Neuroimaging Lecture 5 PDF
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Uploaded by AmenableHurdyGurdy5261
University College London, University of London
Kate Merritt
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Summary
This lecture provides an overview of neuroimaging techniques and their applications in studying psychosis and schizophrenia. It discusses various methods like MRI, PET, and EEG, with detailed information on their respective uses. The lecture further examines the role of neuroimaging in understanding cognitive and biological models related to psychosis. It also introduces different methods and their usage in clinical diagnosis.
Full Transcript
Neuroimaging: Kate Merritt Class Prep: Key: Preparatory Lecture - included in main notes Additional: Read: Neuroimaging Biomarkers to Predict Treatment Response in Schizophrenia: The End of 30 Year...
Neuroimaging: Kate Merritt Class Prep: Key: Preparatory Lecture - included in main notes Additional: Read: Neuroimaging Biomarkers to Predict Treatment Response in Schizophrenia: The End of 30 Years of Solitude? Read: Using Neuroimaging to Help Predict the Onset of Psychosis Optional - Read: What Can We Learn About Bipolar Disorder From Large- Scale Neuroimaging: Findings and Future Directions from the Bipolar Disorder Working Group Optional - Read: Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Schizophrenia Notes: Why the brain? The final common pathway: Obstetric complications Childhood trauma Marginalised group status Genetic risk Substance use Individual economic Neighbourhood level factors Why use neuroimaging in Psychosis research? It can tell us about: Aetiology Cognitive/biological models of psychosis Untitled 1 Diagnosis and classification Therapeutics / pharmaco-therapeutics Neuroimaging Methods MRI PET & SPECT EEG & MEG Structural = sMRI, DTI Functional = fMRI Neurochemical = MRS Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional Functional Positron Emission Tomography Requires the injection of a radio-tracer that will combine to a receptor of interest - then measure the radioactivity Aetiology (cause) Untitled 2 Structural Johnstone et al. 1976: using CT scanning - found enlarged ventricular size in patients with schizophrenia → decrease in brain tissue (grey matter) Initial neuroimaging studies were structural. Johnstone was first imagine paper in schizophrenia. What is ‘Clinical High Risk’ Psychosis Continuum Schizophrenia not as a categorical illness → it’s a dimensional/continuous concept (e.g. boundaries of arterial blood pressure above which hypertension is diagnosed) A categorical division is imposed at the point at which is seems useful to initiate treatment The idea of a dimension makes us think about causal factors operating in the general population Groups with a Clinical High Risk for psychosis are now identified in early- detection services worldwide Psychosis at-Risk States Clinical High Risk Criteria for Clinical High Risk Criteria for Bipolar Psychosis: Disorder: Attenuated psychosis syndrome Sub-threshold mania Brief Limited Intermittent Depression + cyclothymic features Psychosis (BLIP,
