Reservoir Rock Mechanics Formation Evaluation 2019 PDF

RESERVOIR ROCK MECHANICS FORMATION EVALUATION 20TH July-3RD August 2019 l SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL & ENERGY ENGINEERING l FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SUMMER SCHOOL: OIL & GAS LEARNING EXPERIENCE 2019 www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global Petroleum System www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial...

RESERVOIR ROCK MECHANICS FORMATION EVALUATION 20TH July-3RD August 2019 l SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL & ENERGY ENGINEERING l FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SUMMER SCHOOL: OIL & GAS LEARNING EXPERIENCE 2019 www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global Petroleum System www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global Petroleum Exploration - Geophysical www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global • The application of the principles of physics to the study of the subsurface, in search of hydrocarbon • Geophysical investigations of the interior of the earth involves taking measurements at or near earth’s surface that are influenced by the internal distribution of physical properties. • The objective of any exploration venture is to find new volumes of hydrocarbons at a low cost and in a short period of time. • There are three main geophysical methods used in petroleum exploration: Magnetic, gravity and seismic. • The first two of these methods are used only in the predrilling phase. Seismic surveying is used in both exploration and development phases. Geophysical methods www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global Method Measured parameter ‘‘Operative’’ physical property Gravity Spatial variations in the strength of the gravitational field of the Earth Density Magnetic Spatial variations in the strength of the geomagnetic field Magnetic susceptibility and remanence Electromagnetic (Sea Bed Logging) Response to Electric conductivity/resistivity electromagnetic radiation and inductance Seismic Travel times of reflected/refracted seismic waves Seismic velocity (and density) Seismic Geophysical Survey www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global • The seismic methods are the most widely used of all geophysical methods used in petroleum exploration. • Seismic methods measure seismic velocity of rock layers to detect both lateral and depth variations and the objective is to determine the lithology and geometry of the layers. • A seismic wave can be thought of as shock wave (elastic wave) or vibration traveling through the ground. • The rate of travel, or velocity, of the wave is related to the density of the rock. • There are two types of elastic waves produced: 1) P-waves, which are primary or “compressional” waves, and 2) S-waves, or shear waves Seismic Survey www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global The seismic method showing sound impulse bouncing off subsurface rock layer Type of seismic survey www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global 2-D seismic survey 3-D seismic survey 4-D seismic survey 2-D seismic survey www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global 2-D seismic survey 2-D Seismic Survey Advantages Disadvantages Easiest survey method Not effective in some location Inexpensive Anomalies are harder to map Not of better quality Exploration drilling success rate using 2D is very less (25%) www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global 3-D seismic survey www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global 4-D seismic survey www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global 3-D 4-D Time 4-D seismic survey www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global Helps geologist to understand how the reservoir reacts to gas injection or water flooding BENEFITS! Image Quality www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global Economic analysis www.utm.my Innovative · Entrepreneurial · Global