Refinery Processes Quiz PDF

Refinery Processes Quiz Answers 1. Which catalyst deactivation mode is not mentioned in the text? A. Attrition B. Sintering C. Poisoning D. Coking Answer: Attrition (A) Coking, poisoning, and sintering are common deactivation modes of catalysts, but attrition is not mentioned in the text. 2. What is...

Refinery Processes Quiz Answers 1. Which catalyst deactivation mode is not mentioned in the text? A. Attrition B. Sintering C. Poisoning D. Coking Answer: Attrition (A) Coking, poisoning, and sintering are common deactivation modes of catalysts, but attrition is not mentioned in the text. 2. What is the effect of quinoline on hydrocracking activity? A. Has no effect B. Enhances selectivity C. Increases activity D. Decreases activity Answer: Decreases activity (D) The presence of quinoline in higher amounts greatly decreases hydrocracking activity. 3. Why are acid sites and metal sites provided for reforming reactions? A. To enhance catalyst stability B. To improve reaction selectivity C. To prevent catalyst deactivation D. To increase catalyst activity Answer: To improve reaction selectivity (B) Acid sites and metal sites are provided for performing reforming reactions to improve reaction selectivity. 4. Which two processes are discussed in Section 4 of the Masters in Energy course? A. Hydrocracking and steam-reforming B. FCC and naphtha reforming C. Hydrocracking and naphtha reforming D. FCC and steam-reforming Answer: Hydrocracking and naphtha reforming (C) Section 4 of the course discusses the processes of hydrocracking and naphtha reforming. Steam-reforming is mentioned separately and should not be confused with naphtha reforming. 5. What is the main advantage of hydrocracking over FCC? A. Hydrocracking processes at higher pressures B. Hydrocracking is more selective in cracking polyaromatics C. Hydrocracking increases the Cetane number of diesel fuel D. Hydrocracking can hydrorefine heavier cuts Answer: Hydrocracking is more selective in cracking polyaromatics (B) Hydrocracking is more selective in cracking polyaromatics compared to FCC. It can be designed to crack polyaromatics selectively to gasoline, diesel fuel, or jet fuel. 6. What is a disadvantage of hydrocracking? A. Mild hydrotreating is favored for removing metals, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds B. High pressure causes high consumption of H2 and energy C. High pressure is required to crack heavier feeds D. Hydrocracking is not as selective as FCC Answer: High pressure causes high consumption of H2 and energy (B) One of the disadvantages of hydrocracking is that the high pressure of H2 (80 - 200 atm) causes high consumption of H2 and energy. 7. Which catalysts are typically used for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates? A. Base metal oxides of Co, Mo, Ni or W supported on acid-treated Al2O3, Al2O3-SiO2 or a zeolite B. Pt or Pd supported on shape-selective zeolites C. Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3 D. Pt or Pt-Re supported on shape-selective zeolites Answer: Base metal oxides of Co, Mo, Ni or W supported on acid-treated Al2O3, Al2O3-SiO2 or a zeolite (A) The catalysts typically used for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates are base metal oxides of Co, Mo, Ni or W supported on acid-treated Al2O3, Al2O3-SiO2 or a zeolite. 8. Which temperature range is typically used in the dual stage fixed bed reactors for the hydrocracking process? A. 375 - 425 °C B. 170 - 375 °C C. 425 - 500 °C D. 100 - 170 °C Answer: 375 - 425 °C (A) The dual stage fixed bed reactors for the hydrocracking process typically operate at a temperature range of 375 - 425 °C. 9. What is the primary purpose of naphtha reforming? A. To produce aromatics for petrochemicals B. To produce lubricants and diesel C. To produce gasoline from S and N-free feeds D. To increase the octane number of naphtha Answer: To increase the octane number of naphtha (D) The primary purpose of naphtha reforming is to increase the octane number of naphtha. 10. What is the typical catalyst used for naphtha reforming? A. Base metal oxides of Co, Mo, Ni or W supported on acid-treated Al2O3, Al2O3-SiO2 or a zeolite B. Pt or Pd supported on g-Al2O3 C. Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3 D. Pt or Pd supported on shape-selective zeolites Answer: Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3 (C) The typical catalyst used for naphtha reforming is Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3. 11. Which of the following is a mode of deactivation for hydrocracking catalysts? A. Presence of quinoline B. High amounts of metals C. Acid sites and metal sites D. Sulfur and nitrogen compounds Answer: High amounts of metals (B) The presence of high amounts of metals can deactivate hydrocracking catalysts. 12. Why is hydrocracking activity greatly decreased by the presence of quinoline in higher amounts? A. Quinoline inhibits the catalytic reaction B. Quinoline reduces the temperature required for the reaction C. Quinoline promotes the formation of light gases D. Quinoline enhances the catalytic reaction Answer: Quinoline inhibits the catalytic reaction (A) Quinoline inhibits the catalytic reaction in hydrocracking, leading to decreased activity. 13. What is the role of Re in Pt-Re/Al2O3 catalyst used for reforming process? A. To decrease the activity of the catalyst B. To enhance the selectivity of the catalyst C. To improve the stability of the catalyst D. To increase the acidity of the catalyst Answer: To enhance the selectivity of the catalyst (B) Re is added to the Pt-Re/Al2O3 catalyst to enhance its selectivity in the reforming process. 14. Which two important refinery processes are discussed in Section 4 of the Masters in Energy course? A. Hydrocracking and steam reforming B. Hydrocracking and fluid catalytic cracking C. Hydrocracking and alkylation D. Hydrocracking and catalytic reforming Answer: Hydrocracking and catalytic reforming (D) Section 4 of the Masters in Energy course discusses hydrocracking and catalytic reforming as two important refinery processes. 15. What is the primary advantage of hydrocracking over fluid catalytic cracking (FCC)? A. Hydrocracking increases the alkane content in aromatic-rich fuels, improving the Cetane number of diesel fuel. B. Hydrocracking can hydrorefine heavier cuts from crude distillation, while FCC cannot. C. Hydrocracking operates at higher pressures and broader temperature range than FCC. D. Hydrocracking can selectively crack polyaromatics to produce gasoline, diesel fuel or jet fuel, while FCC is not as selective. Answer: Hydrocracking can selectively crack polyaromatics to produce gasoline, diesel fuel or jet fuel, while FCC is not as selective. (D) The primary advantage of hydrocracking over fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is that hydrocracking can selectively crack polyaromatics to produce gasoline, diesel fuel or jet fuel, while FCC is not as selective. 16. What is a disadvantage of hydrocracking? A. Hydrocracking does not improve the Cetane number of diesel fuel. B. High pressure of H2 causes high consumption of H2 and energy. C. Hydrocracking is not effective for cracking heavier feeds. D. Hydrocracking requires mild hydrotreating at low pressures to remove metals, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Answer: High pressure of H2 causes high consumption of H2 and energy. (B) A disadvantage of hydrocracking is that the high pressure of H2 causes high consumption of H2 and energy. 17. Which metal oxides are commonly used as catalysts for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates? A. Cr or V B. Co, Mo, Ni, or W C. Pt or Pd D. Fe or Cu Answer: Co, Mo, Ni, or W (B) The text states that the base metal oxides of Co, Mo, Ni, or W are commonly used as catalysts for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates. 18. Which shape-selective zeolite is commonly used as a catalyst for producing gasoline from S and N-free feeds? A. ZSM-5 B. Modernite C. Beta D. Faujasite Answer: ZSM-5 (A) The text states that Pt or Pd supported on shape-selective zeolites, such as Faujasite, Modernite, and ZSM-5, are commonly used as catalysts for producing gasoline from S and N-free feeds. 19. What is the purpose of injecting cold high pressure H2 between the two fixed bed reactors in the hydrocracking process? A. To increase the conversion rate B. To prevent coking C. To regenerate the catalysts D. To cool the product stream Answer: To cool the product stream (D) The text states that the product stream in the hydrocracking process is cooled by injection of cold high pressure H2 between the two fixed bed reactors. 20. What is the typical BET area of g-Al2O3 used as a catalyst for naphtha reforming? A. 300 m2/g B. 100 m2/g C. 200 m2/g D. 400 m2/g Answer: 200 m2/g (C) The text states that Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3 with a BET area of 200 m2/g is typically used as a catalyst for naphtha reforming. 21. What is the primary purpose of hydrocracking? A. To increase the alkane content in aromatic rich fuels B. To catalyze cracking reactions and hydrogenation simultaneously C. To remove metals, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds from heavier oil feeds D. To selectively crack polyaromatics to gasoline, diesel fuel, or jet fuel Answer: To selectively crack polyaromatics to gasoline, diesel fuel, or jet fuel (D) Hydrocracking is a process that combines cracking and hydrogenation to simultaneously crack and hydrogenate low value gas oil containing a high percentage of polynuclear aromatics, in order to obtain highvalue low and middle distillates including gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel. 22. What is the main disadvantage of hydrocracking? A. Limited selectivity compared to fluid catalytic cracking B. Decreased hydrocracking activity in the presence of quinoline C. High consumption of hydrogen and energy D. Inability to remove metals, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds from heavier oil feeds Answer: High consumption of hydrogen and energy (C) The high pressure of hydrogen (80 - 200 atm) in hydrocracking causes high consumption of hydrogen and energy. 23. What is the typical temperature range used in hydrocracking? A. 290 - 525 °C B. 80 - 200 °C C. 200 - 290 °C D. 525 - 800 °C Answer: 290 - 525 °C (A) Hydrocracking is typically processed in higher pressures over a much broader temperature range of 290 - 525 °C compared to fluid catalytic cracking. 24. Why are acid sites and metal sites provided for performing reforming reactions? A. To decrease the pressure of the reforming reactions B. To increase the temperature of the reforming reactions C. To reduce the catalyst deactivation D. To enhance the selectivity of the reforming reactions Answer: To enhance the selectivity of the reforming reactions (D) The presence of acid sites and metal sites in the catalyst helps in promoting the desired reforming reactions and enhancing the selectivity towards the desired products. 25. What are the main purposes of hydrocracking and catalytic reforming? A. To reduce the sulfur content in the feedstock B. To decrease the temperature of the feedstock C. To increase the viscosity of the feedstock D. To increase the pressure of the feedstock Answer: To reduce the sulfur content in the feedstock (A) The main purposes of hydrocracking and catalytic reforming are to reduce the sulfur content in the feedstock and to convert heavy hydrocarbons into lighter, more valuable products such as gasoline. 26. What will you do as a refinery manager if your refinery receives a gas oil supply containing high amounts of metals, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds? A. Maximize the production of gasoline B. Minimize the formation of light gases C. Maximize the production of light gases D. Minimize the production of gasoline Answer: Minimize the formation of light gases (B) As a refinery manager, you would want to minimize the formation of light gases and maximize the production of gasoline. This can be achieved by implementing suitable desulfurization and denitrification processes, along with optimizing the operating conditions of the refinery. 27. Which metal oxides are commonly used as catalysts for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates? A. Fe or Cu B. Co, Mo, Ni or W C. Pt or Pd D. Cr or V Answer: Co, Mo, Ni or W (B) The base metal oxides of Co, Mo, Ni or W are commonly used as catalysts for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates. 28. What is the primary purpose of naphtha reforming? A. Increasing octane number of naphtha cut B. Removing sulfur from naphtha C. Producing diesel fuel D. Producing gasoline from S and N-free feeds Answer: Increasing octane number of naphtha cut (A) The primary purpose of naphtha reforming is to increase the octane number of the naphtha cut. 29. What is the typical catalyst used for naphtha reforming? A. Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3 B. Cr or V supported on SiO2 C. Co, Mo, Ni or W supported on either acid-treated Al2O3 D. Pt or Pd supported on shape-selective zeolites Answer: Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3 (A) The typical catalyst used for naphtha reforming is Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3. 30. What is the role of Re in Pt-Re/Al2O3 catalyst used for reforming process? A. To improve the catalyst life by preventing coking B. To enhance the hydrogenation and de-hydrogenation functions C. To break up Pt particles into smaller ensembles D. To improve the acidity of the catalyst Answer: To improve the catalyst life by preventing coking (A) The role of Re in Pt-Re/Al2O3 catalyst used for reforming process is to improve the catalyst life by preventing coking.