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Questions and Answers
What environmental condition is associated with an increased prevalence of ENT conditions?
What environmental condition is associated with an increased prevalence of ENT conditions?
Cold weather.
Name two infectious diseases that commonly manifest with ENT symptoms as an early sign.
Name two infectious diseases that commonly manifest with ENT symptoms as an early sign.
Measles and influenza.
In addition to measles and influenza, identify two other diseases that are linked with ENT symptoms.
In addition to measles and influenza, identify two other diseases that are linked with ENT symptoms.
Scarlet fever and glandular fever.
What relationship exists between lowered resistance and the prevalence of ENT conditions?
What relationship exists between lowered resistance and the prevalence of ENT conditions?
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List one rare disease that may present with ENT symptoms.
List one rare disease that may present with ENT symptoms.
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What is the medical term for painful swallowing, commonly associated with acute pharyngitis?
What is the medical term for painful swallowing, commonly associated with acute pharyngitis?
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Identify two common signs that might indicate the presence of acute pharyngitis.
Identify two common signs that might indicate the presence of acute pharyngitis.
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Which group of bacteria is primarily responsible for bacterial acute pharyngitis?
Which group of bacteria is primarily responsible for bacterial acute pharyngitis?
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What term describes the swelling of lymph nodes commonly associated with throat infections?
What term describes the swelling of lymph nodes commonly associated with throat infections?
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How does otalgia relate to acute pharyngitis, and what does it commonly refer to?
How does otalgia relate to acute pharyngitis, and what does it commonly refer to?
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What is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis in children and its prevalence rate?
What is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis in children and its prevalence rate?
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What percentage of pharyngitis cases in adults is attributed to Streptococcus pyogenes?
What percentage of pharyngitis cases in adults is attributed to Streptococcus pyogenes?
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Discuss the implications of Streptococcus pyogenes being the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis.
Discuss the implications of Streptococcus pyogenes being the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis.
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How does the prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes in pharyngitis cases differ between children and adults?
How does the prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes in pharyngitis cases differ between children and adults?
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Why is it important to be aware of the bacterium responsible for pharyngitis?
Why is it important to be aware of the bacterium responsible for pharyngitis?
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What are the clinical considerations in diagnosing Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis?
What are the clinical considerations in diagnosing Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis?
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List two suppurative complications of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis.
List two suppurative complications of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis.
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What nonsuppurative complication can follow only streptococcal pharyngitis?
What nonsuppurative complication can follow only streptococcal pharyngitis?
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What supportive treatments are recommended for managing symptoms of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis?
What supportive treatments are recommended for managing symptoms of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis?
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What is the common cause of chronic non-specific pharyngitis?
What is the common cause of chronic non-specific pharyngitis?
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What is typically observed in the valleculae during a follicular infection?
What is typically observed in the valleculae during a follicular infection?
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How does atrophic rhinitis relate to atrophic conditions?
How does atrophic rhinitis relate to atrophic conditions?
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What common condition is associated with follicular infections in the tonsils?
What common condition is associated with follicular infections in the tonsils?
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Describe the appearance of cysts associated with follicular infections.
Describe the appearance of cysts associated with follicular infections.
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What is a potential consequence of follicular infections in terms of tonsil health?
What is a potential consequence of follicular infections in terms of tonsil health?
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Study Notes
Acute Pharyngitis
- More common in cold weather & in persons with lowered resistance.
- A prodromal manifestation of measles, scarlet fever, glandular fever, and influenza
- Rarely a prodromal manifestation of typhoid, smallpox, and secondary syphilis.
- Signs and symptoms: sore throat, odynophagia, otalgia (referred) earache, malaise, fever, erythema, cervical adenopathy
Bacterial Pharyngitis
- Caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (S. pyogenes)
- Most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis.
- Accounts for 15-30% of cases in children and 5-10% in adults.
- Diagnosis: clinical exam, throat cultures, viral smears are rarely indicated.
Suppurative Complications of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis
- Otitis media
- Sinusitis
- Peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscesses
- Suppurative cervical adenitis
Nonsuppurative Complications of Group A Streptococcus
- Acute rheumatic fever: follows ONLY streptococcal pharyngitis, not group A strep skin infections
- Acute glomerulonephritis PSGN: may follow pharyngitis or skin infection (pyoderma)
- Scarlet fever: a complication
Treatment
- Supportive care: bed rest, hydration, humidity, lozenges, candies that dissolve in the mouth to numb the throat
- Antipyretics
- Decongestant
- Antibiotics if suspected bacterial infection
Chronic Pharyngitis
- Non-specific: due to chronic infection of the aggregates of submucosal lymphatics in the posterior pharyngeal wall.
- Follicular: accompanies similar infections in tonsils, if present, small yellowish cysts, commonly in the valleculae.
- Atrophic: usually coexistent with atrophic rhinitis.
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Description
This quiz covers the types, causes, symptoms, and complications of pharyngitis, including acute and bacterial forms. It emphasizes the significance of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci as a major cause of this condition and explores both suppurative and nonsuppurative complications. Test your knowledge about this important health topic!
