Person-related Determinants of Eating Behaviour.pdf

Person-related Determinants of Eating Behaviour Dr Lee Ching Li [email protected] Food Environment and Eating Behaviour NDT 2126  What are the factors that influence your eating behaviour? How does understanding the factors that influ...

Person-related Determinants of Eating Behaviour Dr Lee Ching Li [email protected] Food Environment and Eating Behaviour NDT 2126  What are the factors that influence your eating behaviour? How does understanding the factors that influence eating behaviour affect the work a dietitian does?  Lesson Outcomes At the end of this session, you should be able to: Describe the intrapersonal experience of eating behaviour: perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, motivations knowledge and skills social norms and cultural norms Describe the interpersonal experience of eating behaviour: family and social networks (eg. food purchasing decision influenced by family, peers, co-workers and those in various organizations)  Introduction Eating behaviour – a broad term that encompasses food choice and motives, feeding practices, dieting, and eating-related problems such as obesity, eating disorders, and feeding disorders1. People make decisions about food several times a day: when to eat, what to eat, with whom to eat, and how much to eat – many of these are unconscious decisions2. Biologically determined predisposition towards food can be modified by experience with food3. People also develop perceptions, expectations, and feelings about food. These person-related experience (intrapersonal and inter personal) can influence eating behaviour3. References: 1. LaCaille L. (2013) Eating Behavior. In: Gellman M.D., Turner J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. Springer, New York, NY 2. Wansink B & Jeffery S. Mindless Eating: The 200 Daily Food Decisions We Overlook. Environment and Behavior. 2007;39(1):106-123 3. Contento IR (ed.) Nutrition Education. 2nd Ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011  Food-related determinants of eating behaviour Biology Basic tastes We are born with unlearned biological predispositions toward liking the sweet taste and rejecting sour and bitter taste1 Liking for salt develop several months after birth Preference for fat appears in early infancy or childhood – linked to food texture1 Umami – the 5th taste related to glutamate1 Other sensory experience – irritation from hot chillies and coolness of menthol1 Reference: 1. Contento IR (ed.) Nutrition Education. 2nd Ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011  Food-related determinants of eating behaviour Biology Hunger-satiety mechanisms Many genetic and biological mechanisms control hunger and satiety1 – more learning in Pathophysiology and Clinical Management of Diseases Today’s obesogenic environment has taken body weight control from an instinctual (unconscious) process to one that requires substantial cognitive effort1. Reference: 1. Contento IR (ed.) Nutrition Education. 2nd Ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011  Food-related determinants of eating behaviour Biology Sensory-Specific Satiety We have a biologically determined sensory-specific satiety mechanism – get tired of one taste and move on to another over a short time span, such as while eating a meal1. Greater variety of food stimulates bigger meal size and greater food intake2. Reference: 1. Contento IR (ed.) Nutrition Education. 2nd Ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011 2. Roll B. 2000. Sensory-specific satiety and variety in the meal. In Dimensions of the meal: The science, culture, business, and art of eating, edited by H: Meiselman. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers.  Food-related determinants of eating behaviour Experience with food People’s liking for specific 2 foods and food acceptance pattern are a result of physiological conditioning/learning arising from positive or negative consequences that people experience from repeated exposure to a food1 Pre- and Postnatal experience Reference: 1. Contento IR (ed.) Nutrition Education. 2nd Ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011 2. Underwood E. The taste of things to come. Science. 2014;345(6190):750-751.  Food-related determinants of eating behaviour Experience with food People’s liking for specific foods and food acceptance pattern are a result of physiological conditioning/learning arising from positive or negative consequences that people experience from repeated exposure to a food1 Physiological conditioning Familiarity – learned safety Conditioned food preferences and aversions Conditioned satiety Reference: 1. Contento IR (ed.) Nutrition Education. 2nd Ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011  Food-related determinants of eating behaviour Experience with food People’s liking for specific foods and food acceptance pattern are a result of physiological conditioning/learning arising from positive or negative consequences that people experience from repeated exposure to a food1 Social conditioning Social-affective context – social modelling Parenting practices Reference: 1. Contento IR (ed.) Nutrition Education. 2nd Ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2011  Person-related determinants of eating Intrapersonal determinants Person-related experiences can influence eating behaviour: Intrapersonal – within a person Perceptions and beliefs: Is the food tasty, convenient, affordable, filling, familiar, comforting? Personal meaning: What food is tasty, convenient, affordable, filling, familiar, comforting? Values: How important is it for the food to be tasty, convenient, affordable, filling, familiar, comforting? Attitudes: How do I feel think about the food/eating behaviour? e.g. attitude towards breastfeeding, food safety practices Motivations: What reasons do I have to eat a specific food / a certain way?  Person-related determinants of eating Intrapersonal determinants Person-related experiences can influence eating behaviour: Intrapersonal – within a person Knowledge and skills: e.g.- knowledge of how food affects health, being able to cook tasty low-fat dishes Social and cultural norms: Humans are social creatures – we feel compelled to subscribe to what is deemed normal and expected to varying degrees  Person-related determinants of eating Interpersonal determinants Person-related experiences can influence eating behaviour: Interpersonal – between people Humans participate in a network There may be need to negotiate with others in the of social relationships (different family about what to buy or extensiveness, different density) eat. Family Peers Co-workers Relationships with peers and People in organizations we co-workers have an impact on belong to our food choices.  Class Discussion 1. Do you like this food or dislike this food/beverage? 2. What are the food-related and person-related determinants for your preference or aversion to this food/beverage? Food-related determinants Biologically determined predispositions Experience with food Physiological conditioning Social conditioning Person-related determinants Intra-person factors Inter-person factors  Lesson Outcomes Are you able to: Describe the intrapersonal experience of eating behaviour? Describe the interpersonal experience of eating behaviour?