Short Questions on Respiratory Pathology PDF

Short questions on Respiratory pathology List: 1-Complications of acute tonsillitis 2-Complications of acute otitis media 3-Complications of diphtheria 4-Complications of lobar pneumonia 5-Complications of septic bronchopneumonia 6- Complications of lung abscess Fill in the sp...

Short questions on Respiratory pathology List: 1-Complications of acute tonsillitis 2-Complications of acute otitis media 3-Complications of diphtheria 4-Complications of lobar pneumonia 5-Complications of septic bronchopneumonia 6- Complications of lung abscess Fill in the spaces: 1-Type of inflammation in diphtheria is……………………. 2-The predominant inflammatory cells in case of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are………………... 3-Adenoid face features include:……………………………….. 4-…………………….is developed in the larynx due to excess use of voice 5-…………………….is a benign nasopharyngeal tumor causing epistaxis in adolescent males 6-Laryngeal carcinoma microscopically is……………………………… 7-Three precancerous lesions for laryngeal carcinoma:………………… 8-Stages of lobar pneumonia include:……………………………………… 10-In septic bronchopneumonia, the bronchial walls and alveoli are filled with ……..and…….. 11- The age group affected in septic bronchopneumonia is ……&…….. 12-The type of necrosis in lung abscess is………………………. 13-Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency results in…………………….. 14-Kartagener syndrome and mucoviscidodis results in…………………... 15-In bronchial asthma, the bronchial lumens are occluded by…………... 16- Obstructive lung diseases include (4 diseases)………………….. 17-Restrictive lung diseases include (3 diseases)……………………. 18- The main risk factor for malignant mesothelioma is…………… 19-Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is linked to……..virus Mention the scientific term: Hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue in the posterior pharyngeal wall of infants or children due to chronic persistent infection. 1  Acute diffuse fibrinous inflammation of one or more lung lobes. Patchy suppurative inflammation of bronchioles & adjacent alveoli. Permanent overdistension of air spaces distal to the terminal brochioles &destruction of their walls. Paroxysmal reversible bronchospasm & Inflammation of walls Permanent dilatation of medium sized bronchi & bronchioles Associated with chronic suppurative Inflammation of their walls. Persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for 2 consecutive years Multiple small sub-pleural lung abscesses reaching the lung through circulation of septic emboli Lung abscess surrounded by zone of lung consolidation The commonest lung abscess which is more common single and in right lung Lung abscess due to aspiration of foreign material A very aggressive malignant tumor arising from the mesothelial cells of the visceral or parietal pleura. List 3 causes for: Emphysema Bronchiectasis Bronchial asthma Hemoptysis Mention complications of: Emphysema Bronchial asthma Bronchiectasis Secondary Pulmonary Tuberculosis 2 Match the following diseases with the proper associated features 1-Chronic bronchitis A-Fever and cough with consolidated lung lobe 2-Emphysema B-Episodic cough and wheezes more at night or early morning 3-Bronchial asthma C-Cough of mucopurulent sputum & fever, dilated medium sized thickened bronchi 4-Bronchiectasis D-Fever and cough, multiple patches of consolidation on both lower lung lobes 5-Lobar pneumonia E-Dyspnea, wheezes & BARREL chest 6-Septic bronchopneumonia F-Productive cough for 3 consecutive months for 2 consecutive years 7- Pulmonary Tuberculosis G-Hemoptysis, fever , night sweats, microscopic granulomas and caseous necrosis Fill in the spaces 1- Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma is located…………, its precursor is…………………………….. 2- Bronchogenic adenocarcinoma is located………………….., its precursor is………………….. 3- Bronchogenic small cell carcinoma is located……………….., its origin is………., positive for……………(tumor marker),associated with………………. 4- Accumulation of air in pleural cavity is termed………….. 5- Accumulation of blood in pleural cavity is termed…………………………….. 6- Accumulation of lymph in pleural cavity is termed…………………………….. 7- The commonest tumor in lung is……………………………………….. 8- The commonest benign tumor in lung is………………………… 9- The locally malignant tumor arising in lung is…………………. 10- The gross picture of malignant mesothelioma is……………….. 3  11- The microscopic picture of malignant mesothelioma is either..,,,, or ……. or ……. patterns Model Answer for Short questions on Respiratory pathology List: 1-Complications of acute tonsillitis 1. Spread of infection: a) Direct: Peritonsillar abscess (Quinzy), otitis media, laryngitis b) Blood: bacteremia, toxemia, septicemia c) Lymphatic: lymphadenitis (cervical lymph nodes) 2. Hypersensitivity: results in rheumatic fever or post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 3. Chronicity: chronic tonsillitis 2-Complications of acute otitis media Ear drum perforation. Mastoiditis Meningitis Brain abscess 3-Complications of diphtheria 1-Asphyxia caused by the inflammatory edema 2-Acute toxemia which causes: a-Toxic myocarditis leading to acute heart failure. b- Paralysis in the respiratory muscle 4-Complications of lobar pneumonia (FAST) 1-Failure of resolution leading to fibrosis (carnification). 2-Toxaemia: toxic myocarditis 3-Direct Spread : empyema (pus in pleural sac ) , pericarditis , mediastinitis. 4-Blood Spread : septicaemia , meningitis , osteomyelitis 5-Post- pneumonic lung Abscess and gangrene. 4 5-Complications of septic bronchopneumonia FAST+ DEATH+ BRONCHIECTASIS ▪ Death ▪ Post-pneumonic lung abscess and gangrene. ▪ Toxaemia: toxic myocarditis. ▪ Fibrosis. ▪ Direct spread: empyema, pericarditis, mediastinitis. ▪ Blood spread: septicaemia, meningitis... ▪ BRONCHIECTASIS 6- Complications of lung abscess Rupture in a bronchus: hemoptysis & coughing of purulent sputum Rupture in Pleural cavity : empyema and pyopneumothorax. Lung gangrene Local spread of infection Blood spread of infection: Pyaemia and septicemia Chronic lung abscess leads to 2ry amyloidosis Fill in the spaces: 1-Type of inflammation in diphtheria is…pseudomembranous inflammation…………………. 2-The predominant inflammatory cells in case of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are………eosinophils………... 5 3-Adenoid face features include: open mouth, absence of nasolabial folds, short upper lip, protruding central upper incisors and narrow nasal opening 4-…Laryngeal nodule (singer’s node)………………….is developed in the larynx due to excess use of voice 5-…Nasopharyngeal Angifibroma………………….is a benign nasopharyngeal tumor causing epistaxis in adolescent males 6-Laryngeal carcinoma microscopically is……squamous cell carcinoma………………………… 7-Three precancerous lesions for laryngeal carcinoma:…Leukoplakia, Squamous cell papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma insitu……………… 8-Stages of lobar pneumonia include: 4 stages…congestion, red hepatization, gray hepatization and resolution…………………………………… 10-In septic bronchopneumonia, the bronchial walls and alveoli are filled with …neutrophils…..and…pus cells….. 11- The age group affected in septic bronchopneumonia are……extremes of age…….. 12-The type of necrosis in lung abscess is……Liquefactive necrosis……………. 13-Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency results in……Emphysema……………….. 14-Kartagener syndrome and mucoviscidodis results in………Bronchiectasis…………... 15-In bronchial asthma, the bronchial lumens are occluded by……Curschman spirals……... 16- Obstructive lung diseases include (4 diseases)…Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, Bronchial asthma and Bronchiectasis……………….. 17-Restrictive lung diseases include (3 diseases)…Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, Asbestosis…………………. 18- The main risk factor for malignant mesothelioma is……Asbestosis…………. 19-Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is linked to……(EBV) Epstein Barr Virus 6 Mention the scientific term: Hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue in the posterior pharyngeal wall of infants or children due to chronic persistent infection. (Adenoids) Acute diffuse fibrinous inflammation of one or more lung lobes.(Lobar Pneumonia) Patchy suppurative inflammation of bronchioles & adjacent alveoli. (Septic bronchopneumonia) Permanent over-distension of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles &destruction of their walls. (Emphysema) Paroxysmal reversible bronchospasm & Inflammation of their walls. (Bronchial Asthma) Permanent dilatation of medium sized bronchi & bronchioles associated with chronic suppurative Inflammation of their walls. (Bronchiectasis) Persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for 2 consecutive years. (Chronic bronchitis) Multiple small sub-pleural lung abscesses reaching the lung through circulation of septic emboli. (Pyaemic abscesses) Lung abscess surrounded by zone of lung consolidation. (Post-pneumonic lung abscess) The commonest lung abscess, more common single and in right lung due to aspiration of foreign material. (Aspiration lung abscess) A very aggressive malignant tumor results arising from the mesothelial cells of the visceral or parietal pleura.(Malignant mesothelioma) List 3 causes for: 7  Emphysema ✓ Alpha 1 Antitrypsin deficiency ✓ Smoking ✓ Bronchial obstruction Bronchiectasis ✓ Bronchial infection (Septic bronchopneumonia) ✓ Bronchial obstruction ✓ Mucoviscidosis ✓ Kartagener syndrome Bronchial asthma ✓ Atopic (allergic) ✓ Non Atopic (follow cold, stress, resp. tract infection) ✓ Exercise induced ✓ Aspirin induced Hemoptysis ✓ Lung Tumors( cancer) ✓ Pulmonary Tuberculosis ✓ Chronic venous congestion lung Mention 3 complications for Emphysema ▪ Right sided heart failure (cor-pulmonale) & pulmonary hypertension ▪ Respiratory failure ▪ Rupture air spaces→ pneumothorax Bronchial asthma ▪ Chronic Bronchitis ▪ Emphysema ▪ Status Asthmaticus is a prolonged attack of bronchial asthma MAY CAUSE DEATH 8 Bronchiectasis ▪ Abscess ▪ Amyloidosis ▪ Spread---thromoboplebitis pleura(empyema) ▪ Squamous cell carcinoma ▪ Hemoptysis ▪ Heart Failure Complications of 2ry pulmonary TB 1-Hemoptysis : due to erosion of blood vessels by spreading caseation 2-Pneumothorax : due to rupture of the cavity into the pleural sac 3-Spread of infection ▪ Direct: pleura, pericardium ▪ Blood: Isolated organ TB Miliary TB ▪ Bronchial : larynx, tonsil & tongue (coughing of infected sputum) Small intestine (swallowing of infected sputum) ▪ Lymphatic: rare 4-Right sided heart failure due to bilateral lung fibrosis in bilateral cases 5-Secondary amyloidosis Match the following diseases with the proper associated features 1-Chronic bronchitis F-Productive cough for 3 consecutive months for 2 consecutive years 2-Emphysema E-Dyspnea, wheezes & BARREL chest 3-Bronchial asthma B-Episodic cough and wheezes more at night or early morning 4-Bronchiectasis C-Cough of mucopurulent sputum & fever, dilated medium sized thickened bronchi 5-Lobar pneumonia A-Fever and cough with consolidated lung lobe 6-Septic bronchopneumonia D-Fever and cough, multiple patches of consolidation on both lower lung lobes 9  7- Pulmonary Tuberculosis G-Hemoptysis, fever , night sweats, microscopic granulomas and caseous necrosis Fill in the spaces 1. Bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma is located…central (endobronchial)………, its precursor is…squamous cell metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma in situ………………………….. 2. Bronchogenic adenocarcinoma is located…peripheral……………….., its precursor is…atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ carcinoma……………….. 3. Bronchogenic small cell carcinoma is located……central………….., its origin is…neuroendocrine cells……., positive for…chromogranin…………(tumor marker),associated with…para-neoplastic syndromes (cushing)……………. 4. Accumulation of air in pleural cavity is termed……pneumothorax…….. 5. Accumulation of blood in pleural cavity is termed………hemothorax…………………….. 6. Accumulation of lymph in pleural cavity is termed……chylothorax……………………….. 7. The commonest tumor in lung is………metastatic……………………………….. 8. The commonest benign tumor in lung is……lung hamartoma…………………… 9. The locally malignant tumor arising in lung is………bronchial carcinoid…………. 10. The gross picture of malignant pleural mesothelioma is… nodules or diffuse thickening of pleura …………….. 11. The microscopic picture of malignant pleural mesothelioma is either malignant epithelioid or spindle or mixed patterns 10