Comparative Study among Some Non-Thermal Technologies for Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, and Fumonisin B1 in Poultry Feed PDF

Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Baghdad College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health A Dissertation Submitted to the Council of the College of Veterinary Medicine/ University...

Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Baghdad College of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health A Dissertation Submitted to the Council of the College of Veterinary Medicine/ University of Baghdad, as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Science of Veterinary Medicine/ Veterinary Public Health By Hiba Salahaldeen Abdulrahman Alnaemi Supervised by Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamara Natik Dawood Prof. Dr. Qais Thanon Algwari 2024 A.D 1445 A.H ‫ت َ ْع َج ْل‬ ‫ق ۗ َو ََل‬ ‫﴿فَتَعَالَى ه‬ ‫َّللاُ ا ْل َم ِل ُك ا ْل َح ُّ‬ ‫ِإلَ ْي َك‬ ‫ض ٰى‬ ‫آن ِمن قَ ْب ِل أَن يُ ْق َ‬ ‫ِبا ْلقُ ْر ِ‬ ‫ب ِز ْد ِني ِع ْل ًما﴾‬ ‫َو ْحيُهُ ۖ َوقُل هر ِ‬ ‫(سورة طه ‪:‬اآلية ‪)114‬‬  Supervisor Certification We certify that this dissertation entitled (Comparative Study among Some Non-Thermal Technologies for Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A, and Fumonisin B1 in Poultry Feed) was carried out by (Hiba Salahaldeen Abdulrahman Alnaemi) has been prepared under our supervision at the College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Baghdad as a Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Philosophy of Doctorate in Science of Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Public Health. The Supervisor The Supervisor Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamara Natik Dawood Prof. Dr. Qais Thanon Algwari College of Veterinary Medicine College of Electronic Engineering University of Baghdad University of Nineveh / / 2024 / / 2024 In view of the available recommendation, I forward this dissertation to debate by the examining committee Prof.Dr. Ahmed Hameed Fathullah Al-Bayati Vice Dean for Postgraduate Studies and Scientific Research College of Veterinary Medicine University of Baghdad / / 2024  Committee Certification We, the members of the examining committee, certify that we have read this thesis entitled: (Comparative Study between Some Non-Thermal Technologies for Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A and Fumonisin B1 in Poultry Feed) presented by the student Hiba Slah Aldeen Abdulrahman Al-Nuaimi from the Department of Veterinary Public Health and we have examined the student in its contents. We have found that it is adequate for the award of the Degree of Philosophy of Doctorate in Science of Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Public Health. Prof. Dr. Name of the Examiner Chairman Assist. Prof. Assist. Prof. Dr. Name of the Examiner Dr. Name of the Examiner Member Member Assist. Prof. Assist. Prof. Dr. Name of the Examiner Dr. Name of the Examiner Member Member Assist. Prof. Prof. Dr. Tamara Natik Dawood Dr. Qais Thanon Algwari Member and Supervisor Member and Supervisor Approved by the council of the College of Veterinary Medicine /University of Baghdad Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohanad Falhi Hamood Prof. Dr. Hameed Ali Kadhim Head of Public Health Department Dean of College of Veterinary Medicine University of Baghdad University of Baghdad / / 2024 / / 2024  Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation is my original work except for quotations and citations, which are fully acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously, and is not concurrently, submitted for any other degree at the University of Baghdad or other institutions. Hiba Salahaldeen Alnaemi / / 2024  Dedication To my source of inspiration, support, and guidance… My father (ALLAH merciful him), my mother, and my sister To the one who was my companion, my support, and my reassurance... My husband (ALLAH merciful him) To the flowers of my heart, my joy and happiness… My sons (Abdullah and Othman) To all my loyal friends I dedicate this effort Hiba, 2024  Thanks and Appreciation Praise be to God, the Great King, who alone is glorious in will and management. I praise Him while acknowledging my inability and shortcomings, and I thank Him for his help and for easing hardship. May peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad al-siraj al-munir, his family, his companions, and those who follow them in goodness until the Day of Judgment. All thanks, gratitude, and appreciation are extended to Ph.D. supervisors, Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamara Natik Dawood and Prof. Dr. Qais Thanon Algwari, for their distinguished efforts and valuable guidance throughout the study period. I extend my deepest thanks and appreciation to the Dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine Prof. Dr. Hamid Ali Kazem, Assistant Dean for Scientific and Student Affairs Prof. Dr. Ahmed Hamid Fathallah, Assistant Dean for Administrative affairs Prof. Dr. Mohammed Thabet Saleh, Head of the Public Health Department Assist. Prof. Dr. Mohanad Falhi Hamood and the teaching staff of the Veterinary Public Health Department for their help in overcoming difficulties and providing facilities. Appreciation and gratitude are also extended to the Dean of the College of Basic Education, Mosul University Assist. Prof. Dr. Safa Aldeen Abdulla Sulyman, Head of the General Science Department Assist. Prof. Dr. Rawa Tariq Hameed, Miss. Saba Mawlood Sulaiman, Dr. Omar Ghayath, Dr. Mohsen Ali Ahmed, and Mr. Ahmed Sade Husein for assistance and providing the corona discharge system and ELISA reader. My gratitude and appreciation to Prof. Dr. Thamer Abd El-Aziz for his statistical advice. I am also grateful to everyone who offered their help, even though I forget to mention their names. Hiba Abstract I Abstract Non-thermal physical technologies including atmospheric pressure corona discharge (CD), plasma-activated water (PAW), and the synergistic effect of ultraviolet C irradiation and ozone (UVC+O 3) have been highlighted recently in the food industry for mycotoxins detoxification, due to their distinctive unique characteristics. The effectiveness of these technologies in mycotoxins detoxification from poultry feeds has not been inspected yet, so the study designed to investigate the efficiency of these technologies in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisin B1 (FB1) detoxification from naturally contaminated poultry feeds with setting the effective criteria for their detoxification and evaluating their impacts on the feed nutritional components and peroxide values (PVs). Mycotoxin levels were estimated by competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and results were corroborated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Feed composition analyses with PVs estimation were implemented according to standard analytical methods. Results recorded co-occurrence of AFB1 and FB1 in all sixty samples examined (100%), while AFB1, OTA, and FB1 co-occurred in 53 samples Abstract II (88.33%) at values ranging between 3.15–43.96, 0–168.24, and 220.6– 6935.12 µg/kg, respectively. Results revealed that 38.33% and 10% of feed samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits for AFB1 and OTA established by European Commission (EC), respectively, while all feed samples were within the EC limit for FB1. During CD application, feed samples were exposed to CD for six durations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) at three distances (1.5, 2.5, and 3.5 cm). Results exhibited that ozone was the most prominent estimated reactive species generated. A significant increment (P