P2 Heritage Reviewer PDF

P2 HERITAGE REVIEWER FROM PREVIOUS QUIZZES Q: It is declared as National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines. 8 REGI...

P2 HERITAGE REVIEWER FROM PREVIOUS QUIZZES Q: It is declared as National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines. 8 REGIONS IN LUZON A: Mahatao Church of Batanes 1. REGION I (ILOCOS REGION) Q: 2 UNESCO Biosphere rivers in Palawan 2. REGION II (CAGAYAN VALLEY) 1. El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area 3. REGION III (CENTRAL LUZON) 2. Coron Island Natural Biotic Area 4. REGION IV-A (CALABARZON) Q: Largest Island found in Occidental Mindoro 5. REGION IV-B (MIMAROPA) A: Apo Reef Natural Park 6. REGION V (BICOL REGION) Q. Second highest mountain range 7. CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (CAR) A: Mt. Pulag National Park 8. NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION (NCR) Q: How many rivers in Iglit-Baco national park A: 8 Secretary of Tourism Q: 2 largest plants in Iglit-Baco national park Ma. Esperanza Christina Codilla Frasco A: 1. Kalantas Tree 2. Tindalo MODULE 10 HERITAGES SITES IN LUZON Region III (Central Luzon) is the only region without a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 1. APO REEF NATURAL PARK Location: Sablayan, Occidental Mindoro Category: Natural Summary: Largest Island found in Occidental Mindoro 2nd largest contiguous coral reef 2nd biggest producer of juvenile marine fishes (next is Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park) 3 islands 1. Apo Island (Largest) 2. Apo Menor (Binangaan) 3. Cayos del Bajo Tinangkapang Shallow lagoon with 2m to 10m depth surrounded by mangrove forest. Protected Area under category Natural Park of Presidential Proclamation No. 868, September 6, 1996 2. BATANES PROTECTED LANDSCAPE AND SEASCAPES Location: Batanes Category: Cultural Summary: Mahatao Church of Batanes is declared National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines. Complex of terrestrial, wetland and marine ecosystem. Unique natural physiographic features (wave-cut cliffs, cave-like outcrops, secluded white sand beaches). Strong winds and fast currents have etched out its distinct morphology. Pink and red corals are found. Traditional architecture is of stone in response to wind and monsoon stresses. 3. CORON ISLAND NATURAL BIOTIC AREA Location: Coron, Palawan Category: Mixed Summary: Wedge-shaped limestone island It is within the Palawan UNESCO Biosphere Reserve/Rivers Dominated by Permian Limestone of Jurassic origin Situated in Calamianes group of islands. Mountainous and terrain marked steep rock and ravines. 70% rocky cliffs, 25% rolling hills, 5% flat. Large area composed karst formations where swiftlets dwell and build their nest. Vertical limestone cliffs reach up to 600m above sea level. 8 brackish lakes and 3 smaller ones connected to the sea. 4. EL NIDO-TAYTAY MANAGED RESOURCE PROTECTED AREA Location: El Nido and Taytay, Palawan Category: Natural Summary: UNESCO Biosphere Rivers Located in north-western tip of the mainland of Palawan Bacuit Bay as a marine reserve and home to the dugong dolphins and marine turtles. Covers over 36,000 hectares of land and 54,000 hectares of marine waters. Contains towering limestone cliffs, beaches, mangroves, clear waters and neat farmlands. Home to 5 species of mammals including Malayan Pangolin Endemic 16 bird species (incl. Palawan Peacock Pheasant, Palawan Hornbill, Palawan Scops Owl) Proclamation No. 32, October 8, 1998 MODULE 11 1. MAYON VOLCANO NATURAL PARK Location: Albay, Bicol Region Category: Natural Summary: Most active volcano in the Philippines Perfectly Conical Shape  Erupted over 51 times 1814 first eruption Height of 2,462 m Proclamation No. 413 of 2012, a buffer zone of 500 m radius. 2. MT. IGLIT-BACO NATIONAL PARK Location: Occidental and Oriental Mindoro Category: Natural Summary: Habitat of endemic Tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis) ASEAN Heritage Site Compasses at least 8 major rivers 4 larger plants 1. Kalantas tree 2. Tindalo 3. Almaciga 4. Kamagong Harbors the endangered Jade vine Initially established “game refuge and bird sanctuary” Wildlife are Phil. Deer, Wild Pig & Mindoro cloud rat R.A. No. 6148, Nov. 11, 1970 3. MT. MANTALINGAHAN PROTECTED LANDSCAPE Location: Palawan Category: Natural Summary: 2085 m above sea level is the highest peak in the province Palawan and considered sacred by the indigenous Palawan people. High floral and faunal diversity and endemism Southern part of Palawan Man and Biosphere Reserve Proclamation 1815, June 23, 2009 120,457 hectares Hosts denizens of plants and animals. 4. MT. PULAG NATIONAL PARK Location: Benguet, Ifugao and Nueva Vizcaya Province Category: Natural Summary: Highest peak in Luzon 2nd highest mountain range Belongs to the Cordillera Biogeographic Zone Wildlife are Phil. Brown deer, Northern Luzon Giant Cloud rat and Luzon Pygmy Fruit Bat. Rare flora such as Pitcher Plant  Important watershed providing water necessities for domestic and industrial use, irrigation, hydroelectric power production. Proclamation No. 75, February 20, 1987 MODULE 12 1. KABAYAN MUMMY BURIAL CAVES Location: Kabayan, Benguet, CAR Category: Cultural Summary: Center of Ibaloi Culture Declared as endangered sites by UNESCO Mummification (salt and herbs, set under fire, take up to 2 years). Placed inside a pinewood coffin. Man-made burial niches in rocks or rock shelters and/or natural caves. More than 200 man-made burial caves and 15 contain preserved human mommies. Proclaimed Philippine National Cultural Treasures pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 374 Chemistry and Conservation Laboratory of the National Museum worked together with foreign agencies in the preservation of the sites. 2. THE TABON CAVE COMPLEX AND ALL OF LIPUUN Location: West Coast of Palawan Category: Cultural Summary: Tabon – named after a megapode bird that digs its nest into the ground. 200 caves located in the limestone formation known as Tabon caves. Called Lipuun by local people but marked “Abion Head” on charts made from British surveys. During Pleistocene, this was the first site to establish the presence of humans in the Philippines. One of the very few sites in Southeast Asia to have yielded Pleistocene fossil Homo sapiens. Oldest homo sapiens sapiens fossil evidence in the form of a tibia fragment. Another fossil mandibular fragment during upper Pleistocene. Late Pleistocene and early post-Pleistocene – a flake tool tradition Late Neolithic and continue developed Metal age – developed jar burial complex Metal age – porcelains and stoneware (local trade with China during Song & Yuan Dynasties) 3. NORTHERN SIERRA MADRE NATURAL PARK Location: Isabela and Aurora Provinces, Central Luzon Category: Natural Summary: Ten priority protected areas in the country Largest protected area in the country and richest in terms of genetic, species and habitat diversity. Described as long mountain chain. Also, a backbone of Luzon Home for Philippine Eagle, Golden Crowned Flying Fox, Philippine Eagle-Owl, Dugong, Green Sea turtle & etc. Shorea species & Hopea species – endemic plants of the dipterocarp family.  MODULE 13 1. NEOLITHIC SHELL MIDDEN SITES IN LAL-LO AND GATTARAN MUNICIPALITIES Location: River Banks of the Cagayan River, Province of Cagayan Category: Cultural Summary: Batissa childreni – one type of freshwater clams Biggest deposits of shells are found in Magapit and Bangag in Lal-lo Magapit, Lal-lo – shell middens are centrally located on tope of the highest hill, panoramic views downstream. Neolithic Period – known period when man first started to domesticate plants and animals and to make pottery. 21 shell midden sites associated with earthenware, stone tools and bones. Experts from Japan, Taiwan, Australia and the Philippines gathered in study area to discuss archaeological problems. 2. PALEOLITHIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN CAGAYAN VALLEY Location: Province of Cagayan – Municipalities of Solana and Penablanca Category: Cultural Summary: In Solana, 68 Paleolithic sites in the Awidon Mesa formation. Yielded stone tools and fossils of extinct animals that include stegodons, elephants, rhinoceros and large tortoise. In Penablanca, Callao limestone formation revealed 93 archaeological sites that yielded stone tools of Paleolithic industry. 78 are caves & rock shelters. People were hunters and gatherers Earliest trace of the emergence of man in the Philippines Form of stone tools identified as man-made in the form of Home erectus. Presidential Degree No. 1109 “Declaring the Archaeological areas in the Cagayan Valley and Kalinga – Apayao Archaeological Reservation” 3. PETROGLYPHS AND PETROGRAPHS OF THE PHILIPPINES Location: Southeast city of Manila, 3km from town of Angono Category: Cultural Summary: Petroglyphs – Animate figures representing juveniles and infants on a rock face on a rock shelter. Probably late Neolithic Age Angono Petroglyphs – oldest known work of art and considered highly significant cultural landmark National Cultural Treasure of the Country and World Inventory of Rock Art Petroglyphs and Petrographs – being systematically excavated, documented and studied by the National Museum of the Philippines by a multi-disciplinary team of archaeologists, anthropologists, geologist, botanist and zoologists. Shelter is formed by quaternary volcanics Other set of Petroglyphs are those in Alab, Mountain province carved on boulders on top of promontories (configuration are those of pudenda).  2 kinds of Petrographs: 1. Charcoal Drawing on cave walls in Penablanca, Cagayan Province and Singnapan Caves in Southern Palawan. 2. Red Hematite Prints in Anda Peninsula, Bohol Province. MODULE 15 HERITAGE SITES IN VISAYAS BAROQUE CHURCHES IN THE PHILIPPINES 1. CHURCH COMPLEX OF PATROCINIO DE MARIA BOLJO-ON (CEBU) Location: Cebu Category: Cultural Summary: Augustinian Friars built the church in the 18th century. Still uses clay roof tiles. Church Complex: Fortress church Block house at the front left side served as a watch tower. Left rear side is a school built in the 1940’s and 18th century cemetery. Ceiling painting was done by local painters in 1920’s. Church walls are made of coral stone. The façade is ornamented with ecclesiastic symbols. Pipe organ was installed in the 19th century at the choir loft. 2. CHURCH OF LA IMMACULADA CONCEPTION, GUIUAN (SAMAR) Location: Samar Category: Cultural Summary: First built by the Jesuit Missionaries in the 18th century, later taken over by the Franciscan Friars. Church Complex: Fortress church Interior are decorated with seashells Walls are made of coral stone 3. CHURCH COMPLEX OF SAN PEDRO APOSTOL, LOBOC (BOHOL) Location: Bohol Category: Cultural Summary: First erected by the Jesuit. Convent is L-shaped with three floors, and is located at the rear end of the church. 3rd floor convent connected to the church. The main hall located at 2nd floor, has a Victorian interior. The walls have paintings, the ceiling is made of fabricated tin panels. The 3rd level is used as a museum of church artifacts. At the rear resembling a pool.  Severly damaged when a 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck Bohol and other parts of Central Visayas on October 15, 2013. Church complex: Near the river and composed of three storey convents, a bell tower about 50m away and a mortuary chapel at the left side. Augustianian recollects added a portico façade, buttresses, the bell tower and the mortuary chapel. The interior has 18th and 19th centuries retablos, the ceiling is painted by indigenous artisans in 1920’s, a 19th century pipe organ. 4. CHURCH COMPLEX OF SAN ISIDRO LABRADOR, LAZI (SIQUIJOR) Location: Siquijor Category: Cultural Summary: Built by Augustinian Recollects in the latter half of the 19th century. Church has 2 pulpits, the original retablos and wood floors with herringbone pattern. Walls are reinforced with log post which are embedded in the walls. A U-shape structure with stonewalls at the 1st level and wood studs and panels at the 2nd floor. 5. CHURCH OF SAN MATTIAS, TUMAUINI (ISABELA) Location: Isabela Category: Cultural Summary: Church walls are made entirely of brick. Upper half of the interior wall is laid with ornately brick blocks. The bell tower is cylindrical Complex: Fenced with brick walls. The convent, located at the Gospel side of the church is now in ruins. 6. CHOCOLATE HILLS NATURAL MONUMENT Location: Towns of Carmen, Batuan and Sagbayan in Bohol Category: Natural Summary: A cone-shape limestone formation 3rd National Geological Monument on June 18, 1988 Grass-covered hills turn chocolate brown because of precipitation, hence in the name in reference to a branded confection. Similar formation found in Java, Indonesia (generic conical forms), but “Chocolate Hills” are more aesthetically extensive. It consists of 1,776 mounds.  MODULE 16 HERITAGE SITES IN MINDANAO 1. BUTUAN ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES Location: Caraga Region – Butuan City, Agusan Del Norte Category: Cultural Summary: Oldest Chinese ceramic ware found in Butuan (Yueh and Yueh type ware dated back to the 5 dynasties) Archeological recoveries of a concentration of large, open-water going boats (Neolithic marine architecture). Found a purification of gold and the manufacture of gold ornaments (Ming Dynasty). Presence of deformed skulls in underground coffin burials. 2. MT. MALINDANG RANGE NATURAL PARK Location: Misamis Occidental Category: Natural Summary: Proclaimed National Park and Watershed Reserve on June 19, 1971. On August 2, 2002 as Natural Park Rich biological and physical resource is of major ecological and economic value. Serves as the site for a biodiversity research initiative {Philippines-Netherlands Biodiversity Research Programme (BRP)} Home of Tarsier, Flying Lemur, Philippine Eagle, Deer and Hornbills. Endemic species: 6 amphibians, 3 reptiles, 67 birds and 25 mammals 3. TURTLE ISLANDS WILDLIFE SANCTUARY Location: Sulu, Province of Tawi-Tawi Category: Natural Summary: Part of Sulu Archipelago which composed of 400 islands. Smallest – Langaan (7 hectares) Largest - Taganak Island (124 hectares) Proclaimed as Wildlife Sanctuary under Proclamation No. 171 on August 26, 1999. Identified as Extremely High (EH) for biodiversity conservation. Marine Turtles play an important role in marine ecosystem as it maintains a healthy coral reefs and sea grass that serves a breeding ground for fishes and small crustaceans. May 31, 1996 – Memorandum of agreement (MOA) between the Republic of the Philippines and the Government of Malaysia declaring Turtle Islands as Turtle Island Heritage Protected Area (TIHPA). May 14-15, 2014 – It was included in the launching of Model Marine Protected Area Network (MPA network) at Manado Indonesia.