Chemical Industry Processes and Catalysts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main product obtained from cracking large petroleum molecules?

Ethanol

Propylene

Methanol

Gasoline (correct)

Which process yields high amounts of ethylene?

Syngas purification

Methanol synthesis

Catalytic cracking

Thermal cracking (correct)

What is the main product of methanol synthesis?

$C_3$ alcohols

$C_4$ alcohols

Methanol (correct)

Ethanol

Which feedstocks can be used in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process to produce liquid hydrocarbons?

Natural gas, biomass, and coal Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the syngas purification step in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process?

To remove impurities from syngas before the F-T reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process?

To convert gas oil into gasoline by breaking down large petroleum molecules into smaller hydrocarbons Signup and view all the answers

Which catalyst is used in the FCC process to increase the selectivity and yield of desired products?

ZSM-5 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of FCC catalyst deactivation?

Coke and tar formation Signup and view all the answers

What are the feedstocks that can be used in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process?

Natural gas, coal, and biomass Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 steps involved in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process?

$1) Production of syngas, 2) Syngas purification, 3) FTS, and 4) Separation and upgrading of products$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of naphtha reforming?

To increase the octane number of naphtha Signup and view all the answers

What can high pressure cause in hydrocracking?

High consumption of H2 and energy Signup and view all the answers

What can deactivate hydrocracking catalysts?

High amounts of metals Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical catalyst used for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates?

Base metal oxides of Co, Mo, Ni, or W supported on acid-treated Al2O3, Al2O3-SiO2, or a zeolite Signup and view all the answers

What is added to the Pt-Re/Al2O3 catalyst to enhance its selectivity in the reforming process?

Re Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical catalyst used for naphtha reforming?

Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hydrocracking?

To selectively crack polyaromatics to gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel Signup and view all the answers

What are the commonly used catalysts for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates?

Co, Mo, Ni or W base metal oxides Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of catalytic reforming?

To increase the octane number of the naphtha cut Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high pressure of hydrogen in hydrocracking?

Causes high consumption of hydrogen and energy Signup and view all the answers

Which catalyst deactivation mode is not mentioned in the text?

Attrition Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of quinoline on hydrocracking activity?

Decreases activity Signup and view all the answers

Why are acid sites and metal sites provided for reforming reactions?

To improve reaction selectivity Signup and view all the answers

Which two processes are discussed in Section 4 of the Masters in Energy course?

Hydrocracking and steam-reforming Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of hydrocracking over FCC?

Hydrocracking requires lower temperatures Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemical Industry Processes and Catalysts

Methanol is primarily used for the production of formaldehyde in the chemical industry
SiO2-Al2O3 catalysts were primarily used in the cracking process practiced 5-6 decades ago, which has been shifted to modern zeolite catalysts
The main purpose of the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process is to convert gas oil into gasoline by breaking down large petroleum molecules into smaller hydrocarbons
ZSM-5 is a zeolite catalyst used in the FCC process to increase the selectivity and yield of desired products
Aromatic hydrogenation is not a typical reaction in Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)
The main cause of FCC catalyst deactivation is coke and tar formation
In a two-stage FCC process, the first stage operates at high temperature and short residence time, while the second stage operates at low temperature and long residence time
The ICI process for methanol production offers advantages such as reduced compression power, longer catalyst life, and larger capacity with single train converter designs, resulting in increased productivity
The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process can use natural gas (NG) as one of the feedstocks, along with coal and biomass
The Sabatier reaction led to BASF's Co-catalyzed liquid HC synthesis at severe conditions, which was a significant step in the development of the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process
The 4 steps involved in the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) synthesis process are: 1) Production of syngas, 2) Syngas purification, 3) FTS, and 4) Separation and upgrading of products

Catalytic Processes in Petroleum Refining

Pt or Pd supported on shape-selective zeolites, such as Faujasite, Modernite, and ZSM-5, are commonly used as catalysts for producing gasoline from S and N-free feeds.
Injection of cold high pressure H2 between the fixed bed reactors in the hydrocracking process is to cool the product stream.
Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3 with a BET area of 200 m2/g is typically used as a catalyst for naphtha reforming.
Hydrocracking is a process that combines cracking and hydrogenation to selectively crack polyaromatics to gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel.
The high pressure of hydrogen (80 - 200 atm) in hydrocracking causes high consumption of hydrogen and energy.
Hydrocracking is typically processed in the temperature range of 290 - 525 °C.
The presence of acid sites and metal sites in the catalyst helps in enhancing the selectivity of the reforming reactions.
The main purposes of hydrocracking and catalytic reforming are to reduce the sulfur content in the feedstock and to convert heavy hydrocarbons into lighter, more valuable products such as gasoline.
To minimize the formation of light gases and maximize the production of gasoline, suitable desulfurization and denitrification processes need to be implemented.
The base metal oxides of Co, Mo, Ni or W are commonly used as catalysts for producing lubricants, diesel, and middle or heavy distillates.
The primary purpose of naphtha reforming is to increase the octane number of the naphtha cut.
The typical catalyst used for naphtha reforming is Pt or Pt-Re supported on g-Al2O3.

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Description

Test your knowledge about chemical industry processes and catalysts with this quiz covering topics such as fluidized catalytic cracking, methanol production, and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Explore key concepts including catalyst types, reactions, and process steps.