Communication Principles, Ethics And Processes - PDF

Lesson 1: COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES, ETHICS AND PROCESSES Prepared by: Prof. Feza Satosa-Edem  “ “Communication sometimes is not what you first hear, listen not just to the words, but listen for the reason.” - Catherine Pulsifer 2 Preliminary Questions 1....

Lesson 1: COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES, ETHICS AND PROCESSES Prepared by: Prof. Feza Satosa-Edem  “ “Communication sometimes is not what you first hear, listen not just to the words, but listen for the reason.” - Catherine Pulsifer 2 Preliminary Questions 1. Why do people communicate? 2. What might happen to the world if communication does not exist? 3. Why do miscommunications and 4 misunderstandings happen? Introduction ▹ Communication is inevitable. Our need for self-expression leads us to communicate not only our thoughts but also our feelings. Communication may be 5 done verbally or not verbally. A simple yawn from a member of the audience in a public speaking engagement is a non- verbal message sent to the speaker. On the other hand, a phone call inquiring about a certain product is an example of a verbal message. Introduction ▹ Communication is understood as the process of meaning-making through a channel or a medium It comes from the Latin communicare, meaning to share or 6 to make ideas common. The connection that encompasses interaction among partakers is at the center of your learning of communication.  The Components of the Communication Process Source ▹ The sender carefully crafts the message. The sender may be 8 anyone: an author of a book, a public speaker in a special occasion or even a traffic enforcer Message ▹ The message is the reason behind any interaction. It is the meaning 9 shared between the sender and the receiver. Messages take many forms. They could mean poems, songs, essays, news articles, road signs and even symbols. Channel ▹ The channel is the means by which a message is conveyed. When we answer a phone call, the phone is the channel. On 10 the other hand, when your parents receive a notification of your absences from school, the channel is a letter. It is the responsibility of both the sender and the receiver to choose the best channel for the interaction. Feedback ▹ In any communication scenario, a feedback is essential to confirm recipient understanding. Feedbacks, like 11 messages, are expressed in varied forms. A simple nod for a question of verification is considered a feedback. Thus, feedbacks may be written, spoken or acted out. Environment ▹ The place, the feeling, the mood, the mind-set and the condition of both sender and receiver are called the 12 environment. The environment may involve the physical set-up of a location where communication takes place, the space occupied by both the sender and the receiver, including the objects surrounding the sender and receiver. Context ▹ Context involves the expectations of the sender and the receiver and 13 the common or shared understanding through the environmental signals. Interference ▹ Interference is also known as barrier or block that prevents 14 effective communication to take place. Kinds of Interference ▹ a. Psychological barriers are thoughts that hamper the message to be interpreted correctly by the receiver. 15 ▹ b. Physical barriers include competing stimulus, weather and climate, health and ignorance of the medium. Kinds of Interference ▹ c. Linguistic and cultural barriers pertain to the language and its cultural environment. Words may mean another in different cultures. 16 ▹ d. Mechanical barriers are those raised by the channels employed for interpersonal, group or mass communication. These include cellphones, laptops and other gadgets used in communication  The Nine Principles of Effective Communication 1. Clarity ▹ Clarity makes speeches understandable. Fuzzy language is absolutely forbidden, as are jargons, cliche expressions, euphemisms and double speak language. 18 2. Concreteness ▹ Concreteness reduces misunderstandings. Messages must be supported by facts such as research data, statistics or figures. To achieve concreteness, abstract words must be avoided. 3. Courtesy ▹ Courtesy builds goodwill. It involves being polite in terms of approach and manner of addressing an individual. 19 4. Correctness ▹ Glaring mistakes in grammar obscures the meaning of a sentence. Also, the misuse of language can damage your credibility. 5. Consideration ▹ Messages must be geared towards the audience. The sender of a message must consider the recipient's profession level of education, race, ethnicity, hobbies, interests, passions, advocacies and age 20 when drafting or delivering a message. 6. Creativity ▹ Creativity in communication means having the ability to craft interesting messages in terms of sentence structure and word choice. 7. Conciseness ▹ Simplicity and directness help you to be concise. Avoid using lengthy expressions and words that may confuse the recipient. 21 8. Cultural Sensitivity ▹ Today, with the increasing emphasis on empowering diverse cultures, lifestyles, and races and the pursuit for gender equality, cultural sensitivity becomes an important standard for effective communication. 9. Captivating ▹ You must strive to make messages interesting to command more attention and better responses. 22  Ethical Considerations in Communication Ethics is a branch of philosophy that focuses on issues of right and wrong in human affairs. ▹ Ethical Communicators: ￭ Respect audience ￭ Consider the result of communication 24 ￭ Value truth ￭ Use information correctly ￭ Do not falsify information THANKS! 25 Any questions? Activity 1. Illustrate the communication process through a diagram. 2. Identify possible communication blocks in the following situations: ￭ a written letter of complaint ￭ interaction between a nurse and a patient in 27 pain ￭ songs with figurative language 3. Through a slogan, state how the knowledge of the communication process aids people in communicating effectively.  In this lesson, I learned that to be an 28 effective and ethical communicator, I… References ▹ Krizan, A.C. et.al (2014). Business Communication and Report Writing: A Practical Approach 29 ▹ Osborn, M., and Osborn, S. (2009). Public Speaking ▹ Wakat, G.S. (2018). Purposive Communication COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION Prepared by: Prof. Feza Satosa-Edem  2 “Communication is the key for any global business” -Anita Roddick Preliminary Questions  4 1. What is the image saying about the world today? 2. What do you think has contributed to the easy access and exchange of information these days? Why? 3. In transacting or communicating in a global setting, what vital preparations must be done? Why? Image from https://www.alert-software.com/ Introduction 5 ▫ Globalization is the communication and assimilation among individuals, ethnicities, races, institutions, governments of various nations supported by technology and compelled by international trade. Due to globalization, the more you become exposed to diversity - the valuing of the uniqueness or differences in gender preference, color, age, religious affiliation, ethnicity, education, social and economic status and political beliefs. ▫ Globalization is not a new process of concept. Years before the advent oftechnology, people had been purchasing and selling each other properties, goods and other objects of certain value. Communication and Globalization  7 ▫ Communication has since been increasingly global, blurring national boundaries The ability to communicate effectively in a global setting can be a challenge. Hence, to effectively communicate in a global context, a general understanding of the differences in conducting communication from one country to another or from one culture to another helps avoid miscommunication.  8 ▫ People's background and experiences influence their view of the world and the values, beliefs and behavior patterns assumed to be good. The following are possible cultural barriers to effective communication in a global environment:  9 Lack ofLanguage Cultural Differences Discrimination knowledge and harassment of others' Relativism culture  10 ▫ To get the desired outcome or response, the mentioned barriers must be properly addressed. It is the responsibility of the parties involved in the communication process to eliminate the possible hindrances in their exchange. The goal of effective global communication is to achieve communication that gets the desired response leading to harmonious connections.  11 ▫ Krizan (2014) suggests these strategies to become an effective global communicator: 1. Review communication principles 2. Analyze the message receiver 3. Be open to an accepting of other cultures 4. Learn about cultures and apply what is learned. 5. Consider language needs,  12 THANKS! Any questions? ACTIVITY  14 ▫ Watch the video "Wiring a Web for Global Good" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7rrJAC84FA). Study the speech. In a form of a reaction paper, answer the following questions: a. What global issues have emerged because of miscommunication? b. How can effective communication and language use contribute to the creation of a truly global society? References 15 ▫ Krizan, A.C. et.al (2014). Business Communication and Report Writing: A Practical Approach ▫ Osborn, M., and Osborn, S. (2009). Public Speaking ▫ Wakat, G.S. (2018). Purposive Communication  LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS Prepared by: Prof. Feza Satosa-Edem  “ If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” - Nelson Mandela 2 Preliminary Activity  1. I am interested in interacting with people who are both like me and different from me. 2. I am sensitive to the concerns of all minority and majority groups in our multicultural country. How do you get 3. I can sense when persons from other cultures seem to communicate not to understand me or get confused by my actions. effectively 4. I have no fear communicating with persons from across cultures? both minor and major cultural groups. Indicate 5. People from other cultures may get angry with my cultural affiliates. whether you a. I deal with conflicts with people from agree or other cultures depending on the situation disagree with and their cultural background. each of the 6. My culture is inferior to other cultures. following 7. I can manage my behavior when dealing with statements: people of different cultures. 8. I show respect to the diverse communication practices of other people. 4 NOT The more number of agreements you have indicates the more prepared you are in expanding your communication arena by E welcoming people from different cultures 5  Living in globalized world you encounter people with diverse cultural backgrounds Such interactions occur in social, educational, political, and commercial settings. Hence, in today's of increased global communication, it Introductio is imperative to understand intercultural communication for us to enhance our n intercultural awareness and competence. Intercultural competence is essential for us to live harmoniously despite the differences in culture 6  Intercultural Communication 7  ◦ refers to interaction with people from diverse cultures (Jandt, 1998). ◦ According to Gamble and Gamble (2008), communication style among cultures differs; it may be high-context or low- Intercultural context communication. communication ◦ High-context communication is a tradition- linked communication system which adheres strongly to being indirect. Low- context communication is a system that works an straightforward communication. 8  1. Interracial communication - communicating with people from different races. 2. Interethnic communication - interacting with people of different ethnic origin Forms of 3. International communication - Intercultural communicating between representatives from Communication different nations. (Jandt, 1998) 4. Intracultural communication - interacting with members of the same racial or ethnic group or co-culture 9 Improving Intercultural Communication Competence 10  The following guidelines may help you 1. Recognize the validity and differences of enhance your communication styles among people. ability to 2. Learn to eliminate personal biases and communicate prejudices. effectively 3. Strive to acquire communication skills across cultures necessary in a multicultural world. (Gamble & Gamble, 2008). 11 Activity 12 ◦ In what specific ways can you enhance your ability to communicate with people from diverse cultures? ◦ “Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and customs keep them apart." (Confucius) Do you agree or disagree? Give concrete situations to support your stand. ◦ Identify a country where graduates of your program or field of specialization are in demand. Research on the various cultural modes of communication that a newly hired employee in that country should remember. Based on your research, prepare three-to four-minute presentation. 13 14 THANKS! Any questions? 15  ◦ Krizan, A.C. et.al (2014). Business Communication and Report Writing: A Practical Approach ◦ Osborn, M., and Osborn, S. References (2009). Public Speaking ◦ Wakat, G.S. (2018). Purposive Communication 16