Patricia Benner's Theory of Nursing PDF

PATRICIA BENNER, RN, PhD, FAAN, FRCN  Patricia Benner Born August 1942 (Hampton Virginia) Nationality American Fields Nursing theory, nursing education Institutions University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Alma mater...

PATRICIA BENNER, RN, PhD, FAAN, FRCN  Patricia Benner Born August 1942 (Hampton Virginia) Nationality American Fields Nursing theory, nursing education Institutions University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Alma mater Pasadena City College Pasadena College USCF University of California, Berkeley Known for From Novice to Expert Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice Influences Hubert Dreyfus, Stuart Dreyfus, Maurice Merleau-Ponty Martin Heidegger Notable Awards Living Legend of the American Academy of Nursing (2011) Dr. Benner is the author of books including: 1. From Novice to Expert 2. The Primacy of Caring 3. Interpretative Phenomenology: Embodiment, Caring and Ethics in Health and Illness 4. The Crisis of Care 5. Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgement, Ethics 6. Caregiving 7. Clinical Wisdom and Interventions in Critical Care: A thinking-In-Action Approach  Patricia Benner ❖ An internationally noted researcher and lecturer on health, stress, and coping, skill acquisition and ethics. ❖ Recently elected an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Nursing ❖ Staff nurse in the areas of medical-surgical, emergency room, coronary care, intensive care units and homes care. ❖ Currently, her research includes the study of nursing practice in intensive care units and nursing ethics  An Influential Nurse in the Development of the Profession of Nursing Patricia Benner’s research and theory work provides the profession of nursing with what we now know as the Novice to Expert model, also known as Benner’s Stages of Clinical Competence. Benner’s work as applied to the nursing profession is adapted from the Dreyfus Mode of Skill Acquisition Dreyfus Mode of Skill Acquisition  Patricia Benner ❖ Categorized nursing into 5 levels of capabilities: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. ❖ She believed experience in the clinical setting is key to nursing because it allows Aa nurse to continuously expand their knowledge base and to provide holistic, competent care to the patient. ❖ Her research was aimed at discovering if there were distinguishable, characteristics in the novice’s and expert’s descriptions of the same clinical incident Stage I: NOVICE ❖ The person has no background experience of the situation in which he or she is involved. ❖ There is difficulty discerning between relevant aspects of the situation ❖ No experience (student nurse) ❖ Performance is limited, flexible and governed by context free rules and regulations rather than experience  Novice These inexperienced nurses function at the level of instruction from nursing school. They are unable to make the leap from the classroom lecture to individual patients. Often, they apply rules learned in nursing school to all patients and are unable to discern individual patient needs. These nurses are usually new graduates, or those nurses who return to the workplace after a long absence and are re-educated in refresher programs. Stage II: ADVANCED BEGINNER ❖ The advance beginner in the Dreyfus model develops when the person can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance having copied with enough real situations to note, or to have pointed out by mentor, the recurring meaningful components of the situation ❖ Nurses functioning as this level are guided by rules and oriented by task completion ❖ Still requires mentor or experienced nurse to assist with defining situations, to set priorities, and to integrate practical knowledge Stage III: COMPETENT PRACTITIONER ❖ 2 – 3 years of experience ❖ The competent stage is the most pivotal in clinical learning because the learner must begin to recognize patterns and determine which elements of the situation warrant attention and which can be ignored ❖ The competent nurse devised new rules and reasoning procedures for a plan while applying learned rules for action on the basis of the relevant facts of that situation Stage IV : PROFICIENT PRACTITIONER ❖ 3-5 years of experience ❖ “The nurse possesses a deep understanding of situations as they occur, less conscious planning is necessary, critical thinking and decision-making skills have developed “ (Frisch, 2009) ❖ Perceive situation as a whole rather than in terms of parts ❖ Uses maxims as guides fore what to consider in a situation ❖ Has holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision making ❖ Focus on long term goal/ Stage V : EXPERT PRACTITIONER ❖ 5 years or greater in the same area of nursing (experienced nurses changing areas of nursing practice may progress more quickly through the five stages) ❖ The expert performer no longer relies on an analytic principle (rule, guideline, maxim) to connect her or his understanding of the situation to an appropriate action. ❖ The expert nurse, with an enormous background of experience, now has an intuitive grasp of each situation and zeroes in on the accurate region. ❖ The expert operates from a deep understanding of the total situation THANK YOU!