Patricia Benner's Novice to Expert Theory (PDF)

PATRICIA BENNER AUGUST 1942 BY FELY TRANSFIGURACION LIM RN MAN DNM  Learning Objectives At the end of this class, the learner should be able to: 1. Comprehend the important concepts of the theory of Benner 2. Relate the concepts of the theory of Benner in everyday e...

PATRICIA BENNER AUGUST 1942 BY FELY TRANSFIGURACION LIM RN MAN DNM  Learning Objectives At the end of this class, the learner should be able to: 1. Comprehend the important concepts of the theory of Benner 2. Relate the concepts of the theory of Benner in everyday events.  Background and Credentials Born on August 1942, in Hampton, Virginia but grew up in California EDUCATION 1964 - Bachelor of Arts degree in nursing from Pasadena College. 1970 - Master of Science in Medical-Surgical Nursing from the University of California at San Francisco !982 - Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley  Background and Credentials Late 1960s, Head Nurse of the Coronary Care Unit at the Kansas City General Hospital and an Intensive Care Staff Nurse at the Stanford University Hospital and Medical Center. 1970 until 1975, she was a Research Associate at the University of California at San Francisco School of Nursing. Research Assistant to Richard S. Lazarus at the University of California at Berkeley. 1979 -1981, Project Director at the San Francisco Consortium/University of San Francisco for a project achieving methods of intraprofessional consensus, assessment, and evaluation. Since 1982, Dr Benner has been working in research and teaching at the University of California at San Francisco School of Nursing.  Background and Credentials Published nine books including Novice to Expert, Nursing Pathways for Patient Safety and the Primacy of Caring. Published many articles Received many awards NOVICE TO EXPERT THEORY DR. PATRICIA BENNER  BENNER’S NOVICE TO EXPERT THEORY Asserts nurses develop their knowledge and skill by obtaining experiences collected over a course of time as well as having an education background. AKA Benner's Stages of Clinical Competence Application to Nursing of the Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition The Dreyfus Model Of SkillAcquisition MAJOR CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS NOVICE TO EXPERT THEORY PATRICIA BENNER  NOVICE No experience Theoretical performer Rule-governed behavior – limited and inflexible. Focus: Skill Development Ex. Newly-hired RN  ADVANCED BEGINNER Observation, perception Marginally- acceptable performance Guided by rules and are oriented by task completion Focus: Confidence Ex. Probationary RN (1-6 mos.)  COMPETENT Experience – learns from mistakes Consistency, predictability and time management Have mastery and ability to cope with many nursing problems. Focus: Innovation and Creativeness Ex. Full-time RN (1-2 yrs.)  PROFICIENT Perceives situations as a whole Maxims – principles of lawand jurisprudence Long-term goals. Much more involvement with patient and family Focus: Leadership Ex. Charge Nurse (3-5 yrs  EXPERT Understands every situation and provides appropriate action without losing time Intuition. Can see the unexpected FOCUS: Analysis and Planning Ex. Nurse Unit Manager (>5 yrs)  Definition of Terms Well-being is the human experience of health or wholeness Illness is the human experience of loss or dysfunction Disease is what can be assessed at the physical level MAJOR ASSUMPTIONS NOVICE TO EXPERT THEORY PATRICIA BENNER  NURSING Nursing is caring relationships Caring practice whose science is guided by the moral art and ethics of care and responsibility Lived experiences of health, illness and disease and their relationships with each other.  PERSON Self- interpreting being Does not come into the world predefined but gets defined in the course of living a life A participant in common meanings  HEALTH Health is what can be assessed, whereas well- being is the human experience of health and wellness Not just the absence of disease and illness A person may have a disease and not experience illness  SITUATION Situation is used instead of environment Situation conveys a social environment with social definition and meaning. Person’s past, present and future aspects that influences the current situation.  ACCEPTANCE BY NURSING COMMUNITY NOVICE TO EXPERT THEORY PATRICIA BENNER  PRACTICE Useful for preceptor development, orientation program, career development Nurses presents their clinical narratives during symposia, to recognize and further develop clinical knowledge Basis for differentiating clinical knowledge development and career progression  EDUCATION It can help nursing students to understand their development and growth and to chart a course for their future careers. It can also inform nursing education and curriculum design by providing a roadmap for developing nursing skills and knowledge. To support the development of novice nurses, nursing education must include opportunities for simulation, mentorship, and ongoing education.  RESEARCH Used in several studies and research CRITIQUE  CLARITY The clarity of this theory has led to its use among nurses around the world.  SIMPLICITY Relatively simple with regard to the five stages of skill acquisition and it provides a comparative guide for identifying levels of nursing practice from individual nurse descriptions and observation and interpretations validated by consensus.  GENERALITY Has universal characteristics Not restricted by age, illness, health or location  ACCESSEBILITY Clinical nurses around the world used this theory enthusiastically. Nurses found understanding of their practice in terms of what they did in specific patient situ by this theoryations validated and enhanced  IMPORTANCE Influenced major changes in nursing practice, research, teaching and administration It advocated developing knowledge from clinical nursing practice It frames nursing practice in the context of what a nurse actually is, and does