Parasites of KANGAROO.pdf

Parasites of KANGAROO Gastrointestinal tract: Stomach: Protozoa: entamoeba spp Intestin: Protozoa: giardia spp Nematode: hypodontus macropi Liver: Cestoda: progamotaenia festiva Lungs: Protozoa: pneumocystis catinii CNS: Protozoa: toxoplasma gon...

Parasites of KANGAROO Gastrointestinal tract: Stomach: Protozoa: entamoeba spp Intestin: Protozoa: giardia spp Nematode: hypodontus macropi Liver: Cestoda: progamotaenia festiva Lungs: Protozoa: pneumocystis catinii CNS: Protozoa: toxoplasma gondii Intestin: Parasites of KANGAROO Nematode: hypodontus macropi Infection: percutaneous or oral with L3 Pathogenesis and symptoms: “Larva migrans cutanea“ (in case of reinfections) Anaemia catarrhal or hemorrhagic enterocolitis Steatorrhoe, Anorexia, Hypoalbuminaemia (Oedema) Diagnose: Eggs (Strongyle-Type) in Flotation Therapy: Levamisol, (Pro)-Benzimidazole, macrocyclic lactones Localization: parasitized the ileum, cecum and colon :Ileocecal valve Pathology: Oral capsule takes large mucosa plugs (lamina propria and submucosa) Infiltration of the ileocecal mucosa with PMN Haemorrhages due to a change of attachment site Liver: Parasites of KANGAROO Cestoda: progamotaenia festiva Lungs: Parasites of KANGAROO Protozoa: pneumocystis catinii = jirovecii Prepatency: 7 days Patency: 2 weeks Previously a protozoa. Now, it is considered a fungus based on nucleic acid and biochemical analysis. Asexual phase: trophic forms replicate by mitosis. Sexual phase: haploid trophic forms conjugate and produce a zygote or sporocyte (early cyst). The zygote undergoes meiosis and subsequent mitosis to produce eight haploid nuclei (late phase cyst). Spores exhibit different shapes (such as, spherical and elongated forms). It is postulated that elongation of the spores precedes release from the spore case, which may occur through a rent in the cell wall. After release, the empty spore case usually collapses, but retains some residual cytoplasm. CNS: Parasites of KANGAROO Protozoa: toxoplasma gondii most commonly in the heart and rarely in the brain and lung. Kangaroos and wallabies are highly susceptible to systemic toxoplasmosis and outbreaks can be devastating. Nystagmus, Head tremor, Lethargy, Ataxy not enough data to prove free- ranging CNS: Protozoa: toxoplasma gondii Parasites of KANGAROO The presence of humans and our activities have often exposed wildlife to various infectious diseases. Wildlife are usually seen as a source of potentially harmful infectious diseases, and are often treated as the "bad guys" when it comes to pathogens. But in fact, sometimes wildlife have more to fear from us, and they act as sentinels, sinks, and sufferers of emerging infectious diseases which had been brought about through human action. Parasites Gone Wild! Since the introduction of dogs and domestic livestock, macropods such as kangaroos and wallaby have become host to cysts of hydatid tapeworms. Hydatid infections in macropods come from eggs which are deposited in the environment by farm dogs which have the adult tapeworms living in their intestine. The dogs themselves acquire the worm from feeding on offal of infected livestock. Thus our canine companions are acting as the conduit for hydatid to jump from livestocks (one of their original hosts) to the likes of Skippy.