Pakistan Studies history.pdf

Pakistan Studies (2059) Paper 1 Section 1 Cultural and Historical Background to the Pakistan Movement Religious Thinkers Why did Syed Ahmad Barelvi call for Jihad to overthrow...

Pakistan Studies (2059) Paper 1 Section 1 Cultural and Historical Background to the Pakistan Movement Religious Thinkers Why did Syed Ahmad Barelvi call for Jihad to overthrow Sikh rule in the early nineteenth century? [N 2018] Explain why Shah Waliullah was an important figure for the Muslim community during the eighteenth century. [N 2020] Did Shah Waliullah contribute more to the spread of Islam than anyone else in the subcontinent before 1850? Explain your answer. [J 2016] Did Haji Shariatullah contribute more to the spread of Islam than anyone else in the subcontinent before 1850? Explain your answer. [N 2017] Did Syed Ahmad Barelvi contribute more to the spread of Islam than anyone else in the subcontinent before 1840? Explain your answer. [J 2019] ‘The work of Shah Waliullah was the main factor contributing to the spread of Islam between 1700 and 1850.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [J 2021] Decline of the Mughal Empire Who was Ahmad Shah Durrani? [J 2019] Describe the Jizya tax. [N 2020] Why were the Marathas defeated after the decline of the Mughal Empire? [N 2017] Explain why the Mughal Empire declined following the death of Aurangzeb. [N 2019] Was the in-fighting between Aurangzeb’s successors the most important reason for the break-up of the Mughal Empire? Explain your answer. [J 2017] Was British expansion in India the most important reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire? Explain your answer. [N 2018] Were the policies of Aurangzeb the main reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire? Explain your answer. [J 2020] East India Company and British Expansion Who were zamindars? [J 2017] Who were the Thuggee? [N 2017] Who was Warren Hastings? [N 2017] Who was Titu Mir? [J 2018] Who was Lakshmibai? [N 2018] Who was Lord Wellesley? [J 2019] Who was Mir Qasim? [J 2020] Describe the achievements of Ranjit Singh. [J 2021] Describe what happened at the battle of Buxar. [N 2021] Explain the appeal of India to the East India Company during the early seventeenth century. [J 2016] Topical Question Bank 2018 – 2021 Pakistan Studies (2059) Paper 1 Why was Britain so successful in expanding its control of the sub-continent between 1750 and 1850? [N 2016] Why was Robert Clive appointed the first Governor of Bengal? [J 2017] Why did the East India Company become involved in the Indian subcontinent during the seventeenth century? [N 2017] Explain why the British wanted to trade in India from 1600. [J 2019] Explain why Britain was able to expand into the subcontinent between 1750 and 1850. [J 2020] How far was Indian resistance to British expansion in the subcontinent successful before 1850? [N 2017] War of Independence 1857-58 What happened at Cawnpore in 1857? [J 2016] Who was Nana Sahib? [N 2016] Why did the War of Independence of 1857 not succeed? [J 2019] Was religion the most important reason for the War of Independence in 1857? Give reasons for your answer. [J 2018] Did educational reforms have a greater effect on the Indian people than any other changes introduced by the British between 1773 and 1856? Explain your answer. [N 2019] To what extent were the outcomes of the War of Independence beneficial for India? Explain your answer. [J 2021] Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Describe ‘The Loyal Mohammedans of India’. [N 2019] Explain why Sir Syed Ahmad Khan tried to improve relations between the Muslim community and the British. [J 2018] Explain why Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wanted to improve relations between the Muslim community and the British after the War of Independence. [N 2021] Was the development of a western education system the greatest achievement of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan? Explain your answer. [N 2016] Were Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s religious views his most important contribution to the Muslim cause after 1857? Explain your answer. [J 2019] ‘The “Two-Nation” Theory was Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s main contribution to the development of the Pakistan Movement during the nineteenth century.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [N 2020] Urdu and Regional Languages of Pakistan Explain why Urdu was chosen as the national language of Pakistan in 1947. [N 2018] Explain why Muhammad Ali Jinnah chose Urdu as the national language of Pakistan. [J 2021] Source-Based Questions June 2015 (British in India) June 2017 (India in the nineteenth century) Topical Question Bank 2018 – 2021 Pakistan Studies (2059) Paper 1 June 2019 (East India Company and its relationship with the subcontinent in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries) June 2020 (Growing influence of the East India Company) November 2020 (British in India during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries) November 2021 (The Mughal Empire) Section 2 The Emergence of Pakistan 1906–47 Partition of Bengal Controversy, 1905-11 What was the Swadeshi Movement? [J 2018] Explain why the British partitioned Bengal in 1905. [J 2016] Explain how the British reacted to Hindu-led protests against the Partition of Bengal between 1906 and 1908. [N 2018] How successful was the 1905 Partition of Bengal? Explain your answer. [J 2020] Formation of the Muslim League Explain why the Muslim community felt it necessary to form their own political party in 1906. [J 2018] Explain why the Muslim League was formed in 1906. [J 2021] Was the partition of Bengal the main reason for the formation of the Muslim League in 1906? Give reasons for your answer. [N 2016] Was the Simla Deputation of 1906 the most important reason for the formation of the Muslim League later that same year? Explain your answer. [N 2019] Pakistan Movement During the Early 20th Century What were the terms of the Indian Councils Act of 1909? [J 2016] Describe what happened at Lucknow in 1916. [N 2016] Who was General Dyer? [J 2020] Describe the events that took place at Jallianwalla Bagh in 1919. [N 2021] Explain why the Congress Party opposed the Morley–Minto reforms of 1909. [N 2021] Was the introduction of the Rowlatt Act in 1919 the sole cause of violence in India during 1919 and 1920? Explain your answer. [J 2016] The Khilafat Movement What was Satyagraha? [N 2019] Describe the Hijrat Movement. [N 2020] Why did the Khilafat Movement emerge? [N 2016] Explain why the Khilafat Movement ended in 1924. [J 2020] Was the withdrawal of Gandhi’s support the most important reason for the decline of the Khilafat Movement? Explain your answer. [J 2017] Topical Question Bank 2018 – 2021 Pakistan Studies (2059) Paper 1 Was the Moplah uprising in 1921 the main reason for the end of the Khilafat Movement? Explain your answer. [J 2019] ‘The imprisonment of its leaders was the main reason for the Khilafat Movement ending.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [N 2021] Round Table Conferences & Communal Award What was the Communal Award? [N 2018] Why was the Second Round Table Conference of 1931 unsuccessful? [J 2017] Explain why there were three Round Table Conferences between 1930 and 1932. [N 2019] Explain why there were three Round Table Conferences between 1930 and 1932. [N 2020] Was the First Round Table Conference of 1930 more successful than the two that followed in 1931 and 1932? Explain your answer. [J 2018] Congress Rule, 1937-39 What was the ‘Day of Deliverance’? [J 2020] Explain why the Muslim community objected to the rule of the Congress party between 1937 and 1939. [J 2019] Was the introduction of the Wardha Scheme the main reason why Congress rule (1937–1939) was disliked by the Muslim community? Give reasons for your answer. [N 2018] Pakistan Movement in the Years 1927 to 1939 Describe what happened at Allahabad in 1930. [J 2021] Explain why the All India Muslim Conference rejected the Nehru Report in 1928. [N 2016] Explain why there was opposition to the Government of India Act of 1935. [J 2020] Were Jinnah’s 14 Points the most important development in the Pakistan Movement between 1929 and 1940? Explain your answer. [N 2019] Problems Facing Pakistan in the Years 1940 to 1947 What was the June 3 Plan? [N 2016] What happened on Direct Action Day? [N 2017] What was the Cabinet Mission Plan? [N 2019] Describe the Quit India Resolution. [N 2021] Explain why the Gandhi-Jinnah Talks of 1944 did not reach an agreement. [N 2017] Why was the Cripps Mission of 1942 unsuccessful? [N 2019] Explain why Congress and the Muslim League opposed the Cripps Mission of 1942. [J 2021] Were the Gandhi–Jinnah talks the most important factor during the 1940s that led to the partition of the subcontinent in 1947? Give reasons for your answer. [J 2018] To what extent was Direct Action Day more significant in the creation of Pakistan than other key events of the 1940s? Explain your answer. [N 2020] Jinnah, Allama Iqbal and Rahmat Ali How did the name ‘Pakistan’ originate? [J 2017] Topical Question Bank 2018 – 2021 Pakistan Studies (2059) Paper 1 Who was Rahmat Ali? [J 2019] Did Allama Iqbal contribute more to the Pakistan Movement than Rahmat Ali? Explain your answer. [N 2016] Assess the significance of the contributions of Allama Iqbal and Rahmat Ali to the Pakistan Movement. Explain your answer. [J 2020] Source-Based Questions November 2015 (Steps taken towards the creation of Pakistan during the 1940s) November 2016 (Pakistan Movement between 1927 and 1937) November 2017 (India 1927–1935) November 2018 (Pakistan Movement between 1909 and 1919) November 2019 (Congress Rule in India between 1937 and 1939) June 2021 (Anglo-Indian relations between 1911 and the early 1920s) Section 3 Nationhood 1947–99 Establishment Between 1947 and 1948 What was the Radcliffe Award? [J 2018] Describe the refugee crisis of 1947. [N 2018] How successful was Pakistan in solving the problems of Partition during 1947 and 1948? Explain your answer. [J 2016] ‘By 1948 Pakistan had solved the challenges created by Partition.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [N 2021] Various Ministries in the Years 1948–58 What was the ‘One Unit’ Scheme? [J 2016] Why was there a constitutional crisis between 1954 and 1955? [N 2016] Explain why there was a constitutional crisis in 1958. [J 2018] Explain why there were many governments between 1951 and 1958. [J 2019] Explain why there were changes of government between 1951 and 1958. [J 2021] Explain why martial law was implemented in 1958. [N 2021] Which of the following contributed the most to Pakistan’s domestic policies between 1948 and 1958? (i) Khwaja Nazimuddin (ii) Malik Ghulam Muhammad (iii) Iskander Mirza. Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above. [J 2017] Muhammad Ayub Khan and the Decade of Progress What were the Basic Democracies? [J 2017] Who was Fatima Jinnah? [J 2020] Explain why Ayub Khan introduced Martial Law in 1958. [J 2016] Explain why Ayub Khan came to power in 1958. [N 2020] Topical Question Bank 2018 – 2021 Pakistan Studies (2059) Paper 1 Were the economic reforms of Ayub Khan the most important of his domestic policies in the ‘Decade of Progress’ between 1958 and 1969? Explain your answer. [J 2019] ‘Ayub Khan’s agricultural policies were the most effective of the domestic reforms that took place between 1958 and 1969.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [J 2021] Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Describe Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s health reforms of 1972. [J 2016] Describe the Security of Tenure scheme. [N 2020] Describe the terms of the Simla Agreement. [J 2021] Explain why Zulfikar Ali Bhutto’s rule ended in 1977. [J 2017] In which of the following did Zulfikar Ali Bhutto have most success? (i) reform and control of the armed forces (ii) constitutional reform (iii) education and health reforms Explain your answer with reference to all three of the above. [N 2018] Explain why Zulfikar Ali Bhutto reformed education between 1971 and 1977. [N 2021] Zia-ul-Haq What was the Eighth Amendment? [N 2018] Describe the Zakat Ordinance. [J 2019] Describe the main events of Muhammad Khan Junejo’s political career. [J 2021] Why did Zia-ul-Haq find it difficult to rule Pakistan during the late 1980s? [J 2016] Explain why it became more challenging for Zia-ul-Haq to govern Pakistan effectively during the late 1980s. [N 2020] To what extent was the Islamisation programme the most significant domestic policy introduced by the government of Zia-ul-Haq between 1977 and 1988? Explain your answer. [N 2021] Benazir Bhutto What happened at Pucca Qila? [N 2017] Explain why Benazir Bhutto’s government ended in 1996. [J 2020] Were the challenges facing Benazir Bhutto in Sindh the main reason why she left office in 1990? Explain your answer. [J 2018] To what extent did Benazir Bhutto’s privatisation policy contribute to the government being replaced in 1996? Explain your answer. [N 2020] Nawaz Sharif Describe General Pervez Musharraf’s rise to power in 1999. [N 2016] Was the Co-operative Societies scandal the most important reason why Nawaz Sharif fell from office in 1993? Explain your answer. [J 2016] Was the collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) the main reason for the government ending in 1993? Explain your answer. [J 2020] Constitutional Development & Other Problems Explain why the subcontinent was faced with a refugee problem in 1947. [N 2017] Topical Question Bank 2018 – 2021 Pakistan Studies (2059) Paper 1 Why did educational reform become such an important issue between 1947 and 1999? [N 2018] To what extent did Pakistan achieve a new constitution between 1949 and 1973? Explain your answer. [N 2019] Source-Based Questions June 2016 (Formation of Bangladesh) June 2018 (Zia-ul-Haq, President of Pakistan 1978–1988) Pakistan’s Role in World Affairs since 1947 Pakistan as a Nuclear Power Why did being a nuclear power create difficulties for Pakistan in the 1980s and 1990s? [J 2017] Relations with India Describe the ‘cricket diplomacy’ of 1987. [N 2021] Relations with Afghanistan To what extent was the relationship between Pakistan and its neighbour Afghanistan successful from 1947 to 1999? [J 2017] Relations with China What is the Karakoram Highway? [N 2019] How successful was Pakistan in its relationship with China between 1947 and 1999? Give reasons for your answer. [N 2018] Relations with USSR/Russia To what extent was the relationship between Pakistan and USSR successful from 1947 to 1999? Explain your answer. [N 2017] Relations with the United States ‘Pakistan has had good relations with the United States since 1947.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [J 2021] Relations with the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth ‘Pakistan has had good relations with the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth since 1947.’ How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. [N 2020] How successful was Pakistan’s relationship with the UK and the Commonwealth in the years 1947 to 1999? Explain your answer. [N 2016] Relations with the United Nations and the World Organisations What was SEATO? [J 2017] What was CENTO? [J 2018] Topical Question Bank 2018 – 2021 Pakistan Studies (2059) Paper 1 Describe the OIC. [N 2020] Why did Pakistan apply for membership of the United Nations in 1947? [N 2019] How effective has Pakistan been as a member of world organisations between 1947 and 1999? Explain your answer. [N 2017] To what extent has Pakistan been an effective member of world organisations since 1947? Explain your answer. [N 2021] Palestinian Issue Explain why Pakistan has given continued support to the Palestinian cause. [J 2018] Topical Question Bank 2018 – 2021