Toxoplasma gondii PDF

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i i- Toxoplasma gondii co kVK T 39 f* i ii gfSWI # # i:\\\ A % % AH I w DO & - /» G V\. J K m i V -t'&TA ITI n n i B  Toxoplasma gondii □ JL , T. gondii infected all warm blooded animals, including human. □ It is benign parasite in immune-competent people, but can cause death in immune-deficient people and fetus. □ Tachyzoite or (trophozoite) present in the blood. □ Bradyzoite or (cysts) present in the skeletal muscle and central nervous system and it affect any nucleated tissue. □ Oocysts: oval shape; two sporocysts (each contain 4 sporozoite). □ Acute phase caused by tachyzoite (7-20) days. □ Chronic phase of disease caused by bradyzoite (for year). □ Definitive host (final host): cat □ Intermediate host; human and any animal.  Morphology - — Shaped tachyzoite range in size 3-7 pm by 2-4 pm. One end of organism often appear more rounded than the other. Each tachyzoite have a single nucleus surrounded by cell membrane. '"Cono'd complex Vacuolar and J Micronemo l Rhoptry m '/Md t \ Dense granule endosomaHka Apicoplast v>e sides Golgi apparatus tf Miochandrion Subpefcutar microtubules Endoplasmic reticulum to lltf Nucleus Plasma membrane A Inner > Petek; membrane complex A Posterior polo  Transmission l. Intermediate host: human, birds, ruminants and rodents. 2. Final host, cat  Life cycle ❖ In cat (definitive host): Ingestion of organism (either sporozoite from oocysts or bradyzoite from tissue). Invade the mucosal cell of the small intestine of cats then they form schizont (asexual) and gametocytes (sexual). After sexual fusion of gametes, zygote are formed and a thin wall protect the zygote and an oocysts develops. then exit into the gut lumen, then passes out via feces as an oocysts with a single sporoblast. Within each oocyst 2 sporocyst form (zygote divide into 2 sporoblast ) in about 3-4 days, 4 sporozoite forms within each sporocyst (8 sporozoite) (infective oocysts). i ❖ Life cycle In human (intermediate host). l. Eating undercooked contaminated meat. 2. Eating food that was contaminated by knife, utensils, cutting boards and other food that contact with raw contaminated meat. 3. Drinking water contaminated with cat feces. 4. Contaminated meat after handling it and not washing hands. 5. Mother to fetus (congenital) transmission. 6. Blood transmission or organ transplantation. J (fc)) ® Fecal contamination of soil & water bodies Fecal Oocyst Jnsporulated) 1.. Vegetables, Fruits, Crops, Life cycle _ _® Bradyzolte (Sporulated) m m Brain -c Kye rr i WuSoESEd) LIFE CYCLE OF Toxoplasma gondii (€)) Consumption of Vegan Food Cat (Definitive Host) /X % 0 > Tissue Cysts JFi ft Rat & Sparrow (Intermediate Host) l Tissue Cyst" Consumption m rFecal Oocyst (Sporulated) of Meat aI < n (Unsporulatcd) l £* Ingestion of contaminated a, i 7' Myocardium crops, soil, feces. fry- i fiS ®(Sporulated) Tissue Cyst Skeletal Muscle Meat Animals  Pathogenesis M □ Immunocompetent. Cervical lymphadenopathy, fatigue, chorioretinitis and flu-like symptoms □ Immunocompromised. 11 Encephalitis, brain abscess, seizures, retinochoroiditis. □ Ocular. Chorioretinitis, visual loss. 1 □ Pregnancy. Abortion, intrauterine death. V s After birth: hydrocephalus, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, Jaundice, cerebral calcification and mental retardation. 4 1- ELISA: IgM, IgG and IgA. 2- PCR: Diagnosis t I WA - E s.. i.- : PM*«MKWd hfedtwi MIX UnifiH T parcHOHA Jt □ Trearment Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine or clindamycin + folinic acid. (orally). □ Trimethoprine + sulfamethoxazole, (injection) □ During pregnancy: Spiramycin tnnnnraqiM'j t