Physical Education & Health 3 Lecture Note PDF

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region VIII DR. V. ORESTES ROMUALDEZ EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Tacloban, City Physical Education & Health 3 LEC...

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Region VIII DR. V. ORESTES ROMUALDEZ EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION, INC. SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Tacloban, City Physical Education & Health 3 LECTURE NOTE LESSON 1: HISTORY OF DANCE Dancing is one of the creative ways to get fit. It is something you can do at home, alone, or in a different venue with your friends or in a group. Like all exercises, dance can also work wonders for your mental health, which is a critical element in ensuring one's overall well-being. To dance is to exercise the entire body as well as the mind. Learning and remembering various choreographies will enhance brain activity while continuous movements are excellent for physical well-being. These modules are uniquely crafted to offer different performance tasks and dancing activities to maintain fitness and health. These exercises aim to help you engage in dancing and optimize your physical health for a lifetime of wellness. Brief History of Dance The origin of the dance is closely related to chanting, clapping of hands, slapping of thighs, tapping and stomping of feet since these were the first means of creating beats and rhythm. Primitive people believed that dances bring magic. They celebrate every significant stage of life through dancing (birth, growing up, marriage, death, and others). They dance to persuade nature to provide them with a bountiful harvest by bringing sun or rain. They also danced to cast out misfortune, illness, and evil spirits. They used their bodies for free dance movements to express their feelings and emotions. The rhythm as usually accompanied by excitement and an increase in speed. Dance in the Philippines mostly has the same origins in that it was initially also used to celebrate vital stages of one's life and to make offerings or sacrifices to deities. These roots are part of Filipino heritage, and large parts of it have been mostly preserved despite the country being colonized by various colonizers, notably the Spaniards, Americans, and Japanese. Today, there remains indigenous Filipino Search and Learn dances that demonstrate the original use of precolonial Philippine dances, and they need to be preserved for future generations Different Genres of Dance There are different genres or types of dance. The following are the most common or well known: Ballet - The word ballet originated from the Latin word ballo, meaning "to dance." Ballet has roots that date as far back as the 17th century during the reign of Louis XIV of France. France and Russia pioneered ballet dance as public entertainment, and it spread throughout Europe. Ballet’s art expressions rely on its precise and highly formalized set of steps and gestures. With light, graceful, and fluid movements, ballet dancers perform en pointe (on toe) on the dancing area. Modern Dance - This is also referred to as contemporary dance, and it is a dance that appeared starting in the 20th century. It is a present-day expression of dance with new movements and new rhythms to create artistic communication. Classical Dance - This kind of dance interrelates drama, music, and dance. Classical dances tell stories based on legends and mythologies using gestures, masks, and elaborate make up. A performance of classical dance may last for hours. Folk Dance - A folk dance is a traditional dance of a given country that evolved naturally with everyday activities and innumerable themes common to all its people. The steps and patterns are passed on from one generation to another. Folk dances can be participated by locals of all ages. Ethnic Dance - This is a dance form developed from an ethnic culture to depict its history, customs, and beliefs. Ballroom Dance - Ballroom dances are dances that are commonly performed inside a ballroom. This is also known as social dance. This is a popular dance that has its roots in the 17th and 18th centuries when ballroom was danced in French courts for entertainment purposes only. Dancing as a form of exercise Dancing is a full body workout. It uses upbeat and inventive movements that promote an active lifestyle. Dancing is a physical activity that can help you burn about 600 calories per hour. It builds muscular endurance. Regular dancing improves an individual’s endurance. It improves flexibility. Dancing stretches your body and develops flexibility. It makes use of aerobic and anaerobic movements. Dancing is a great form of exercise since it incorporates movement that are aerobics and anaerobic. Benefits of Dancing 1. Sleep management - Dancing is a good way to get the half hour of regular daily exercise that the body needs. Exercising through dancing can help improve and correct the natural sleep cycle. A good dance exercise during morning hours creates a natural cooling effect over time. 2. Stress management - During dancing, the brain releases neurotransmitters called endorphins, also known as the happy hormones, which serve to reduce anxiety and stress. Module 2: Exploring the Elements of Dance The Basic Concepts of Dance Dance is defined as a performance consisting of selected sequences of movements. These movements are acknowledged by observers and performers within a specific culture. It has a symbolic value and aesthetic prowess. Dance can be classified and described by its repertoire of movements, its place of origin, or by its choreography. Universal Characteristics of Dance The following are the universal characteristics of dance. 1. It uses the human body. The human body is used to execute sequences of movements to express the thoughts, emotions, and story of the performer. 2. It communicates. Dance is a powerful storyteller that enables its performers to channel their message and intensively express it through movements. 3. It is accompanied by rhythm. Most dances are accompanied by music. The closest relationship between music and dance is it both contains rhythm. Rhythm is the repeated pattern of a beat. This is necessary because it gives emphasis to the movement of the dance and guides the performers to maintain the same beat. 4. It extends through force and space. Force in dance refers to the quality of a performer's movement that creates feelings, variations, and interests. Space in dance is the area where the movements are executed or where the dance is performed. For example, during cheerdancing, the space provided by the dancers are utilized to produce big movements and variation in choreography. These are all important characteristics of dance. Understanding the Five Elements of Dance Dance is an art form anchored on producing a fluid and impermanent performance. Choreographers and dancers have their own set of basic compositional elements that they need to consider when creating a dance routine. Understanding these basic elements is essential to producing a great work of art. There are five basic elements of dance. These are body, action, space, time, and energy. You can use the acronym B.A.S.T.E so you can remember the elements of dance easily. 1. Body (Who?) - In dance, the human body is the form seen by the audience. 2. Action (What?) - Action is any movement during a dance performance. It refers to sequences, steps, and pauses during the dance. Action may be improvised, choreographed, or passed down by tradition. 3. Space (Where?) - Space is where the performance takes place. There is a variation on how a dancer can utilize space throughout the performance. Dancers may modify their movements through pathways, directions, and level. 4. Time (When?) - Time is the duration of the dancers' movements. It also refers to the relationship of one movement to another. 5. Energy (How?) - Energy refers to how movements happen during a dance performance. All dances use energy. Some are quick and high energy while some are slow and supple. Dance Energies The movement here propelled by energy or force. A force can either initiate or stop an action. Dance uses different energies and a varied use of these minimizes the monotony of the movements in a performance. 1. Sustained- movements are done smoothly, continuously, and with flow and control. It does not have a clear beginning and ending. 2. Percussive- movements are explosive or sharp in contrast with sustained movements. They are accented with thrust of energy. They have a clear beginning and ending. 3. Vibratory- movement consist of trembling or shaking. A faster version of percussive movements that produces a jittery effect. 4. Swinging- movement trace a curved line or an arc in space. The movement are relaxed and giving in to gravity on the downward part of motion, followed by an upward application of energy. 5. Suspend- movements are perched in space or hanging on air. Holding a raised leg in any direction is an example of example of suspended movement. 6. Collapsing- movements are released in tension and gradually or abruptly giving in to gravity, letting the body descend to the floor. Five Fundamental Positions of the Arms and Feet First Position For the first position, form a V-shape with your feet by bringing your heels together to touch while keeping your toes away from each other. Second Position For the second position, move one foot sideward. Your feet should be parallel to each other while maintaining a distance of about 12 inches. Third Position For the third position, bring your foot’s heel to touch the arch of your other foot, with both feet turned outward. Fourth Position In the fourth position, put your foot forward while the other foot still retains its position. The distance between the two feet should be about 12 inches. Fifth Position In the fifth position, bring the heel of the foot in front to touch the toe of the other. Both feet should still be pointing outward. Arms Positions First Position For the first position, raise your arms into a circle in front of your chest. Your hands should be aligned in front of your chest with both arms slightly curved, and your fingertips should be at least 1 inch apart. Second Position For the second position, open your arms sideward at shoulder level. Third Position One arm is raised above your head, while the other arm maintains the second position. The arm that was raised should be slightly curved as well. Fourth Position In the fourth position, the arm in the second position would be raised forward in front of your chest again, similar to how it was in the first position. The arm that is lifted above your head will still maintain its position. Fifth Position For the fifth position, both arms should be lifted above your head, slightly curving. The posture is similar to that of the first position but raised above the head instead. Lesson 3: Traditional Folk Dances of the Philippines Itik-Itik This dance is originated in from Surigao Del Norte The steps mimic the way a duck walks, as well as the way itsplashes water on its back to attract a mate. “Itik-Itik” is derived from the Filipino word “itik”, means “Duck” Was created by a lady named Kanang who choreographed the steps while dancing at a baptismal party. Other guests copied her movements, and everyone liked the dance so much that it has been passed along ever since. Tinikling the Philippines' national dance Imitate the movement of the tikling bird as it walks around through tall grass and between tree branches. The dance is originated in the Visayan Islands, particularly in the province of Leyte. Dance believed to have been inspired by the movements of the “tikling” bird (locally known as “tikling) People perform the dance using bamboo poles. The dance is composed of three basic steps, which include singles, doubles and hops. Pandanggo sa Ilaw Originated from Lubang Island, Mindoro Comes from the Spanish “Fandango,” which means a lively dance, thus Pandanggo sa Ilaw" translates to "Dance with Light.“ Oil Lamps: The defining feature of Pandanggo sa Ilaw is the use of three lighted oil lamps or "tinghoy." One lamp is balanced on the head, while the other two are balanced on the backs of the hands. Reflects the ability to maintain composure and elegance even in challenging situations. Pandanggo Oasiwas Originates from Pagngasinan Province. Related to Filipino dance known as Pandanggo sa Ilaw (Dance of Lights). Oasiwas means “to swing” in the Pangasinan language, which is a key element in this dance Similar to the Pandanggo sa Ilaw, and is typically performed by fishermen to celebrate a good catch. In this version, the lamps are place in cloths or nets and swung around as the dancer’s circle and sway Maglalatik Mock war dance that depicts a fight over coconut meat, a highly prized food. The dance is broken into four parts: two devoted to the battle and two devoted to reconciling. The men of the dance wear coconut shells as part of their costumes, and they slap them in rhythm with the music The Maglalatik is dance in the religious procession during the fiesta of Biñan as an offering to San Isidro de Labrador, the Maglalatik is divided into four parts: 1. Palipasan- Represents the initial encounter or battle between the two groups 2. Baligtaran- Depicting the exchange of places or roles between the dancers, symbolizing a change in the course of the battle. 3. Paseo- Peaceful segment where the dancers reconcile and offer tribute to San Isidro. 4. Sayaw Escaramusa - The final part, which reenacts the fierce battle but ultimately leads to unity and peace. Carinosa Originated during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines "Cariñosa" comes from the Spanish word "cariñosa," which means "affectionate" or "loving." A dance made for flirting  Dancers make a number of flirtatious movements as they hide behind fans or handkerchiefs and peek out at oneanother. The essence of the dance is the courtship between twosweethearts. Sayaw sa bangko Sayaw sa Bangko or also known as “Sayaw Ed Tapew na Bangko” is a Philippine Folk Dance originated in Lingayen An early documentation of the dance was done by Francisca Reyes- Aquino, in the locality of Pangapisan, Lingayen. Typically performed by a pair of dancers, usually a man and a woman. Dance involves a series of intricate steps, hops, and turns represents the resourcefulness and creativity of Filipinos, turning everyday objects like benches into elements of dance. Lesson 4: Philippine Festivals Festival Dance - cultural dances performed to the strong beats of percussion instruments by a co mmunity of people sharing the sameculture usually done in honor or thanksgiving of a bountiful harvest. This dance may be religious or secular in nature. FESTIVALS IN LUZON 1. Pahiyas Festival Farm families decorate their houses with kiping or bright-colored rice wafers to thank San Isidro Labrador for a bountiful harvest. The festival is celebrated every May 15 and while it is commonly associated with Lucban, Quezon, it is also held in Sariaya and Tayabas. 2. Panagbenga Festival The word panagbenga comes from a Kankanaey term which translates to "the season of bloom." The popular festival is held every February to celebrate the abundance of flowers in Baguio City. There are performances by tribes such as Igorots and Ibalois; their dances are inspired by their culture and the celebrated blooms. 3. Bangus Festival This festival pays tribute to Dagupan City's biggest industry and eures various activities that highlight the milkfish or bangus, such as parades and competitions. It is held for 19 days in the month of April, ending on the 28th. 4. Pagoda sa Wawa The fluvial pagoda festival commemorates the legendary rescue of the Holy Cross from the Bocaue River 200 years ago every first Sunday of July in Bocaue, Bulacan. The cross is paraded on a pagoda with beautiful trimmings and guided by colorful bancas and hundreds of people join the procession for a nine-day novena. FESTIVALS IN VISAYAS 1. Sinulog Festival This is held every third Sunday of January in Cebu City. The festival honors the former patron saint of the Cebu province, Santo Niño. It is a dance ritual that remembers the Filipino people's pagan roots and their acceptance of the Christian faith. Sinulog comes from the Cebuano adverb sulog which means "like water current movement." The meaning of the term perfectly describes the forward- backward movement of the Sinulog dance. The dance usually consists of two steps forward and one step backward, performed to the beat of the drums. 2. Ati-Atihan Festival It is celebrated every third week of January in honor of Santo Niño at Kalibo, Panay. Participants paint their faces, wear indigenous costumes, and dance to drum rhythm beats similar to the carnival drumming in Brazil. 3. Dinagyang Festival Dinagyang is the Ilonggo word for merry- making. The festival is for the Holy Child Jesus and is celebrated every fourth Sunday of January in Iloilo. It features a colorful parade as well as participants offering prayers, dances, and chants of "Viva Señor Santo Niño!" Ilonggos paint their bodies black to imitate the black, small slender Negritos who are the aborigines of Pinay. The warriors are dressed in fashionable and colorful Aeta costumes and dance artistically and rhythmically with complicated format along with the loud thrashing and sound of drums. 4. Masskara Festival It is the Festival of Smiles from Bacolod City, Negros Occidental. Unlike other festivals, it is not religious or tribal in nature. Instead, the festival ironically has tragic roots. The term masskara comes from two words: mass meaning "crowd" and the Spanish cara, which means "face." Ely Santiago, a devoted painter, cartoonist, and cultural artist, coined the term masskara, which means many faces. It became the festival's trademark, which can be seen through the smiling masks worn by the participants. 5. Pintados Kasadyaan Festival It displays the rich cultural heritage and the native music and dances of the people of Leyte and Samar. A merry-making event that lasts for a whole month, the affair includes the Leyte Kasadyaan Festival of Festivals, the 17th Pintados Festival Ritual Dance Presentation, and the "Pagrayhak" Grand Parade. These are said to have begun from the feast day of Señor Santo Niño, held every June 29th. The Leyteños celebrate a religious festival in a unique and colorful way. Since the Visayans are experienced in the art of tattooing, men and women decorate their bodies with tattoos. 6. Kadayawan Festival It is a yearly celebration in Davao City during the third week of August. It is a festivity of life, a thanksgiving for the gifts of nature, the wealth of culture, the bounties of harvest, and serenity of living. It also focuses on the multicolored mix of Davao and Mindanao's indigenous communities as well as migrant settlers, whose identities make up the rich cultural heritage of the island. It was believed that Davao's ethnic tribes living at the foot of Mount Apo would meet during a bountiful harvest. FESTIVALS IN MINDANAO 1. Tuna Festival The yellow fin tuna fish abound in the waters that surround General Santos City, effectively making the city one of the leading producers of tuna around the world. The festival is celebrated every 5th day of September. A celebration of everything tuna, this is the place to go when you want to taste tuna dishes. The tuna dish cooking contest is one of the most awaited activities in the festival where visitors have the chance to eat and at the same time, enjoy the cultural street dances and drum and lyre presentations prepared by the locals. 2. Hermosa Festival Every October, the scenic city of Zamboanga known as the "City of Flowers", celebrates its grand annual Zamboanga Hermosa Festival, or the popularly known as Fiesta Pilar with 12 days and nights of events and celebrations. The beautiful city of Zamboanga welcomes thousands to the region's biggest, most extravagant celebration of the year. The two-day celebration is mainly in honor of the miraculous image of Our Lady of the Pilar Nuestra Señoradel Pilar de Zaragosa. The people of Zamboanga passionately believe that the lady has served as their unifying cultural and historical symbol. 3. Lanzones Festival This is held every third week of October and it is a four-day grand celebration that highlights lanzones, the most important souce of livelihood in Camiguin. The Lanzones Festival in Mambadjao, Camiguin is celebrated with a weekend street dancing competition and parties, cultural shows, a parade, a beauty pageant (coronation of Mutya sa Buahanan), and a trade fair that features local handicraft and products. Houses, street poles, and even people are ornamented with lanzones during the festival.