Pharyngitis PDF - 2022-2023

PHARYNGITIS Dr. Luqman A. Mustafa M.B.Ch.B, FKBMS (ORL-HNS) UOD/SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 2022-2023 Anatomy 00 00 Acute Non- Specific Pharyngitis Aetiology A) Infections 1. Viruses. Especially adenovirus & rhinovirus, particularly in children. 2. Bacterial. Especially the haemolytic strept...

PHARYNGITIS Dr. Luqman A. Mustafa M.B.Ch.B, FKBMS (ORL-HNS) UOD/SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 2022-2023 Anatomy 00 00 Acute Non- Specific Pharyngitis Aetiology A) Infections 1. Viruses. Especially adenovirus & rhinovirus, particularly in children. 2. Bacterial. Especially the haemolytic streptococcus, less commonly the0 non-haemolytic streptococcus, pneumococcus, or Haemophilus influenzae. 3. Fungal : Candida (oral thrush) B) Non-infectious causes 1. Dry air. 8 2. Allergy/postnasal drip. 3. Chemical injury. 4. Gastroesophageal reflux. 5. Smocking. GERD 6. Neoplasia. 7. Endotracheal intubation. ENT It is more common in cold weather & in persons with lowered resistance. It is a common & important prodromal manifestation of measles, scarlet fever, glandular fever & influenza & also rarely of typhoid, smallpox & secondary syphilis. Signs and symptoms sore throat sore odynophagia otalgia (referred) earache malaise Fever Erythema Cervical adenopathy  Acute Pharyngitis Ions Bacterial Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (S. pyogenes)* – most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis – accounts for 15-30% of cases in children and 5-10% in adults.  DIAGNOSIS: – clinical exam – consider throat cultures – viral smears rarely indicated  I 888 0 0  Suppurative Complications of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis at 1-Otitis media 2-Sinusitis 3-Peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscesses 4-Suppurative cervical adenitis Streptococcal Cervical Adenitis Nonsuppurative Complications of Group A Streptococcus 1-Acute rheumatic fever – follows only streptococcal pharyngitis (not group A strep skin infections) 2-Acute glomerulonephritis PSGN – May follow pharyngitis or skin infection (pyoderma) 3- Scarlet fever TO  treatment supportive care bed rest hydration humidity Lozenge Candies which contain medications that dissolve in the mouth and numb throat in seconds antipyretics Decongestant Antibiotics if suspected bacterial infection CHRONIC PHAYNGITIS Chronic Non-specific Pharyngitis This is a common condition & is due to chronic infection of the aggregates of submucosal lymphatics in the posterior pharyngeal wall. Aetiology There are many causative and contributory factors: 1. Recurrent attacks of acute Pharyngitis. 2. Nasal obstruction and infections. 3. Excess of alcohol and tobacco. 4. Prolonged exposure to dry and dusty atmospheres. 5. Infected gums and teeth. 6. Pharyngeal neurosis, leading to excessive hawking. Attempting to clear throat by ‫احم احم‬ 7. Faulty or excessive use of voice. Clinical Types 1. Catarrhal. In which there is either a dusky red congestion of the mucosa or a pale oedema. The uvula may appear enlarged or elongated. 2. Hypertrophic. Small nodules of lymphoid tissue are scattered over the pharyngeal wall, giving a granular appearance 3. Follicular. Usually accompanied by a similar infection in the tonsils, when they are present. Small yellowish cysts are seen, commonly in the valleculae. 4. Atrophic. This is usually coexistent with atrophic rhinitis. The pharyngeal mucosa is dry and glazed, with some viscid mucus on the surface Symptoms 1. Irritation in the throat. 2. Constant hawking. 3. Tiring of the voice occur readily. 4. Snoring. Treatment 1. Cause must be eradicated. 2. Reassurance. The exclusion of cancer helps many psychologically. O 3. Cautery to the lymphoid patches is sometimes advocated. catarrhal  CHRONIC PHARYNGITIS The typical appearance of a granulating inflammation involving the posterior F wall of the pharynx (hypertrophic form).  o THANK YOU