GE 8 Ethics PDF

GE 8 Friday, September 6, 2024 10:34 AM Ethics “ethos”- custom (manner & behave) Latin — mos /none (morality) Foundation of laws refers to a set of moral principles or values that guide individual behavior and decision-making, often influenced by cultural, philosophical, or person...

GE 8 Friday, September 6, 2024 10:34 AM Ethics “ethos”- custom (manner & behave) Latin — mos /none (morality) Foundation of laws refers to a set of moral principles or values that guide individual behavior and decision-making, often influenced by cultural, philosophical, or personal beliefs. Ethics deal with questions of right and wrong and how one should act in various situations. Principles- Study of Morality Morality refers to the principles and standards that determine what is considered right and wrong behavior. It involves a system of beliefs about how individuals should act towards others, based on concepts of justice, fairness, and well-being. Morality is often influenced by cultural, religious, and philosophical views, and it guides personal conduct and decision-making in various situations. It encompasses the norms and values that shape our understanding of ethical behavior. Law actions “public” on the other hand, consists of formal rules and regulations established by governmental bodies to maintain social order and justice. Laws are enforceable through legal institutions and have specific penalties for violations. ETHICS vs LAW In summary, ethics guide personal behavior based on moral values, while law sets out formal rules that are legally enforceable. Sometimes, ethical principles and legal requirements align, but they don't always coincide. ETHICS vs RELIGION Ethics It can be secular or non-secular and is often based on rational reasoning, philosophical arguments, and societal norms. Ethics focuses on individual and collective behavior and decision-making, regardless of religious beliefs. Religion involves specific systems of beliefs, practices, and moral codes related to the worship of a deity or deities. Religious ethics are often grounds under in sacred texts, doctrines, and teachings specific to a particular faith tradition. In essence, while ethics can be secular and philosophical, religion provides a moral framework based on spiritual or divine authority. ETHICS PRACTICAL DISCIPLINE Do not think ethics as Academic Endeavors Present Reality Do not teach ethics through fear Ethics doesn’t requires intellectual capacity Ethics can be taught rightly Ethics- branch of philosophy known as moral philosophy Material object of ethics- Human conduct- Human is conscious of which proceeds from one’s deliberation & freewill, morality, responsible. DIVISION OF ETHICS: General Ethics Deals with the morality of human act Special Ethics (Applied) specific both individual and social domain Norm- understood as a rule, standard, or measure Richard Gula- define norm as the criteria of judgment about the softs of person we ought to be and the sorts of actions we ought to perform. Ramon Reyes- In his book “The ground and norm of morality” express what is proper of what is good and right. Technical norm- refer mainly to man’s need (survival, health, and, well being) Societal Norm- has to do with the need for group cohesion strengthening the bonds to keep the community together. Aesthetic Norm- this refers to typical perceptual forms regarding colors, shape, movement, sound, feeling, and emotion. Ethical and moral norm- refers to some ideal vision, an ideal stage or perfection which serve as the ultimate goal. Michael Moga- The experience of morality is part of life CHARACTER OF MORAL PRINCIPLES REASONABILITY- moral judgment must be backed by good reason IMPARTIALITY- an ethical or moral rule should be neutral when it comes to the question as to who are its recipients PRESCIRPTIVITY- the practical or action guiding nature of morality OVERRIDINGNESS- moral standards must have hegemony. AUTONOMOUS FROM ARBITRARY AUTHORITY- moral standards should on their own logic independent of the arbitrariness of the majority. PUBLICITY- moral rules and principles must be made public if they are to see as clear guidelines to our actions. PRACTICABILITY- moral rules should not be impossible to achieve or else they are not for men but for angels. UNIVERSABILITY- a moral rule or principles must be applicable to everyone without exception, provided of course that all people are in a relevantly similar situation context.