Dance History (PDF)

What is Dance? Dance comes from the German word damson, which means "to stretch or "to drag" It developed as a natural expression of united feeling and action. Dance is considered the mirror of the society because it responds to historical and religious events as well as social and political sta...

What is Dance? Dance comes from the German word damson, which means "to stretch or "to drag" It developed as a natural expression of united feeling and action. Dance is considered the mirror of the society because it responds to historical and religious events as well as social and political statements. Although there have been immense comparative differences in period and culture, people still dance mainly for four reasons: \(a) to please gods; \(b) to please others; \(c) to please themselves; and \(d) to build community within an ethnic group or social interaction. History and Development of Dance from the Different Periods ϖ Dance During the Prehistoric Period  It had been a major form of religious ritual and social expression within primitive culture. **History and Development of Dance from the Different Periods** **Dance During the Prehistoric Period** It had been a major form of religious ritual and social expression within primitive culture. It was used as a way of expression and reinforcing tribal unity and strength. It is based on superstition and infused with magic. Shamans as lead dancers acted as physicians and religious leaders and kept tribes healthy, prosperous and safe. **Dance During the Ancient Civilization** **Ancient Egypt.** 3,300 BCE (First Dancing). It is believed that the first people to dance were the Egyptians. Archaeologists discovered paintings of dancing figures in rock shelters and caves. As a way of expressing religious service and teaching ancient myth, three (3) major dancers were evolved: \(1) the king; \(2) the priests who performed magical dances; \(3) virgin dancers who were trained to perform during ceremonies led by the priests. **Ancient Crete**. The Cretan civilization (3000-1400 BC) was a cultural link in the ancient world between Egyptians and Greeks. Cretans used dance to perfect their military training which made excellent. Dance During the Prehistoric Period  It had been a major form of religious ritual and social expression **Ancient Greece**. Dance was not just for religious and military training but also a form of entertainment and display. Plato immensely gave importance to dance in education as stated in the education on the Laws. He highlighted the two kinds of dance and music: the noble (fin and honorable) and the ignoble (imitating what is mean or ugly). **Ancient Rome.** Gave less importance to dancing which eventually became an integral part of the corruption in the latter days of the Roman Empire resulting in the condemnation of dance by early Christians. Dance was primarily performed for religious, social and entertainment. However, theatrical entertainment was prohibited but still existed and was performed within church during religious ceremonies.dance style.  A vast dance movement occurred throughout the courts of Europe Lesson 2 Dancing toward the 21st Century **Dance During the Middle Ages and The Renaissance** didn't really become popular until around the year 1500. Ballet gained its popularity when a lady of the arts, Catherine de Medici, married King Henry 11 and threw festivals where they would perform ballet dances. Ballet is believed to be the main core of every single dance style. A vast dance movement occurred throughout the courts of Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries. During these times, new court dances performed by the nobility came about as well as the rise of the art of ballet in Italy and France. Several other dance forms continued to sprout and spread across several countries. **Dancing toward the 21st Century** **Modern History** **Dance During the Late 16th and 17th Centuries (1501-1700)** **1600 (Masque Dancing).** Masque dancing started from elaborate pageants and shows in the 16th century. Masque dancing involved intricate costuming and stage designing that also incorporated singing and acting as well as dancing. It was often used as a court entertainment. was considered to be pleasantly deep and rich. France became the forerunner in dance during this period. Dance increased as a court amusement and later transformed into professional entertainment. **Dance During the 18th Century (1701-1800)** **1795 (Classical Persian Dancing).** This style of dance evolved from courtroom dancing. An era influencing Persian dance was the Qajar **Dynasty which lasted from 1795 to 1925**. Dancers would perform artistic and lively dances for the Shah. The music is usually played by a small band. **1800 (Tippity Tappity, Time for Tap).** Tap dancing originated from African tribe dancing. Tap dancing makes percussion sounds because of dancers most commonly wearing leather shoes with two pieces of metal and clip and clap against hard floors. Tap is still very popular to this day. **Dance During the 19th Century (1801-1900)** **1890 (Merengue Dancing).** It is a Caribbean dance style that involves partners holding each other in a tango-like position and moving their hips side to side. **1900 (Jazz and Acro).** It involves doing smooth and flexible movements, and lots of back bending and tricks. Both styles are widely popular to this day. **Ballroom dances** also emerged during this period like Cotillion, Polonaise, Quadrille, Waltz and Polka. **20th Century Dances (1901-2000)** Described as a period of "dance fever" wherein the young and old alike were not limited to express emotions through dance. **1950 (Contemporary Dance).** Contemporary dance is a style that combines jazz, ballet, and modern dance. It can be many different styles, but most of the time it is melancholy and or intense. **1970 (Hip Hop Dance).** There are many styles of hip hop that include breaking, popping, locking, and more. Street dance was performed both in night clubs and on the streets. It is associated with funk, breakdancing, and hip-hop. Several social dance movements also evolved such as castle walk, tango, foxtrot, Charleston, Lindy Hop, Rumba, Mambo, Cha-ChaCha, Samba, Bossa Nova, Boogaloo and Twist.  Popular fad dances also emerged like YMCA and Macarena. **21st Century Dance (2001- Present)** **2018 (Dance Nowadays).** Today\'s dance style has taken a turn towards more hip hop dances. Small and popular dances that involve hip hop and that most everyone can achieve include the whip and nae nae, Gangnam Style (it's a little old), shooting, and more. **The Health-Related Fitness Components** Before engaging any physical activities, you need to self- assess your healthrelated fitness status and determine barriers to physical activity participation. Health-related fitness involves exercise activities that you do in order to try to improve your physical health and stay healthy. **Cardiovascular endurance** is the ability of the heart and lungs to work together to provide the needed oxygen and fuel to the body during sustained workloads. The 3-minute Step Test is used to test cardiovascular endurance. **Muscular strength** is the amount of force a muscle can produce. The PushUp Test is most often used to test muscular strength. **Muscular endurance** is the ability of the muscles to perform continuous without fatiguing. The Basic Plank is most often used to test muscular endurance. **Flexibility** is the ability of each joint to move through the available range of motion for a specific joint. The Zipper Test and Sit and Reach Test is frequently used to test body flexibility. **Body composition** is the amount of fat mass compared to lean muscle mass, bones and organs. The BMI is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is universally expressed in units of kg/m², resulting from mass in kilograms and height in meters. **Getting FITT with Dance** When engaging in any form of dance, always consider the FITT (Frequency,Intensity, Time, Type) principle of training to be able to perform efficiently and minimize unnecessary body stress and injury. **Frequency** (How Often)- number of training sessions that are performed during a given period (usually one week). About 3 to 4 times per week or more are the recommended times of exercise for an individual. Rest or easy days are in between to allow your body to recover from physical exertion. **Intensity** (How Hard)- an individual's level of effort (light, moderate, vigorous). **Time** (How Long)- duration of a workout (including warm-up and cool-down) or the length of time spent in training. To improve health-related fitness, trainers recommend 20 to 30 minutes of nonstop exercise. Time should be decreasing as the intensity of the activity is increasing. **Type** (What Kind)- mode of physical activity (swimming, jogging, dancing).  It was used as a way of expression and reinforcing tribal unity and strength.  It is based on superstition and infused with magic. Shamans as lead