Chain of Infection and Routes of Transmission PDF

Dr.Aeshah Hassan Abduljabbar Chain of Infection and Routes of Transmission The Chain of Infection 1Infectious agent 2Reservoir 3Portal of exit from the reservoir 5Portal of Entry into a host 4Mode of trasmission Bacteria virus fungus parastite 6Susceptibl e Host 1-Infectious agent • •...

Dr.Aeshah Hassan Abduljabbar Chain of Infection and Routes of Transmission The Chain of Infection 1Infectious agent 2Reservoir 3Portal of exit from the reservoir 5Portal of Entry into a host 4Mode of trasmission Bacteria virus fungus parastite 6Susceptibl e Host 1-Infectious agent • • • • • • is defined as the pathogen that causes the infectious disease. Example: virus Bacteria fungi prions. 2-Reservoir A place where microorganisms live and reproduce • is the second element in the chain of infection. It’s the environment where the agent can live and survive. 3Portal of exit from the reservoir • • • • • • is the agent’s path to leave the reservoir. Example for the port of exit A) Skin. B) Blood. C) Respiratory tract D) Transplacental 4- Mode of transmission • is defined as the “pathway that the pathogen takes to spread” Modes of Disease Transmission • Direct transmission • Indirect transmission • Airborne Transmission • Parenteral transmission Modes of Disease Transmission 1-Direct Transmission • Through Person to person contact • Direct contact results from transferring the microorganisms from an infected patient to an uninfected patient via blood transfer or body fluid. Modes of Disease Transmission 2- Indirect transmission transfer from a contaminated object • Microorganisms transmitted to —> an object or surface then —> another person • Indirect contact results from transferring the microorganisms via contaminated items/objects or healthcare workers’ contaminated hands to uninfected patient. Modes of Disease Transmission 3- Airborne transmission • Known as “droplet Infection” • Enter the respiratory tract via a droplet or aerosol. • nhalation • Through Air, cough, sneeze. Modes of Disease Transmission 3- Airborne transmission in CSSD • An aerosol may form in the CSSD when handling liquids, operating an ultrasonic bath, running a tap, brushing or blowing on a wet surface or when ventilation/humidification units release contaminating microbes. • Manual brushing of contaminated reusable medical devices should be carried out only while submerging in the sink. • Keeping the lid closed when using the ultrasonic bath prevents escape of aerosols. Modes of Disease Transmission 4- Parenteral transmission “Injection: • Parenteral= Through the skin • Occur through accidental peentration of the skin through Needle stick injuries and cuts. 5- Portal of Entry into a host The path that the infectious agent takes to enter the suspected host. • • • • • Similar to the portal of exit. a) Skin b) Blood c) Respiratory tract d) Transplacental 6Susceptibl e Host • “The susceptibility of the person to fight the infection or to get infected.” Accidental Needlestick or Sharps Injury Assess