Parasitology Notes PDF

Parasitology Notes  Leishmania is transported by Sandfly, and mainly invade macrophage  Leishmania chagasi doesn't found in Sudan  H.nana is known as dwarf tapeworm, 4 cm, egg is the infective stage.  A.lumbricoides is known as giant roundworm  B.co...

Parasitology Notes  Leishmania is transported by Sandfly, and mainly invade macrophage  Leishmania chagasi doesn't found in Sudan  H.nana is known as dwarf tapeworm, 4 cm, egg is the infective stage.  A.lumbricoides is known as giant roundworm  B.coli is the largest protozoa at all  F.buski is an intestinal fluke and it is the largest flukes at all  T.solium gravid proglottid has fewer uterine branches than T.saginata  The infective stage of T.saginata is cysticercus bovis and for T.solium cysticercus cellulose  The scolex of T.saginata has 4 suckers and circle of hook while T.solium has 4 suckers and no hook  Intermediate host of T.saginata is cattle and for T.solium is pig  The definitive host of both tenia is Human  Inflamed eye caused by T.cruze is called Roman's sign  Dogs are the most important definitive hosts of E.granulosus while the sheep and man are the intermediate one  Both herpes virus and pox virus are DNA enveloped viruses  Cyst is the infective stage of G.lambilia while it's diagnostic stage both cyst and trophozoyte  The infective stage of D.latum is Plerocercoid or sparganum larvae  The definitive host for D.latum is the human  The eggs of D.latum are hatch in fresh water  The infective stage of Fasciola hepatica is metacercariae  Some of Liver flukes are (F.hepatica and C.sinensis) and F.buski is an intestinal fluke  Intermediate host of W.bancrofi is female mosquito; anopheles and culex  Intermediate host of O.volvulus is female blackfly, simulium  Intermediate host of Loa Loa is the deer fly (Chrysops)  Loa loa microfilaria have diurnal periodicity and sheathed  O.volvulus microfilaria have diurnal periodicity and unsheathed  Best time when w.bancrofti can be detected in blood sample; 10 p.m – 4 a.m (nocturnal periodicity)  The normal O.volvulus lifespan is up to 10 year  Skin snip is the best sample to diagnose O.volvulus, the blood for loa loa  Hook worms are oviparous not a true filarial, they can cause megaloblastic anemia  The infective stage of T.gondi is oocyst in domestic cat feaces which represent the  definitive host  T.gondi doesn’t invade the central nervous system  Schistosoma belong to trematode and can cause hypertension  Shistosoma egg doesn't contain operculum  The complication of schistosomal infection is due to the presence of eggs that cause granuloma and blockage (not the adult worm and there is no toxin produced)  The adult worm of Schistosoma never appear in Stool sample  Trophozoite of P. falciparum is called a ring stage  Plasmodium is a haemoparasite  ICT for malaria can detect HRP2 (histidin rich protein), pLDH (species-specific lactate dehydrogenase and aldolase enzyme  The precipitation line thickness of ICT is related to the level of parasitemia Names of the parasite Intermediate host Defective Infective stage Diagnostic stage host Entamoeba histolytica Cysts Cysts+trophozoite Giardia Lamblia Cysts Cyst+trophozoite Balantidium Coli Cysts Cyst+trophozoite Ascaris Lumbricoides Embryonated Un/fertilized egg egg(+larva3) Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite trophozoite Taenia saginata cattle human Cysticercus eggs and proglottids bovis Taenia solium Pig human Cysticercus eggs and proglottids cellulose Diphyllobothium latum 1st Cyclops human Plerocercoid/ Unembroynated egg 2nd Fish sparganum Hymenolepis nana Flea /beelte human Egg Egg Trypanosoma cruzi Triatomine(kissing human metacyclic trypomastigotes bug) trypomastigote Trypanosoma brucei Testse fly (Glossina) human metacyclic trypomastigotes rhodesiense trypomastigote Leishmania domain Sand fly human promastigotes amastigotes Leishmania tropica Sand fly human promastigotes amastigotes Leishmania braziliensis Sand fly human promastigotes amastigotes Wuchereria bancrofti Female Mosquito human Larva stage 3 microfilaria (anopheles+culex) Loa Loa Horsefly (Chrysops) Human Larva stage 3 Microfilaria Onchocerca volvulus Female blackfly human Larva stage 3 microfilaria (Simulium) Fasciolopsis buski Snail Human, pig metracercariae Unembroynated Fasciola hepatica Snail Human, metracercariae egg sheep, pig Schistosoma haematobium Snail(bulins) human Cercariae Egg Schistosoma mansoni Snail(Biomphalaria) human Cercariae Egg Schistosoma japonicum Snail (onchmelania) human Cercariae Egg Echinococcus granulosus Human+sheep Dog eggs hydatid cyst Plasmodium falciparum human Mosquito sporozoites Trophozoites+Schizonts (anopheles) + gametocyte Plasmodium vivax human Mosquito Sporozoites Trophozoites+Schizonts + gametocyte Plasmodium ovale human Mosquito sporozoites Trophozoites+Schizonts + gametocyte Plasmodium malariae human Mosquito sporozoites Trophozoites+Schizonts + gametocyte Toxoplasma gondii human Cat oocyst tissue cysts Human is the intermediate host. They share same I.S & D.S. Snail is the intermediate host. Direct life cycle.