Intellectual Disability & ADHD PDF

Intellectual disability A term used when there are limits to a person’s ability to learn at an expected level and function in daily life. Levels of intellectual disability vary greatly in children. Children with intellectual disability might have a hard time letting others know their wants and needs...

Intellectual disability A term used when there are limits to a person’s ability to learn at an expected level and function in daily life. Levels of intellectual disability vary greatly in children. Children with intellectual disability might have a hard time letting others know their wants and needs, and taking care of themselves. are generally assessed through the use of standardized individually administered IQ tests. Signs sit up, crawl, or walk later than other children learn to talk later, or have trouble speaking find it hard to remember things have trouble understanding social rules have trouble seeing the results of their actions have trouble solving problem Classification Heber (1959, 1961) linked his description of “retardation in measured intelligence” to the following IQ scores: “borderline”(IQ range of 70–84), “mild” (IQ range of 55–69), “moderate” (IQ range of 40– 54), “severe” (IQ range of 25–39), and “profound” (IQ below 25). Definition and Examples of Intensities of Supports Intermittent Supports. Supports on an “as needed basis.” Characterized by episodic nature, person not always needing the support(s). Limited Supports. An intensity of supports characterized by consistency over time, time-limited but not of an intermittent nature Extensive Supports. This is characterized by regular involvement (e.g., daily) Pervasive Supports. This is characterized by their constancy and high intensity, provided across environments, potentially life-sustaining in nature. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects the functioning of the brain. It seems to be due to abnormalities in the dopamine system and a change in frontal lobe development. While its cause is unknown, it is considered a genetic disorder, with environmental factors (e.g. diet, physical and social environments) playing a small role in its etiology. The following factors can increase the risk of ADHD: Very low birth weight Premature birth Exceptional early adversity ADHD is diagnosed based on reported behaviors or psychiatric assessment. The primary symptoms associated with ADHD are inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. However, fine and gross motor skills are affected in around 30 to 50 percent of children with ADHD, particularly in the predominantly inattentive and combined ADHD group. These motor problems are often ignored due to behavior difficulties, but children typically struggle with: Dressing, Handwriting, Learning to ride a bicycle and Tying shoelaces