Perception PDF

PERCEPTION Prepared By Reema Basfore Perceptual Process Receiving of Stimuli Selection of Stimuli Organisation of Stimuli Interpretation a. Halo effect b. Stereotyping c. Attribution Action Common shortcuts in judging others Selec...

PERCEPTION Prepared By Reema Basfore Perceptual Process Receiving of Stimuli Selection of Stimuli Organisation of Stimuli Interpretation a. Halo effect b. Stereotyping c. Attribution Action Common shortcuts in judging others Selective Perception Any characteristic that makes a person, an object, or an event stand out will increase the probability that we will perceive it. WhyM Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see, we can take only certain stimuli. Because we can't observe everything going on about us, we engage in selective perception. Selective perception allows us to “speed-read” others. Halo Effect When we draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance, halo effect is operating. The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an observer's overall impression of a person, company, brand, or product influences the observer's feelings and thoughts about that entity's character or properties. Contrast Effects An old adage among entertainers is “Never follow an act that has kids or animals in it.” Why? Audiences love children and animals so much that you will look bad in comparison. This example demonstrates how a contrast effect can distort perceptions. We do not evaluate a person in isolation. Our reaction to a person is influenced by other persons we have recently encountered. Stereotyping When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which he or she belongs, we are using the shortcut called stereotyping. We rely on generalizations every day because they help us to make decisions quickly, they are means of simplifying a complex world. Projection It is a tendency to assign one’s own personal attributes to others. For instance, a manager who is corrupt will tend to project that all others are also corrupt like him. Similarly, a manager who loves challenging work might project that all others like challenging work. Many times, this is not true, and the manager who tries to enrich all the jobs as challenging might be leading to wrong motivational technique for other employees. When managers engage in projection, they compromise their ability to respond to individual differences. They tend to see people as more homogeneous than they really are. Thus, managers should guard themselves against perceptual biases through projection. THANK YOU