Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions - History PDF

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions  Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, you can: Define contemporary arts; Identify the different overviews of the Philippine arts; and Create a contemporary arts masterpiece in the medium of their choice.  Philippine History in Art...

Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions  Learning Objectives At the end of this lesson, you can: Define contemporary arts; Identify the different overviews of the Philippine arts; and Create a contemporary arts masterpiece in the medium of their choice.  Philippine History in Art Sining Saysay  Contemporary Art and Modern Art 01.FACTS: 02. DID YOU KNOW? Modern art is that which was It is a common tendency to created sometime between the describe the present as 1860s (some say the 1880s) and “modern.” the late 1960s (some say only through the 1950s). In vernacular, the terms contemporary and modern Art made thereafter until the are interchangeable. present is considered contemporary.  Contemporary Art Art produced at the present period in time. In vernacular English, “modern” and “contemporary” are synonyms, resulting in some conflation of the terms “modern art” and “contemporary art” by non-specialists. Contemporary art is the art of today, produced by artists who are living in our time. It provides opportunities to reflect on society and the issues that are important to us and the world. It is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual frameworks such as identity, family, community, and nationality.  Contemporary Art Art produced at the present period in time. In vernacular English, “modern” and “contemporary” are synonyms, resulting in some conflation of the terms “modern art” and “contemporary art” by non-specialists. Contemporary art is the art of today, produced by artists who are living in our time. It provides opportunities to reflect on society and the issues that are important to us and the world. It is part of a cultural dialogue that concerns larger contextual frameworks such as identity, family, community, and nationality. PRE-COLONIAL PHILIPPINE ARTS The Ancient Filipinos had expressed paintings through tattoos and cave carvings.  Tattoos The Pintados (painted ones), inhabitants of the Visayan islands as described by the first Spaniards to set eyes upon them. They used sharp metal instruments previously heated overfire.  Cave Carving The Angono Petroglyphs is the oldest known work of art in the Philippines. There are 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall dating back to 3000 B.C.  Sculpture The ancient Filipinos had attained a high artistic level through pottery, jewelry and woodcarving.  Bul-ul Are carved Anito figures of the Ifugaos Represents Ancestral Spirit and granary gods Bul-uls are place in rice granaries as “Guardians of the Harvest”  Sarimanok Most well-known of the old designs. Represents a fowl with wings, feathered tail, and a head decorated with ornaments of scrolled and painted motif of leaves, spirals and feather- like forms. Usually perched atop a bamboo pole, stands among decorative flags during weddings and other festive occasions.  Hagabi A wooden chair of the Ifugaos made of Narra or Ipil. Signifies royalty and power. Only the rich people can have this chair together with the rituals celebrated after the chair has been made.  Manuggul Jar is the oldest proof of a belief in the afterlife by people who lived in Pre-Colonial Philippines. The boat sculpted on the jar is believed to be ferrying the souls of the dead into the afterlife.  Architecture Though the styles of the nipa hut varied throughout the country, most all of them shared similar characteristics including having it raised slightly aboveground on stilts and a steep roof. Aside from nipa huts, other small houses were built on top of trees to prevent animal as well as enemy attacks.  Architecture An example of this is the pre-colonial walled city of Maynilad although later after the Spanish colonization, dismantled by the Spaniards and rebuilt as Intramuros. There are also other minor pre-colonial walled cities like Betis and Macabebe. PHILIPPINE ARTS during SPANISH COLONIZATION Painting When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in 1521, the colonizers used art as a tool to propagate the Catholic faith through beautiful images. With communication as problem, the friars used images to explain the concepts behind Catholicism, and to tell the stories of Christ’s life and passion. Images of the Holy Family and the saints were introduced to the Filipino psyche through carved santos, the via crucis (Stations of the Cross), engravings on estampas and estampitas, and through paintings on church walls. PHILIPPINE ARTS during SPANISH COLONIZATION Painting Religion was thereafter to provide such great impetus for the visual arts that in virtually every art form the sacred aspect became far more developed than the secular, thus continuing the intimate relationship between art and religion long established in ancient Filipino belief systems.  Sculpture Of all the arts, sculpture was the most familiar to the Filipinos. The carving of anito, images of the native religion, was replaced by the carving of santos, images of Christ and the saints. Technically, the transition may not have been too difficult, as the Filipinos were already familiar with the ways of wood, but adjustments had to be made on proportion and style. In time, santos took on the iconography of their Western prototypes.  Arhitecture The arrival of the Spaniards in 1571 brought in European colonial architecture to the Philippines. Since the Spaniards brought Christianity to the islands, they created the need to establish religious structures to support the growing number of religious organizations.  Arhitecture Some of the best-preserved colonial churches in the country are found in the Ilocos Region, as well as those in the provinces of Laguna, Batangas, Cebu and Bohol.  Bahay na Bato The colonial Filipino house, followed the nipa hut's arrangements such as open ventilation and elevated apartments. The bahaynabato was constructed out of brick and stone rather than the traditional bamboo materials. It is a mixture of native Filipino, Spanish and Chinese influences. THE PHILIPPINE ARTS during AMERICAN COLONIZATION The 1896 Philippine Revolution paved the way to the country’s independence from Spain. However, it became a short-lived liberty when the Americans became the country’s new invaders. From one colonizer to another – after more than three centuries of Spanish rule, the Americans came. They set out to conquer the Filipinos through education and governance – the public-school system and a system of government. Painters became illustrators for publications such as La Independencia, Philippines Free Press and Lipag Kalabaw. Many illustrations of the period satirized the colonial period system. When the Americans took over government of the islands after the Spanish- American War, they brought with them a new source of patronage for Philippine artists as well as a demand for different subject matter. For example, Fabian del Rosa’s paintings gained a great measure of acclaim during this period. Rosa’s work was characterized by realistic subjects and a soft, cool palette of colors. Here are some of his works: Women working in the Rice Field Young Filipina (1928) Another popular artist who got his start during the American era was Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto. Amorsolo’s paintings were idealized visions of the sun-drenched Philippine landscape and its inhabitants. Amorsolo was the Dean of the University of the Philippines School of Fine Arts from 1952-1955. His work and his leadership at the college inspired the development of the “Amorsolo School” of painting.  Sculpture If Amorsolo dominated Philippine painting for the first decades of the 20th century, in sculpture it was Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976). In 1973, Tolentino was named as a National Artist for Sculpture. Several sculptors followed the standards set by Tolentino, such as Anastacio Caedo and his son Florentino. GUILLERMO TOLENTINO (1890-1976) Trained in the classical style in Rome, Tolentino’s masterpieces include the Oblation in the University of the Philippines and the Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan. TOLENTINO’S WORKS His Oblation, the symbol of the country’s premiere State University, reflects the classical ideals – discipline, order, symmetry, and restraint. It stands naked – resolute and proud, with arms wide open to accept knowledge and change. TOLENTINO’S WORKS His Bonifacio Monument is classical in execution but romantic in content. Bonifacio, holding a bolo and a pistol, stands quietly, dignified, resolute, but defiant. He is surrounded by dynamic figures of oppression, struggle and revolution. Here, in Tolentino’s work, Andres Bonifacio remains strong amidst the turbulent storm of the Revolution. ANASTACIO CAEDO Anastacio Tanchauco Caedo (14 August 1907 – 12 May 1990). His style of sculpture was classical realist in the tradition of his mentor, Guillermo Tolentino. He produced numerous commissioned representational sculptures mainly monuments of national heroes and successful Filipino politicians, businessmen, and educators. Caedo is also notable for having refused the honor of being awarded a National Artist of the Philippines - in 1983, 1984, and 1986. Architecture With the arrival of the Americans in 1898 came a new breed of architectural structures in the Philippines. Foremost of the American contributions to the country was the establishment of civil government. This led to the erection of government buildings from the city all the way to the municipal level. Emergence of the Philippine Pre-Modern Art: Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art Anita Magsaysay-Ho Carlos Francisco Demetrio Diego Galo B. Ocampo Ricarte Purugunan Hernando R. Ocampo Bonifacio Cristobal Cesar Legaspi Arsenio Capili Diosdado Lorenzo Jose Pardo Vicente Manansala Victorio Edades  Victorio Edades, Carlos “Botong” Francisco, and Galo B. Ocampo Introduced the Modern Art styles such as pop art, maximalism, minimalism, abstraction, expressionism, constructivism, magic realism, and environmental art before The lady in Maria Clara (1971) Victorio Edades the World War II.  POST-COLONIAL ART Art after the War: The Growing and Expanding Philippine Art In 1946, the independent Philippines expressed its identity by implementing modernism through the utilization of reinforced concrete, steel and glass, the pre-dominance of cubic forms, geometric shapes and Cartesian grids, and the absence of applied decoration.  In 1947, a corps of architects and engineers were tasked to study the modern US and Latin American capitals and formulate the master plan for Manila.  CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ART Art after the War: The Growing and Expanding Philippine Art It was on the on-set of the sudden rise of personal computers and new technology created a new art medium for the arts and human expression. But there were also countless revivals of old styles being done. This started a new direction for the arts thus, setting the name, momentarily, the Philippine Contemporary Period. "Fish Vendors" by Sey Perez from Pampanga, Philippines The term "style" refers to the resemblance works of art have to one another. Enough visual elements must be shared by enough works to make their combination distinctive and recognizable to a number of people. Aside from STYLE, it is also very useful to know where the artists are coming from and the circumstances of making and disseminating art. Painting, sculpture, music, literature and the other arts are often considered to be the repository of a society’s collective memory. Art preserves what fact-based historical records cannot: how it felt to exist in a particular place at a particular time.  Art in this sense is communication; it allows people from different cultures and different times to communicate with each other via images, sounds and stories. Art is often a vehicle for social change. It can give voice to the politically or socially disenfranchised. Bai Bibyaon Bigkay A song, film or novel can rouse (2018) emotions in those who encounter it, Jag Bueno inspiring them to rally for change.