PE-11-Unit-1_070515.pdf

Unit 1 PHYSICAL EDUCATION Introduction Physical Education as a subject in the curriculum has been dejectedly uncared for in the past and has suffered many setbacks due to misconceptions among the teachers and administrators who, perhaps, never had the chance to be acquainted more about the field....

Unit 1 PHYSICAL EDUCATION Introduction Physical Education as a subject in the curriculum has been dejectedly uncared for in the past and has suffered many setbacks due to misconceptions among the teachers and administrators who, perhaps, never had the chance to be acquainted more about the field. It is, therefore, necessary that this subject area be properly defined and interpreted so that it will receive its rightful emphasis in the educational program. In this unit, the students taking PATH-FIT 1 - (Physical Activity towards Health and Fitness) as a required subject will comprehend better about the meaning of Physical Education and the coverage of the course. There is almost undispute agreement that optimum health is one's most esteemed possession. Schopenhauer, the German philosopher expressed this thought when he wisely remarked, "the greatest of follies is to neglect one's health for any advantage of life." A study of history of nations shows that advancement is directly related to the physical, mental, and emotional health of the people. In the process of improving and maintaining optimum health, it is necessary for all people of all ages to participate in physical exercise; there is an ample variation in the types of exercise, which are recommended for different age groups. Physical Education: Definition, Goals, Objectives and Functions Physical Education has undergone many vicissitudes and numerous changes of path in the Philippine schools. There was a time when Physical Education was considered as education of the physical, hence, a muscular physique was considered as a physical educated body. The activities then were termed as "drill", "physical training" and "calisthenics". This old concept of physical education would, in all respect, mean today as strengthening the muscles. The newer and modern perception of physical education is that it is education through physical activities. In modern physical education idiom, it is education through "movement." Wunderlich (1967) describes of movement as follows: 1. It provides sensory data. 2. It broadens the perspective horizon. 3. It stimulates function and structure of all bodily organs. 4. It is the means by which an individual learns about himself in relation to his ambient environment. What "education through movement" more particularly entails is the taking of that culture-based family of activities and processes games, dance, gymnastics, athletic sports, and outdoor pursuits as a means "through" which the teacher can help effect enviable outcomes, despite the consequences of whether or not those activities have essential worth of their own. Moreover, Physical Education focuses on the concept of "learn to move, move to learn" An individual must know how to move in order to learn on how to move in order to acquire and learn the needed knowledge in a certain activity. Physical Education Physical Education is an integral part of the education program purposely to promote the optimum development of the individual physically, socially, emotionally, and mentally through total movement in the performance of properly selected physical activities (Andin, 2002). Phase of education concerned with the teaching and learning of skills and attitudes in play activities. It is an aspect of education that may be appropriately described as education through physical exertion. Legal Bases of Teaching Physical Education in the Philippines Setting 1901 Physical exercise was one of the subjects introduced in the public schools and regular program of athletics was developed. 1920 Physical Education was made a required subject in the curriculum of all public schools. 1937 Physical Education was made curricular subject in the secondary school curriculum. 1969 The School of Physical Education and Sports Development Act of 1969. A program of activities included among others: 1. A program of health education and nutrition, 2. A program of physical fitness for all pupils, 3. A program of competitive athletics, 4. A program of intramurals and inter-unit athletic competition within schools, districts, and provinces; and 5. An annual athletic competition within and among regions. 1982 MAPE was introduced and the learning area involves music, arts, and physical education. (Foundation of Physical Education by Carmen Andin) Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Paris (1975) and Recommendation I, Inter-Disciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts in Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Brisbane (1982). The practice of Physical Education and Sports is a fundamental right of All and the right should not be treated as different in principle from the right of adequate food, shelter and medicines. Article XIV Section 19 (1) & (2) of the 1987 Philippine Constitution mandates that: (1)”The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.” (2)”All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.” Functions of Physical Education Physical Education performs three functions which are: 1. Biologic Function -- refers to the enhancement of the individuals' growth and development through body movement. 2. Integrative Function - refers to the personality integration achieved through participation in properly selected physical 3. Social Function -- refers to the transmitting values and standards that are consistent with the needs and ideals of the society. All in all, Physical Education as education "through" movement is best conceived of as being that component of the educational process which aims to improve and complement the individual chiefly through professionally selected and directed physical Major Goal of Physical Education Different people differ in their notion of fitness. In the field of Physical Education, the concept of fitness has implications for physical, social, emotional, and mental well-being. In view of these four aspects, it can be said that FITNESS is the ability to live a healthy, satisfying, and useful life. This type of life is what the educational philosophers and thinkers’ term as the "good life". This is the ultimate goal of education. To live the "good life" means that an individual satisfies the basic needs as physical well-being, love, affection, security and self-respect. He lives blissfully with other people and is interested in them. He has an interest and yearning to serve humanity and believes in and exemplifies high ethical standards. Because of his secure relationship with people and future events, he lives a remarkable and stimulating life. Physical education as a component of the educational system strives to aid or facilitate the development of an individual so that he can achieve total fitness to allow him to envoys the "good life." Therefore, a major goal of physical education is FITNESS. Objectives of Physical Education The following objectives of Physical Education are viewed and stated in terms of their contributions to the outcomes of education and in the curriculum. Physical Development Through cautiously selected physical education activities, an individual who participates energetically will develop and maintain good health and a high level of physical fitness. The attainment of physical skills can motivate an individual who participates further in physical activities; hence, his growth and development will be improved. Social Development Involvement in Physical Education activities provides opportunities for the development of enviable social traits needed for adjustment to the social life in general. Some worthwhile traits are: 1. friendliness 2. cooperation 3. respect for the rights of others 4. good sportsmanship 5. good leadership and followership 6. honesty in group competition Emotional Development The informal nature of physical education activities offers opportunities for self- expression and emotional mastery. Examples of worthwhile emotional traits are: 1. self-confidence 2. self-control 3. self-reliance 4. courage 5. determination Mental Development Through participation in physical education activities, the individual develops his mental capacities as he learns the mechanical principles of underlying movements, as he obtains knowledge and understanding of the rules and strategies of the games and sports, and as he discovers ways of improving his movement in gymnastics and dance. Likewise, it enhances critical thinking how activities are done according to rules, regulations and strategies. Objectives of Physical Education includes also: 1. Knowledge - it enhances critical thinking how activities are done according to rules, regulations and strategies. 2. Physical fitness — improves and maintains the workload of the individual without staggering and undue fatigue after which have time or energy to meet some more emergencies in life. 3. Social to understand oneself; to get along with others for effective living. 4. Motor skills - it is the learning of the fundamental skills necessary for participation in sports and games. 5. Aesthetic— relating or responsive to or appreciative of what is pleasurable to the senses. 6. Nationalism - preservation of cultural heritage through revival of indigenous games, dances and sports. 7. Conservation of natural environment such as protection of forest and aquatic resources. New Directions for Physical Education "All our educational efforts must be directed towards the development of our national goals as a developing country." This focus, contained in the Presidential Decree No. 6-A, is entitled "Educational Development Decree of 1972," the goals of which are: 1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and social progress; 2. To assure the maximum participation of all the people in the attainment.and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth; and 3. To strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable cultural values in the changing world. The foregoing development goals must itself offer direction to the teaching of physical education. How will Physical Education lend significant to these goals? What can the Physical Education teacher do to contribute to the attainment of the goals? The answers to these questions will come to the fore when the purposes of physical education have been well understood. Purposes of Physical Education The Physical Education specialists in our country have identified the following purposes of Physical Education: 1. To develop optimum physical fitness and health of the individual so that he is capable of living the "good life" and contributing his maximum capacity to the attainment of the goals of the "New Society"; 2. To produce individuals who can contribute to the economic well being through: a. the improvement of proper work habits and Work attitudes such as punctuality, cooperation, reliability precision and accuracy, and open-mindedness; and b. proper emphasis on problem-solving skills such that an individual can identify a problem correctly and master the skills necessary or useful in the business world; 3. To train good leaders with moral integrity of the highest order, and develop other desirable traits necessary for effective group participation or group living essential to the New Society through; a. an adequate system of values by equipping the individual to be able to make moral choices or decisions needed in daily living; and b. offering group participation in such experiences as intramural, extramural, play days or sports fests; 4. To develop creativity and innovativeness inspired by an abiding faith in God and love of country and fellowmen; and 5. To install a love of and pride for their preservation, and develop an understanding of the culture of other for a feeling of international brotherhood and unity.