Medical Notes (PDF)

*1. VITAMIN D: Inc. Calcium via resorption in kidney* *2. Vitamin D: Inc. Phosphate via resorption in kidney* *3. PARATHYROID HORMONE: Inc. Calcium via Bone & Kidney Resorption + Vit D Synthesis* *4. PARATHYROID HORMONE: INC. Phosphate via Bone Resorption 􀃆 Dec. via Excretion* *5. ERGOCALCIFEROL...

*1. VITAMIN D: Inc. Calcium via resorption in kidney* *2. Vitamin D: Inc. Phosphate via resorption in kidney* *3. PARATHYROID HORMONE: Inc. Calcium via Bone & Kidney Resorption + Vit D Synthesis* *4. PARATHYROID HORMONE: INC. Phosphate via Bone Resorption 􀃆 Dec. via Excretion* *5. ERGOCALCIFEROL: Plant Derivative D2* *6. Cholecalciferol: Animal Derivative D3* *7. 7 dehydrocholesterol 􀃆 cholecalciferol via SUNLIGHT* *8. Cholecalciferol 􀃆 25-hydroxy via 25 hydroxylase􀃆1,25 dihydroxy via 1hydroxylase* *(PTH Activation)* *9. CALCITONIN􀃆 DECREASE Ca via Osteoclast Activity* *10. Vitamin D LIVER Disease: Reduce 25-hydroxylase activity* *11. Vitamin D KIDNEY Disease: Reduce 1-hydroxylase Activity* *12. Rickets (Vit D Def) 􀃆 BOW LEG DEFORMITY + RACHITIC ROSARY + Pigeon Chest* *13. Rickets VIT D RESISTANT 􀃆 ALOPECIA (hair loss) + ELEVATED 1,25(OH)2D (dec. Ca from* *diet)* *14. Osteomalacia (Vit D) 􀃆 Frequent Fractures* *15. HYPERvitaminosis 􀃆 Vit D Toxicity 􀃆 Enhanced Calcium absorption 􀃆 Hypercalcemia* *􀃆 Soft Tissue Calcification* *16. HYPOCalcemia (Cause) 􀃆 LOW PTH 􀃆 Hypoparathyroidism* *17. HYPOCalcemia (Cause)􀃆 HIGH PTH􀃆 Secondary HYPERParathyroidism* *18. HYPOCalcemia(Vit D Deficiency) 􀃆 Low 25hydoxyyvitamin D Level* *19. HYPO Calcemia(Renal Insufficiency) 􀃆 Low 1,25 dehydroxyvitamin D* *20. HYPOCalcemia (Parathyroidectomy) 􀃆 Low Parathormone Levels* *21. Severe HYPOCalcemia: 􀃆 Tetany 􀃆 Cardiac Arrhythmias/Breathing 􀃆 Calcium* *Gluconate IV (Immediate Treatment) or Ca supplement + Vit D* *22. HYPERCalcemia (Excessive PTH) 􀃆 HIGH PTH HIGH CA LOW PO4* *23. HYPERCalcemia (Hypervitaminosis D) 􀃆 HIGH CA HIGH PO4 HIGH 1,25(OH)2D* *􀍞B􀅽ne􀆐􀍕 M􀅽an􀆐􀍕 S􀆚􀅽ne􀆐􀍕 Abd􀅽minal G􀆌􀅽an􀆐􀍟* *24. HYPERPhosphatemia 􀃆 Poor PO4 Absorption (Vit D Deficiency) + High PO4 Excretion* *(Excess PTH)* *25. Hyperkyphosis: 􀍞Hunchback􀍟 􀃆 Increase in thoracic curvature* *26. Crush Fractrue: Compresion of vertebral body* *27. Wedge Fracture: Small fractres around vertebral body* *28. Spinal Canal Stenosis Syndrome: Hypertrophy of Ligamentum Flavum* *29. LATERAL Displaced Scapula: damaged dorsal scapular nerve / Rhomboid Maj. Min.* *30. Winged Scapula: Long Thoracic Nerve* *Created by Aadil Habibi 􀍞The􀆌e i􀆐 n􀅽 di􀆐ea􀆐e 􀆚ha􀆚 Allah ha􀆐 c􀆌ea􀆚ed􀍕 e􀇆ce􀆉􀆚 􀆚ha􀆚 He al􀆐􀅽 ha􀆐 c􀆌ea􀆚ed i􀆚􀆐 􀆌emed􀇇􀍘􀍟* *Created by Aadil Habibi 􀍞The􀆌e i􀆐 n􀅽 di􀆐ea􀆐e 􀆚ha􀆚 Allah ha􀆐 c􀆌ea􀆚ed􀍕 e􀇆ce􀆉􀆚 􀆚ha􀆚 He al􀆐􀅽 ha􀆐 c􀆌ea􀆚ed i􀆚􀆐 􀆌emed􀇇􀍘􀍟* *31. Herpes Zoster: Located at Dorsal Root Ganglion* *32. Lumbar Puncture: Between L4/L5 (Subarachnoid Space) (Past Supraspinous Ligament)* *(Incorrect Puncture 􀃆 Go through Posterior Longitudinal Ligament)* *33. Landmark for Lumbar Puncture: Highest Points of Iliac Crests (T􀆵ffie􀆌􀍛􀆐 Line􀍿* *34. Disc Herniation: Nucleus Pulposis protrustion posterolaterally into intervertebral* *foramen* *35. Spina Bifida Occulta: Tuft of hair + small dimple* *36. Spina Bifida Meningocele: protrustion of meninges through unfused vertebral arch* *37. Spina Bifida Myelomeningocoele: protrusion of meninges and CNS tissue* *38. Spina Bifida Myeloschisis: protrustion of spinal cord or spinal nerves and meninges* *39. Spinal Cord Termination: L1 / L2* *40. Laminectomy: Ligamentum Flavum* *41. Caudal Anesthetic 􀃆 Sacrial Hiatus 􀃆 Epidural Space (Given During Pregnancy)* *42. Drooping Shoulder: Damage to Spinal Accessory Nerve / Trapezius* *43. Compression of Dens/Odontoid Process: Rupture of Transverse Ligament* *44. Fracture/Compression of Pedicles: Rupture of Cruciform Ligament* *45. Hangman􀍛s Fracture: Pars Inter-articularis \~ Spondylolysis of C2 (Anterior Displacement* *= Spondylolisthesis)* *46. Whiplash: Hyperextension Injury + Torn Anterior Longitudinal Ligament* *47. Jefferson: Burst Fracture of C1/C2 ONLY 􀃆 Damage to Anterior/Posterior Arches* *48. Wedge/Compression Fracture: Loss of Height 􀍴 Vertebral Compression* *49. Chance Fracture: Transverse Fracture w. Anterior Compression of Vertebral Body @* *T12-L2 = Forward Flexion (LAP SEATBELT INJURY)* *50. Burst Fracture: Severe Compression + Vertebral Body Spread out all directions* *(Anything below C2)* *51. Spondolysis: Fracture of Superior/ Inferior Articular Process / Pars Interarticularis* *(DOG COLLAR)* *52. Spondolysthesis: Vertebra slips anteriorly* *53. Epidural Drainage: Internal Vertebral Plexus of Batson* *54. Dorsal Rami: Innervation of Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles* *55. Ventral Rami: Mixed Spinal nerves To/From all body minus back and head cranial nerve* *56. Triangle of Petit:* *Medial Border: Latissimus Dorsi* *Lateral Border: External Abdominal Oblique* *Inferior Border: Iliac Crest* *Floor: Internal Abdominal Oblique* *57. Triangle of Auscultation: Lat Dorsi + Trapezius + Scapula* *58. Indirect Inguial Hernia: Located @ Inguinal Canal* *59. Direct Inguinal Canal: Located @ He􀆐􀆐elbach􀍛􀆐 T􀆌iangle* *60. Femoral Hernia: Located below Inguinal Ligament* *61. Klippel-Feil Syndrome: Reduction/Fusion of Cervical Vertebrae 􀃆 Stiff neck + Limited* *Motion* *62. Chiari II Malformation: Herniation of medulla and cerebellum into foramen magnum* *63. Hydrocephalus: Over Production of CSF / Interference with absorption* *64. Tethered Cord Syndrome: defective closure of neural tube + Low Conus Medularris /* *Thick Filum Terminale* *65. Artery of Adamkiewicz / Great Radicular Artery: Blood Supply to Anterior/Posterior* *Spinal Arteries* *66. Dorsal Root ganglia: Neural Crest Cell* *67. Nucleus Pulposis: Remnant of Notochord* *68. Spinal Cord: Neural Tube* *69. Annulus Fibrosis: Sclerotome Component of Somite* *70. Somites: Derived from Sclerotome*