Pharmacology Past Paper - Organic Nitrates and Nitrites PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by CleanlyBoston
Mansoura
Tags
Summary
This document details the classification, dosage, onset, and duration of short, intermediate, and long-acting nitrates, including amyl nitrite, glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide dinitrate, and isosorbide mononitrate. It also discusses pharmacokinetic aspects such as absorption and metabolism.
Full Transcript
– Beta-blockers: the first-line agents for chronic stable (exertional) angina. – CCBs: the second-line agents for chronic stable angina – Long and intermediate acting nitrates. – pFOX inhibitors: trimetazidine – Newer antianginal drugs: ranolazine an...
– Beta-blockers: the first-line agents for chronic stable (exertional) angina. – CCBs: the second-line agents for chronic stable angina – Long and intermediate acting nitrates. – pFOX inhibitors: trimetazidine – Newer antianginal drugs: ranolazine and nicorandil – Lipid lowering drugs: statins (see chapter 6). – Antiplatelet drugs: e.g. aspirin, clopidogrel (see pharmacology of blood). Surgical treatment (myocardial revascularization). Organic nitrates and nitrites Classification Dose Onset Duration Short-acting nitrates: Amyl nitrite crushable ampoules 0.3 ml inhalation 1-2 min 5-10 min Glyceryl trinitrate tablets or spray 0.5 mg SL 1-5 min 10-20 min Isosorbide dinitrate 5 mg SL 3-5 min 60 min Glyceryl trinitrate (Tridil®) 5 μg/min i.v.i. Intermediate-acting nitrates: Isosorbide dinitrate 10 mg oral 15 min 3-6 hrs 40 mg oral SR 30 min 6-10 hrs Long-acting nitrates: Isosorbide mononitrate 20 mg oral 30 min 6-8 hrs 60 mg oral SR 30 min 6-10 hrs Transdermal patches 30 min 12-18 hrs Pharmacokinetics Absorption: nitrates are rapidly absorbed from all sites of administration. Metabolism: in the liver: – If given oral → extensive first-pass metabolism (oral bioavailability
