world to represent and introduce Kalinga performing arts FEDERICO CABALLERO (Calinog, Iloilo), 2000, One such artifact is the Kalinga gong or the Chanter, EPIC OF PANAY gangsa - the making of which is a VI Western Visayas disappearing trade. He has endeavored to revive this dying craft\ A Panay-Bukidnon from the mountains of He perseveres in his work, braving long hours Central Panay, ceaselessly works on the of travel even in the face of a tribal war documentation of the oral literature, particularly the epics, of his people 18 Prepared By: Eleiamei F. Paredes  PHIL ARTS Teacher H | A.Y 2024-2025 UWANG AHADAS (Lamitan, Basilan) the T’boli tribe from Lake Sebu who Musician died in 2015 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Bai Yabing is renowned for her effort in preserving and promoting the ikat weaving Music was to become tha constant companion tradition, a complex dyeing technique that of Uwang Ahadas born among the Yakan, a uses resist dyeing on the yams prior to people to whom instrumental music is of much dyeing and weaving the fabric and using the significance to their land and community Mabal Tabih technique His father, Imam Ahadas, recalls that the Mabal is the B’laan term for the abaca five-year-old Uwang quietly endured the pain weaving process while Tabih refers to the in his eyes, waiting out a month before finally reserve-dyed plain woven abaca telling his parents ○ According to Marian Pastor Roces of These are the instruments that he learned to Sinaunang HABI Philippine Ancestral play Weave, Tabih also refers to the 1. Kwintangan kayu finished hand woven cloth and the a. An instrument consisting of traditional B’laan tubular skirt five wooden logs hung Bai Yabing has lived in a B’laan weaving horizontally, from the shortest house (built by the B’laan Evangelistic to the longest, with the Mission) since 2002 and is said to be the only shortest being nearest to the one skilled in designing the B’laan Tabih ground Bai Yabing’s works have been featured in the b. It is played to serenade the 2004 WOW Mindanao Tourism Expo in Davao palay, as a lover woos his and the 2nd ASEAN Traditional Textiles beloved Symposium at the CCP in February 2009 c. Its resonance is believed to As a GAMABA awardee, she was recognized gently caress the plants, for her commitment to the safeguarding and rousing them from their deep promotion of the B’laan Mabal Tabih tradition sleep, and encouraging them to grow and yield more fruit as as a young child AMBALANG AUSALIN (Lamitan, Basilan) 2. Gabbang Weaver of the Yakan Cloth a. A bamboo xylophone Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) 3. Agung a. A set of two wide-rimmed, A native Yakan tapestry weaver from Lamitan, vertically suspended gongs Basilan b. It is a sup