Parasites LEC7 PDF

COCCIDIA (sporozoa) Certainly! Here are 30 true/false and 30 multiple-choice questions with answers based on the provided text about Sporozoa and Toxoplasma gondii. ### True/False Questions: 1. Sporozoa are eukaryotic cells. (True) 2. Sporozoa are multicellular organisms. (False) 3. Sporozoa mo...

COCCIDIA (sporozoa) Certainly! Here are 30 true/false and 30 multiple-choice questions with answers based on the provided text about Sporozoa and Toxoplasma gondii. ### True/False Questions: 1. Sporozoa are eukaryotic cells. (True) 2. Sporozoa are multicellular organisms. (False) 3. Sporozoa move by gliding in liquids. (True) 4. Sporozoa have well-defined organelles. (False) 5. Sporozoa can live on multiple hosts. (True) 6. Sporozoa perform food and excretion processes by diffusion. (True) 7. Sporozoa cause diseases. (True) 8. Sporozoa reproduce only sexually. (False) 9. Sporozoa have a specified size. (False) 10. Sporozoa have a specified shape. (False) 11. Sporozoa belong to the kingdom Animalia. (True) 12. Plasmodium is a genus in the Haemosporidia family. (True) 13. Toxoplasma gondii is an intestinal parasite. (True) 14. Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite of dogs. (False) 15. Toxoplasma gondii causes abortion in pregnant women. (True) 16. Toxoplasma gondii can only infect cats. (False) 17. Cats are the definitive hosts for T. gondii. (True) 18. T. gondii can undergo sexual reproduction in humans. (False) 19. T. gondii belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa. (True) 20. Babesia is a genus in the Piroplasmida family. (True) 21. T. gondii is found only in tropical regions. (False) 22. Humans can be intermediate hosts for T. gondii. (True) 23. The sexual reproduction of T. gondii occurs in birds. (False) 24. T. gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite. (True) 25. T. gondii can infect virtually all warm-blooded animals. (True) 26. Toxoplasmosis is caused by T. gondii. (True) 27. T. gondii can be transported via cat litter. (True) 28. The asexual component of T. gondii's life cycle occurs only in cats. (False) 29. T. gondii belongs to the class Sporozoa. (True) 30. Sporozoa are classified under the subkingdom Protozoa. (True) ### Multiple-Choice Questions: 1. What type of cells are Sporozoa? - a) Prokaryotic - b) Eukaryotic - c) Bacterial - d) Viral - **Answer: b) Eukaryotic** 2. How do Sporozoa move? - a) Flagella - b) Cilia  - c) Glide in the liquids - d) Pseudopodia - **Answer: c) Glide in the liquids** 3. Which kingdom do Sporozoa belong to? - a) Plantae - b) Fungi - c) Animalia - d) Monera - **Answer: c) Animalia** 4. What is the genus of the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis? - a) Plasmodium - b) Toxoplasma - c) Babesia - d) Giardia - **Answer: b) Toxoplasma** 5. Toxoplasma gondii primarily parasitizes which animal? - a) Dogs - b) Birds - c) Cats - d) Fish - **Answer: c) Cats** 6. Which family does Plasmodium belong to? - a) Haemosporidia - b) Coccidia - c) Piroplasmida - d) Sarcodina - **Answer: a) Haemosporidia** 7. What type of reproduction does T. gondii undergo in cats? - a) Asexual - b) Sexual - c) Binary fission - d) Budding - **Answer: b) Sexual** 8. In which subkingdom are Sporozoa classified? - a) Metazoa - b) Protozoa - c) Chromista - d) Plantae - **Answer: b) Protozoa** 9. What is one major disease caused by T. gondii? - a) Malaria - b) Toxoplasmosis  - c) Babesiosis - d) Giardiasis - **Answer: b) Toxoplasmosis** 10. How can T. gondii be transmitted to humans? - a) Airborne spores - b) Water contamination - c) Cat litter and meat - d) Direct contact - **Answer: c) Cat litter and meat** 11. Which class does Toxoplasma gondii belong to? - a) Ciliophora - b) Sarcodina - c) Sporozoa - d) Euglenoidea - **Answer: c) Sporozoa** 12. What is the shape of Toxoplasma gondii? - a) Rod-shaped - b) Spherical - c) Moon-shaped - d) Spiral - **Answer: c) Moon-shaped** 13. Which genus belongs to the family Coccidia? - a) Plasmodium - b) Toxoplasma - c) Babesia - d) Giardia - **Answer: b) Toxoplasma** 14. Which family does Babesia belong to? - a) Haemosporidia - b) Coccidia - c) Piroplasmida - d) Sarcodina - **Answer: c) Piroplasmida** 15. What is the primary mode of excretion for Sporozoa? - a) Filtration - b) Active transport - c) Diffusion - d) Endocytosis - **Answer: c) Diffusion** 16. Which type of host are cats for T. gondii? - a) Intermediate host - b) Definitive host  - c) Secondary host - d) Accidental host - **Answer: b) Definitive host** 17. In which phylum are Sporozoa classified? - a) Mollusca - b) Apicomplexa - c) Arthropoda - d) Annelida - **Answer: b) Apicomplexa** 18. What kind of intracellular parasite is T. gondii? - a) Facultative - b) Obligate - c) Opportunistic - d) Free-living - **Answer: b) Obligate** 19. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Sporozoa? - a) Unicellular - b) Eukaryotic - c) Multicellular - d) Parasitic - **Answer: c) Multicellular** 20. Which process is NOT involved in T. gondii's reproduction? - a) Gametogony - b) Schizogony - c) Binary fission - d) Sexual reproduction - **Answer: c) Binary fission** 21. How do Sporozoa obtain their nutrients? - a) Photosynthesis - b) Diffusion - c) Ingestion - d) Absorption - **Answer: b) Diffusion** 22. Where does the sexual component of T. gondii's life cycle occur? - a) Humans - b) Birds - c) Cats - d) Fish - **Answer: c) Cats** 23. Which of the following is an intermediate host for T. gondii? - a) Cats - b) Fish  - c) Humans - d) Plants - **Answer: c) Humans** 24. T. gondii belongs to which family? - a) Piroplasmida - b) Coccidia - c) Sarcodina - d) Euglenoidea - **Answer: b) Coccidia** 25. What is one possible consequence of T. gondii infection in pregnant women? - a) Skin rash - b) Abortion - c) Hair loss - d) Weight gain - **Answer: b) Abortion** 26. Which characteristic does NOT apply to Sporozoa? - a) Eukaryotic - b) Multicellular - c) Unicellular - d) Parasitic - **Answer: b) Multicellular** 27. What is the definitive host for T. gondii? - a) Humans - b) Birds - c) Cats - d) Dogs - **Answer: c) Cats** 28. Which genus belongs to the family Haemosporidia? - a) Toxoplasma - b) Plasmodium - c) Babesia - d) Giardia - **Answer: b) Plasmodium** 29. Which disease is NOT caused by a member of the Sporozoa class? - a) Malaria - b) Toxoplasmosis - c) Babesiosis - d) Giardiasis - **Answer: d) Giardiasis** 30. What is unique about T. gondii's reproduction in cats? - a) It reproduces asexually - b) It reproduces sexually  - c) It reproduces by binary fission - d) It does not reproduce in cats - **Answer: b) It reproduces sexually** Feel free to explore more about the fascinating world of protozoa and their complex life cycles! ### True/False Questions with Corrections: 1. T. gondii undergoes sexual reproduction in cats. (True) 2. T. gondii oocysts are produced in the cat's small intestine. (True) 3. Tachyzoites replicate outside host cells. (False - Inside host cells) 4. Tachyzoites convert to bradyzoites during chronic infection. (True) 5. Sporozoites are found in tissue cysts. (False - Found in oocysts) 6. Bradyzoites are the rapidly dividing stage of T. gondii. (False - Slowly dividing) 7. Merozoites are responsible for sexual reproduction in cats. (False - Convert to sexual stages) 8. Tachyzoites are responsible for expanding the parasite population during acute infection. (True) 9. Tachyzoites spread via the bloodstream. (True) 10. Bradyzoites are found in oocysts. (False - Found in tissue cysts) 11. T. gondii can infect epithelial cells of the small intestine. (True) 12. Merozoites are found in intermediate hosts. (False - Found in feline hosts) 13. Tachyzoites can be transmitted through tissue cysts. (True) 14. Sporozoites convert to tachyzoites in warm-blooded hosts. (True) 15. Sexual reproduction of T. gondii occurs in all warm-blooded animals. (False - Only in cats) 16. Bradyzoites are the stage responsible for latent infection. (True) 17. Oocysts are formed after sexual reproduction. (True) 18. Tachyzoites are the motile stage of the parasite. (True) 19. Merozoites are found in the bloodstream. (False - Found in feline intestine) 20. Oocysts contain tachyzoites. (False - Contain sporozoites) 21. T. gondii can infect brain tissues. (True) 22. Sporozoites are the proliferative stage of T. gondii. (False - Tachyzoites are) 23. Bradyzoites are found within parasitophorous vacuoles. (False - Tachyzoites are) 24. Tachyzoites multiply until the host cell dies and ruptures. (True) 25. T. gondii causes symptoms like fever and muscle aches. (True) 26. Treatment is recommended for all infected individuals. (False - Only for those with serious health problems) 27. Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole is used to treat active toxoplasmosis. (False - Prevents, but does not treat active disease) 28. Tachyzoites are responsible for memory irritation. (False - Symptom is caused by the infection, not specifically tachyzoites) 29. Merozoites convert into noninfectious sexual stages. (True) 30. Bradyzoites can be found in unstained T. gondii tissue cysts. (True) 31. Sporozoites are found in oocysts consumed by warm-blooded hosts. (True) 32. Tachyzoites and merozoites have similar functions. (False - Different stages and roles) 33. Treatment of toxoplasmosis is always required. (False - Not always required) 34. Tachyzoites are found in the cat's small intestine. (False - Found throughout the host's body) 35. The definitive host for T. gondii is humans. (False - Cats are the definitive host) 36. Tachyzoites are responsible for the initial acute infection. (True) 37. T. gondii can cause general irritation. (True) 38. Tachyzoites convert to merozoites in cats. (False - Bradyzoites convert to merozoites in cats) 39. Symptoms of T. gondii infection include fever and flu-like symptoms. (True) 40. Sporozoites are the initial infectious stage in warm-blooded hosts. (True) ### Multiple-Choice Questions with Answers: 1. Where does sexual reproduction of T. gondii occur? - a) Humans - b) Birds - c) Cats - d) Dogs - **Answer: c) Cats** 2. What stage of T. gondii is found in oocysts? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Sporozoites - d) Merozoites - **Answer: c) Sporozoites** 3. What is the primary characteristic of tachyzoites? - a) Slowly dividing - b) Found in oocysts - c) Motile and quickly multiplying - d) Responsible for sexual reproduction - **Answer: c) Motile and quickly multiplying** 4. What type of cells do tachyzoites infect?  - a) Epithelial cells - b) Muscle cells - c) Blood cells - d) Nerve cells - **Answer: a) Epithelial cells** 5. What happens to host cells when tachyzoites replicate inside? - a) Host cells divide - b) Host cells die and rupture - c) Host cells become dormant - d) Host cells transform into cysts - **Answer: b) Host cells die and rupture** 6. Which stage of T. gondii is found within parasitophorous vacuoles? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites - **Answer: a) Tachyzoites** 7. Which drug is used to prevent toxoplasmosis? - a) Penicillin - b) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole - c) Aspirin - d) Metronidazole  - **Answer: b) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole** 8. What stage converts into tachyzoites upon infection? - a) Merozoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Sporozoites - d) Gametocytes - **Answer: b) Bradyzoites** 9. What is the primary function of merozoites? - a) Sexual reproduction - b) Tissue cyst formation - c) Rapid population growth in the cat intestine - d) Bloodstream spread - **Answer: c) Rapid population growth in the cat intestine** 10. Which stage of T. gondii is responsible for latent infection? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites - **Answer: b) Bradyzoites** 11. What are the symptoms of T. gondii infection?  - a) Skin rash - b) Fever and flu-like symptoms - c) Hair loss - d) Weight gain - **Answer: b) Fever and flu-like symptoms** 12. Which stage of T. gondii is found in tissue cysts? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites - **Answer: b) Bradyzoites** 13. What is the definitive host for T. gondii? - a) Humans - b) Birds - c) Cats - d) Dogs - **Answer: c) Cats** 14. How is T. gondii transmitted to cats? - a) Airborne spores - b) Water contamination - c) Consuming infected mice - d) Direct contact  - **Answer: c) Consuming infected mice** 15. Which stage of T. gondii is motile and quickly multiplying? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites - **Answer: a) Tachyzoites** 16. What is the treatment for serious T. gondii infections? - a) Antibiotics - b) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole - c) Surgery - d) Antiviral drugs - **Answer: b) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole** 17. Which stage of T. gondii is involved in sexual reproduction within cats? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites - **Answer: c) Merozoites** 18. How do tachyzoites spread throughout the body?  - a) Through the bloodstream - b) Through the lymphatic system - c) By direct contact - d) By air - **Answer: a) Through the bloodstream** 19. What is found inside oocysts? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Sporozoites - d) Merozoites - **Answer: c) Sporozoites** 20. Which stage converts to bradyzoites to form tissue cysts? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Merozoites - c) Sporozoites - d) Gametocytes - **Answer: a) Tachyzoites** 21. What are tachyzoites responsible for during an acute infection? - a) Tissue cyst formation - b) Expanding the parasite population - c) Sexual reproduction - d) Latent infection  - **Answer: b) Expanding the parasite population** 22. Which stage of T. gondii infects epithelial cells? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites - **Answer: a) Tachyzoites** 23. What is the primary reservoir for T. gondii? - a) Dogs - b) Cats - c) Birds - d) Fish - **Answer: b) Cats** 24. How do tachyzoites enter host cells? - a) Through active invasion - b) Through passive diffusion - c) By endocytosis - d) By phagocytosis - **Answer: a) Through active invasion** 25. What type of vacuole do tachyzoites replicate inside?  - a) Parasitophorous vacuoles - b) Cytoplasmic vacuoles - c) Lysosomal vacuoles - d) Endocytic vacuoles - **Answer: a) Parasitophorous vacuoles** 26. Which stage of T. gondii is found in the brain during infection? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites - **Answer: b) Bradyzoites** 27. How does T. gondii affect pregnant women? - a) Causes skin rash - b) Causes abortion - c) Causes weight gain - d) Causes hair loss - **Answer: b) Causes abortion** 28. What is the preferred treatment for preventing toxoplasmosis? - a) Penicillin - b) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole - c) Aspirin - d) Metronidazole  - **Answer: b) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole** 29. What is the role of bradyzoites in the life cycle of T. gondii? - a) Rapid population growth - b) Tissue cyst formation - c) Sexual reproduction - d) Motility - **Answer: b) Tissue cyst formation** 30. What does T. gondii infection cause in humans? - a) Skin rash - b) Fever and flu-like symptoms - c) Weight gain - d) Hair loss - **Answer: b) Fever and flu-like symptoms** 31. How are sporozoites released from oocysts? - a) By ingestion - b) By direct contact - c) By rupture - d) By active transport - **Answer: a) By ingestion** 32. What stage of T. gondii converts to tachyzoites in warm-blooded hosts?  - a) Sporozoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Gametocytes - **Answer: a) Sporozoites** 33. What is the primary consequence of tachyzoite replication? - a) Host cell division - b) Host cell death and rupture - c) Host cell transformation - d) Host cell dormancy - **Answer: b) Host cell death and rupture** 34. What is the definitive host for T. gondii? - a) Humans - b) Birds - c) Cats - d) Dogs - **Answer: c) Cats** 35. Which stage of T. gondii is responsible for the initial acute infection? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites  - **Answer: a) Tachyzoites** 36. What is the preferred treatment for active toxoplasmosis? - a) Penicillin - b) Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole - c) Metronidazole - d) Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine - **Answer: d) Pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine** 37. Which stage of T. gondii is found in the brain during infection? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites - **Answer: b) Bradyzoites** 38. What is the primary method of T. gondii transmission to humans? - a) Airborne spores - b) Water contamination - c) Consuming undercooked meat - d) Direct contact - **Answer: c) Consuming undercooked meat** 39. What is the primary role of tachyzoites during infection?  - a) Tissue cyst formation - b) Rapid population expansion - c) Sexual reproduction - d) Latent infection - **Answer: b) Rapid population expansion** 40. Which stage of T. gondii is involved in sexual reproduction within cats? - a) Tachyzoites - b) Bradyzoites - c) Merozoites - d) Sporozoites - **Answer: c) Merozoites** Feel free to delve deeper into the fascinating life cycle and stages of T. gondii to understand more about this complex parasite!