Pathology Questions PDF

Pathology questions : Choose the correct answer : 1. A child developed allergic reaction to chocolate. What is the main inflammatory cell? neutrophils eosinophils lymphocytes plasma 2. Which describes an abscess related to hair follicle? Carbuncle Furancle...

Pathology questions : Choose the correct answer : 1. A child developed allergic reaction to chocolate. What is the main inflammatory cell? neutrophils eosinophils lymphocytes plasma 2. Which describes an abscess related to hair follicle? Carbuncle Furancle sinus Scar 3.What is the first stem in extravasation of the inflammatory cells? Rolling Margination Adhesion diapedesis 4.what is the main inflammatory cell in acute inflammation? lymphocytes neutrophils plasma giant 5.What is the main cell in granuloma? Fibroblast lymphocytes epithelioid giant 6.DNA cellular damage is a cause of: Physiologic necrosis Cellular degeneration Physiologic apoptosis Pathologic apoptosis 7. Degeneration means: Necrosis Apoptosis Reversible cell injury Irreversible cell injury 8. Cellular swelling is a common feature seen in the process of: Putrefaction Autophagy Apoptosis Necrosis 9.Reversible cell injury is characterized by: Occurs in mild form of injury Occurs when injury lasts for long duration Occurs in late stages of the disease Occurs in severe form of injury 10. Cells with signet ring appearance could be seen in: Hydropic swelling Cloudy swelling fatty change Irreversible cell injury New one 1. Which of the following is NOT an aim of inflammation? o A) Fighting bacteria o B) Localizing infection o C) Removal of damaged tissue o D) Causing tissue damage 2. Which type of inflammation is characterized by a fast onset and mainly involves neutrophils? o A) Acute inflammation o B) Chronic inflammation o C) Granulomatous inflammation o D) Allergic inflammation 3. Which cell type is primarily involved in chronic inflammation? o A) Neutrophils o B) Lymphocytes o C) Eosinophils  o D) Mast cells 4. What is the main function of histamine in the vascular response during inflammation? o A) Phagocytosis o B) Vasodilation o C) Chemotaxis o D) Antibody production 5. Which of the following is a feature of the inflammatory fluid exudate? o A) Low protein content o B) High specific gravity o C) Clear appearance o D) Absence of neutrophils 6. What is chemotaxis in the context of inflammation? o A) The ingestion of bacteria by phagocytes o B) The movement of leukocytes towards the site of inflammation o C) The release of histamine from mast cells o D) The formation of granulomas 7. Which chemical mediator is known for increasing vascular permeability during inflammation? o A) Histamine o B) Serotonin o C) Prostaglandins o D) Nitric oxide 8. What is the primary role of neutrophils in acute inflammation? o A) Antibody production o B) Phagocytosis of pathogens o C) Release of histamine o D) Formation of granulomas 9. Which of the following is a possible outcome of acute inflammation? o A) Resolution o B) Chronicity o C) Spread of infection o D) All of the above 10. What characterizes suppurative inflammation? o A) Formation of granulomas o B) Presence of pus o C) Absence of neutrophils o D) Lack of tissue injury …… 1. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of chronic inflammation? o A) Rapid onset o B) Predominance of neutrophils o C) Formation of granulomas  o D) Absence of tissue damage 2. Which mediator is primarily responsible for the pain associated with inflammation? o A) Histamine o B) Bradykinin o C) Serotonin o D) Nitric oxide 3. What is the primary function of eosinophils in inflammation? o A) Phagocytosis of bacteria o B) Response to parasitic infections and allergies o C) Antibody production o D) Release of histamine 4. Which of the following is NOT a component of the inflammatory exudate? o A) High protein content o B) Neutrophils o C) Low specific gravity o D) Fibrinogen 5. Which process involves the movement of leukocytes from the bloodstream to the site of inflammation? o A) Phagocytosis o B) Chemotaxis o C) Diapedesis o D) Opsonization 6. Which of the following is a systemic manifestation of acute inflammation? o A) Localized redness o B) Fever o C) Formation of abscess o D) Granuloma formation 7. What is the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in inflammation? o A) Vasoconstriction o B) Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability o C) Antibody production o D) Formation of granulomas 8. Which type of inflammation is characterized by the presence of pus? o A) Serous inflammation o B) Fibrinous inflammation o C) Suppurative inflammation o D) Granulomatous inflammation 9. Which of the following is a key event in the vascular response during inflammation? o A) Vasoconstriction o B) Vasodilation o C) Decreased vascular permeability o D) Formation of granulomas 10. Which cell type is primarily involved in the formation of granulomas? o A) Neutrophils o B) Macrophages o C) Eosinophils  o D) Mast cells …………………………. 1. What is a boil (furuncle)? o A) A small abscess related to a hair follicle or sebaceous gland o B) A large abscess unrelated to hair follicles o C) A diffuse inflammation of the skin o D) A chronic inflammatory condition 2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a carbuncle? o A) Single abscess o B) Multiple communicating abscesses o C) Non-infectious inflammation o D) Localized inflammation without pus 3. Which group is at higher risk for developing carbuncles? o A) Children o B) Diabetics o C) Athletes o D) Elderly 4. What is the common site for carbuncles? o A) Arms o B) Legs o C) Back of the neck o D) Abdomen 5. Which organism is commonly associated with diffuse suppurative inflammation? o A) Staphylococcus aureus o B) Streptococcus haemolyticus o C) Escherichia coli o D) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6. Which enzymes are produced by Streptococcus haemolyticus in diffuse suppurative inflammation? o A) Fibrinolysin and hyaluronidase o B) Coagulase and catalase o C) Lipase and protease o D) Amylase and lactase 7. Which of the following is an example of diffuse suppurative inflammation? o A) Abscess o B) Furuncle o C) Cellulitis o D) Granuloma 8. What is the characteristic appearance of pus in an abscess? o A) Thin and sanguineous o B) Thick and yellow o C) Clear and watery o D) Green and frothy 9. Which mechanism is involved in the spread of cellulitis?  o A) Excess fibrin production o B) Fibrinolysin and hyaluronidase activity o C) Formation of granulomas o D) Antibody production 10. What is the difference in the spread between abscess and cellulitis? o A) Abscess spreads more commonly o B) Cellulitis spreads more commonly o C) Both spread equally o D) Neither spreads ……………….. 1. Which of the following is NOT a type of acute non-suppurative inflammation? o A) Haemorrhagic o B) Allergic o C) Suppurative o D) Membranous 2. Catarrhal inflammation is commonly associated with which condition? o A) Pleuritis o B) Rhinitis o C) Diphtheria o D) Appendicitis 3. Which type of inflammation is characterized by excess watery fluid exudate? o A) Catarrhal inflammation o B) Serous inflammation o C) Membranous inflammation o D) Fibrinous inflammation 4. What is the main component of a granuloma? o A) Neutrophils o B) Epithelioid cells o C) Plasma cells o D) Mast cells 5. Which of the following is a cause of chronic inflammation? o A) Acute infection o B) Persistence of infection o C) Immediate exposure to an insult o D) Short-term exposure to an irritant 6. Which of the following is an example of a granuloma with caseation? o A) Sarcoidosis o B) Crohn’s disease o C) Tuberculosis o D) Silicosis 7. Which type of granuloma is associated with cat scratch disease? o A) Granuloma with caseation o B) Granuloma without caseation o C) Suppurative granuloma  o D) Foreign body granuloma 8. Which of the following is NOT a component of a granuloma? o A) Epithelioid cells o B) Giant cells o C) Lymphocytes o D) Neutrophils 9. Which organism is associated with granulomas in leprosy? o A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis o B) Mycobacterium leprae o C) Treponema pallidum o D) Leishmania 10. Which type of inflammation is characterized by fibrin patches, as seen in diphtheria? o A) Catarrhal inflammation o B) Serous inflammation o C) Pseudomembranous inflammation o D) Allergic inflammation ………………………… 1. Which of the following is the main component of a granuloma? o A) Neutrophils o B) Epithelioid cells o C) Plasma cells o D) Mast cells 2. Which type of giant cell is commonly found in granulomas associated with tuberculosis? o A) Foreign body giant cell o B) Langhans giant cell o C) Touton giant cell o D) Osteoclast-like giant cell 3. Which of the following is NOT a component of a granuloma? o A) Epithelioid cells o B) Giant cells o C) Lymphocytes o D) Neutrophils 4. Which type of granuloma is characterized by caseation necrosis? o A) Granuloma without caseation o B) Suppurative granuloma o C) Granuloma with caseation o D) Foreign body granuloma  5. Which condition is associated with granulomas without caseation? o A) Tuberculosis o B) Sarcoidosis o C) Cat scratch disease o D) Lymphogranuloma 6. Which type of granuloma is associated with cat scratch disease? o A) Granuloma with caseation o B) Granuloma without caseation o C) Suppurative granuloma o D) Foreign body granuloma 7. Which cells are involved in the formation of foreign body granulomas? o A) Neutrophils and eosinophils o B) Epithelioid cells and Langhans giant cells o C) Foreign body giant cells and fibroblasts o D) Plasma cells and mast cells 8. Which of the following is an example of a non-infective cause of granulomas? o A) Tuberculosis o B) Leprosy o C) Silicosis o D) Leishmaniasis 9. What is the primary function of fibroblasts in granulomas? o A) Phagocytosis o B) Antibody production o C) Formation of fibrous tissue o D) Release of histamine 10. Which type of giant cell is typically seen in response to foreign bodies such as thread or silicon implants? o A) Langhans giant cell o B) Foreign body giant cell o C) Touton giant cell o D) Osteoclast-like giant cell Cell injury mcq questions : 1. What is the primary cause of hypoxia in cell injury? o A) Excessive oxygen supply o B) Impaired blood supply (ischemia) o C) High blood pressure o D) Excessive nutrient intake 2. Which of the following is NOT listed as a physical agent causing cell injury? o A) Trauma o B) Radiation o C) Electric shock  o D) Bacterial infection 3. Which type of agents are represented by viruses, worms, and bacteria in the context of cell injury? o A) Chemicals and Drugs o B) Microbiologic Agents o C) Physical Agents o D) Immunologic Reactions 4. What are the examples of chemicals and drugs that can cause cell injury? o A) Acids and alkalies o B) Viruses and bacteria o C) Trauma and radiation o D) Allergic reactions 5. Which of the following is an example of an immunologic reaction causing cell injury? o A) Trauma o B) Radiation o C) Autoimmune diseases o D) Electric shock ………………….. 1. What are the two main types of cell injury depicted in the image? o A) Acute and Chronic o B) Mild and Severe o C) Reversible and Irreversible o D) Necrosis and Apoptosis 2. Which type of cell injury is associated with short-duration exposure to the injurious agent? o A) Mild reversible injury o B) Severe irreversible injury o C) Necrosis o D) Apoptosis 3. What are the examples given for reversible cell injuries in the image? o A) Cellular swelling (cloudy swelling and hydropic swelling), Fatty change o B) Necrosis, Apoptosis o C) Acute inflammation, Chronic inflammation o D) Edema, Hyperplasia 4. According to the image, what does severe irreversible cell injury include? o A) Cellular atrophy o B) Hyperplasia o C) Necrosis, Apoptosis o D) Cellular adaptation …………………….. 1. What characterizes reversible cell injury in the context of fatty change?  oA) Pathological accumulation of excess fat in parenchymatous cells oB) Permanent damage to cell structure oC) Complete cell death oD) Formation of fibrous tissue 2. Which organ is most commonly affected by fatty change due to reversible cell injury? o A) Brain o B) Liver o C) Lungs o D) Spleen 3. Besides the liver, which other organs can be affected by fatty change? o A) Heart, kidney, and muscles o B) Brain, lungs, and spleen o C) Skin, bones, and intestines o D) Eyes, ears, and nose 4. What does the illustration of ‘Fatty Injury’ on the slide represent? o A) Normal cellular metabolism o B) Abnormal metabolism as an injury change in the liver o C) Injurious agents affecting muscle cells o D) Accumulation of excess protein in cells 5. Degeneration means: a. Irreversible cell injury c- Abnormal cell injury b Reversible cell injury d- Necrosis of the cells Definition 1. What is the definition of repair? A) Replacement of damaged tissue by new healthy one B) Healing of wounds by primary intention C) Formation of keloids D) Development of ulcers 2. What are the two types of wound healing mentioned? A) Primary and secondary intention B) Keloid and hypertrophic scar C) Sinus and fistula D) Contracture and ulcer 3. What is a complication of healing of wounds? A) Keloid B) Healthy tissue C) Sinus D) Repair 4. What is a protective mechanism in the context of healing? A) Repair B) Contracture C) Hypertrophic scar D) Fistula 5. What is a characteristic of a hypertrophic scar? A) It is a complication of healing B) It is a type of repair C) It occurs by primary intention D) It is a protective mechanism 1. What is the main purpose of repair in wound healing? A) To replace damaged tissue with new healthy tissue B) To form a keloid C) To create a sinus D) To develop a fistula 2. Which of the following is NOT a complication of wound healing? A) Hypertrophic scar B) Keloid C) Healthy tissue D) Ulcer 3. What type of healing is characterized by the formation of a keloid? A) Inappropriate healing B) Primary intention C) Secondary intention D) Defective healing 4. Which of the following is a result of defective healing? A) Hypertrophic scar B) Wound contracture C) Fistula D) Sinus 5. What is a common outcome of inappropriate healing? A) Keloid B) Healthy tissue C) Repair D) Ulcer Which of the following is classified as a complication of wound healing? A) Hypertrophic scar B) Healthy tissue C) Regeneration D) Fibrosis 3. What is a characteristic of a keloid in the context of wound healing? A) It is a type of inappropriate healing B) It is a form of primary intention C) It is a normal healing process D) It is a type of regeneration 4. What is the term used for the abnormal shortening of tissue during healing? A) Contracture B) Regeneration C) Fibrosis D) Sinus 5. Which of the following conditions is a result of defective healing? A) Fistula B) Keloid C) Hypertrophic scar D) Healthy tissue True-or-false questions: 1. Healing of wounds occurs only by primary intention. True False 2. Keloids are a complication of wound healing. True False 3. Contracture is a type of healing complication. True False 4. Regeneration is one of the mechanisms of healing wounds. True False 5. A fistula is a normal outcome of wound healing. True False Multiple-choice questions: 1. What is characterized by the accumulation of water in the cells? A) Fatty change B) Cloudy swelling C) Necrosis D) Apoptosis 2. What type of cell injury is associated with excess fat in the diet? A) Cloudy swelling B) Fatty change C) Necrosis D) Apoptosis 3. What appearance do liver cells with fat accumulation show? A) Signet ring appearance B) Moth eaten appearance C) Spindle nuclei D) Inclusion bodies 4. What does degeneration refer to in the context of cell injury? A) Irreversible cell injury B) Abnormal cell injury C) Reversible cell injury D) Necrosis of the cells 5. What type of cell injury is necrosis classified as? A) Reversible cell injury B) Irreversible cell injury C) Adaptation  D) Fatty change 1. What is the primary characteristic of reversible cell injury known as cloudy swelling? A) Accumulation of excess fat B) Accumulation of water in the cells C) Cell death D) Necrosis of the cells 2. Which organ is most commonly affected by fatty change in reversible cell injury? A) Heart B) Liver C) Kidney D) Muscles 3. What appearance do liver cells with fat accumulation exhibit? A) Signet ring appearance B) Moth eaten appearance C) Spindle nuclei D) Inclusion bodies 4. What type of cell injury is characterized by necrosis and apoptosis? A) Reversible cell injury B) Irreversible cell injury C) Cell adaptation D) Cell degeneration 5. What defines the severity of an injurious agent in cell injury? A) Duration of exposure B) Type of cell affected C) Amount of fat accumulation D) Cellular adaptation 1. Which of the followings is characteristic for apoptosis: a. Always pathologic c- Could be physiologic or pathologic. b. Death of large group of cells. d- The affected cells are enlarged. 2- Which of the following types of cell injury is surrounded by inflammation: a. Cloudy swelling c- Fatty change b. Apoptosis d-Necrosis