Chain of Infection and Routes of Transmission PDF

Dr.Aeshah Hassan Abduljabbar Chain of Infection and Routes of Transmition The Chain of Infection 1Infectious agent 2Reservoir 3Portal of exit from the reservoir 5Portal of Entry into a host 4Mode of trasmission Bacteria virus fungus parastite 6Susceptibl e Host 1-Infectious agent • • •...

Dr.Aeshah Hassan Abduljabbar Chain of Infection and Routes of Transmition The Chain of Infection 1Infectious agent 2Reservoir 3Portal of exit from the reservoir 5Portal of Entry into a host 4Mode of trasmission Bacteria virus fungus parastite 6Susceptibl e Host 1-Infectious agent • • • • • • is defined as the pathogen that causes the infectious disease. Example: virus Bacteria fungi prions. 2-Reservoir A place where microorganisms live and reproduce • is the second element in the chain of infection. It's the filled or the environment where the agent can live and survive. 3Portal of exit from the reservoir • is the path that the agent uses to leave the reservoir. Example for the port of exit is a) the skin, b) blood, c) respiratory track and d) Transplacenta. 4- Mode of transmission • is defined as the “pathway that the pathogen takes to spread” Modes of Disease Transmission • Direct transmission • Indirect transmission • Airborne Transmission • Parenteral transmission Modes of Disease Transmission 1-Direct Transmission • Through Person to person contact • Direct contact is the result of transferring the microorganisms from and infected patient to uninfected patient via blood transfer or body fluid. Modes of Disease Transmission 2- Indirect transmission transfer from a contaminated object • Microorganisms transmitted to —> an object or surface then —> another person • Indirect contact is the result of transferring the microorganisms via contaminated items/objects or contaminated hands of healthcare worker to uninfected patient. Modes of Disease Transmission 3- Airborne transmission • Known as “droplet Infection” • Enter the respiratory tract via a droplet or aerosol. • nhalation • Through Air, cough, sneeze • An aerosol may form in the CSSD when handling liquids, operating an ultrasonic bath, running a tap, brushing or blowing on a wet surface or when ventilation/humidification units release contaminating microbes. Manual brushing of contaminated reusable medical devices should be carried out only while the device is submerged in Modes of Disease Transmission 3- Airborne transmission in CSSD • An aerosol may form in the CSSD when handling liquids, operating an ultrasonic bath, running a tap, brushing or blowing on a wet surface or when ventilation/humidification units release contaminating microbes. • Manual brushing of contaminated reusable medical devices should be carried out only while the device is submerged in the sink. • Keeping the lid closed when using the ultrasonic bath prevents escape of aerosols. Modes of Disease Transmission 4- Parenteral transmission “Injection: • Parenteral= Through the skin • Occur through accedentak peentration of the skin through Needle stick injuries, cut 5- Portal of Entry into a host The path that the infectious agent takes to enter into the suspected host. • • • • • Slimier to the portal of exit this can be via a) the skin, b) blood, c) respiratory track d) Transplacenta 6Susceptibl e Host • “The susceptibility of the person to fight the infection or to get infected.” Accidental Needlestick or Sharps Injury Assess -Which of the following terms is used to describe disease-causing organisms? Pathogens -Which of the following is the first link in the chain of infection? Portal of entry -A person who is unable to resist infection by a particular pathogen is known as _______ in the chain of infection. a susceptible host 5. What are the six elements included in the chain of infection? Choices A) "Microorganism, carrier, mode of transmission, portal of exit, portal of entry, and host immunity" B) "Infectious agent (pathogen), carrier, mode of transmission, portal of entry, host immunity, and susceptible environment" C) "Pathogen, reservoir, mode of transmission, portal of exit, portal of entry, and host immunity" D) "Infectious agent (pathogen), reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host"