OT 303 notes.pdf

💪🏻OT 303 Semester | A.Y. 2024-2025 ZLPD 💙 Occupation in Physical Health COURSE OUTLINE What is “Occupation?” OT 303...

💪🏻OT 303 Semester | A.Y. 2024-2025 ZLPD 💙 Occupation in Physical Health COURSE OUTLINE What is “Occupation?” OT 303 Course Schedule AY 24-25 NOTE REFERENCE “Are various kinds of life activities in which individuals, groups, or populations engage” - OTPF-3(2014) “The everyday activities that people do as individuals, in MAIN TOPIC families, and with communities to occupy time and bring meaning and purpose to life. Occupations include things SUBTOPIC people need to, want to, and are expected to do” UNDER SUBTOPIC - OTPF-4 (2020) 1.0 CLASSIFICATION “Occupation” and “Activity” Terminology Occupation – personalized and meaningful engagement in life events. Activity – a form of action that is objective and not related to a specific client’s engagement or context. Question Identify if it is an activity or occupation: 1. Playing “Valorant” with your friends - Occupation a. role as a gamer friend b. form of relaxation or identity 2. Writing an essay. - Ax 3. Feeding your dog treats. - Occupation 4. Opening a jar. - Ax 5. Driving to school. - Ax / Occupation 6. Turning on the stove. - Ax Occupations: Review According to the OTPF – 3 (2014): 1. Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 2. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) 3. Rest and Sleep 4. Education 5. Work 6. Play 7. Leisure 8. Social Participation Changes made in OTPF – 4 (2020): 1. Activities of Daily Living (ADL) 2. Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) 3. Health Management 4. Rest and Sleep ZLPD | OT 303 – PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION 5. Education - Activities related to developing, managing, and 6. Work maintaining health and wellness routines, including 7. Play self-management, with the goal of improving or 8. Leisure maintaining health to support participation in other 9. Social Participation occupations. Includes: 1. Social and emotional health management ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING (ADL) 2. Symptom and condition management Definition: 3. Communication with the health care system - Activities oriented towards taking care of one’s own 4. Medication management. body and completed on a routine basis. 5. Physical Activity Includes: 6. Nutrition Management 1. Bathing, showering 7. Personal care device management 2. Toileting and toilet hygiene 3. Dressing 4. Eating and Swallowing REST AND SLEEP 5. Feeding Definition: 6. Functional Mobility - moving from one place to - Activities related to obtaining restorative rest and another sleep to support healthy, active engagement in 7. Personal Hygiene and Grooming other occupations. 8. Sexual Activity Includes: 1. Rest - Reducing physical and mental activity INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES OF 2. Sleep Preparation DAILY LIVING (IADL) 3. Sleep Participation Definition: - Act of sleeping - Activities to support daily life at home and community. Question Includes: When is “rest” considered part of health management? 1. Care Of Others - Rest is considered when you’re recovering from a 2. Care Of Pets And Animals health issue 3. Child Rearing - But when you are doing it involuntarily its rest and 4. Communication Management sleep 5. Driving And Community Mobility - moving around the community using transportation 6. Financial Management EDUCATION 7. Home Establishment And Management Definition: 8. Meal Preparation And Cleanup - Activities needed for learning and participating in 9. Religion and Spiritual Expression the educational environment. 10. Safety and Emergency Maintenance Includes: 11. Shopping 1. Formal Educational Participation 2. Informal Personal Educational Needs or Interests Question Exploration 1. Which of the following is not considered an IADL? 3. Informal Education Participation A. Brushing the feet of your dog after a walk. (care of - Outside of a structured curriculum pets) B. Restocking on soap and shampoo. (shopping) WORK C. Getting chopsticks so you can eat ramen. (feeding) Definition: a. pouring a glass of water: meal prep - Labor or exertion related to the development, b. utensils: feeding production, delivery, or management of objects or D. Driving your mom to the airport. (community mob) services; benefits may be financial or non-financial. Includes: HEALTH MANAGEMENT 1. Employment Interests And Pursuits 2. Employment Seeking And Acquisition Definition: 3. Job Performance And Maintenance 4. Retirement Preparation And Adjustment ZLPD | OT 303 – PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION 5. Volunteer Exploration Specifies pertinent assessment and intervention 6. Volunteer Participation strategies to be used during practice. Approaches PLAY Specifies outcomes of assessment and intervention Definition: of the client. - Activities that are intrinsically motivated, internally controlled, and freely chosen and that may include Commonly Used suspension of reality, exploration, humor, risk Biomechanical FOR taking, contests, and celebrations. Rehabilitation FOR Includes: Motor Learning Approach 1. Play Exploration Task-Oriented Approach 2. Play Participation Question LEISURE 1. Your client has recently incurred a stroke and can Definition: no longer bathe by himself, so you decide to - Nonobligatory activity that is intrinsically motivated provide a long-handled sponge and chair in the and engaged in during discretionary time, that is, bathroom to maximize independence. time not committed to obligatory occupations such 2. What Approach has been implemented here? as work, self-care, or sleep. 3. What Frame of Reference is being used? Includes: 4. What Model can be used in the case? 1. Leisure Exploration 2. Leisure Participation Basic Areas of Assessment Techniques and Considerations Question Vital Signs When do play and leisure occur? Composed of the following: Can they occur simultaneously? 1. Blood Pressure Pressure of blood inside the arteries. SOCIAL PARTICIPATION Measured by a Sphygmomanometer. Definition: Measured in mmhg [millimeter(s) of - Activities that involve social interaction with others, mercury including family, friends, peers, and community 2. Respiratory Rate members, and that support social independence. Rate of inhalation and exhalation. Includes: Inflation and relaxation of the lungs as 1. Community Participation observed by rise and fall of chest. 2. Family Participation Measured in respirations per minute. 3. Friendships 3. Pulse Rate 4. Peer Group Participation Palpable pressure exerted by the heart 5. Intimate Partner Relationships during rhythmic beating. Measured in beats per minute. Importance of “Occupation” 4. Temperature Should be the driving force of evaluation and intervention. Range of Motion Activities can be used to develop performance The amount of movement available passive and skills and patterns. actively at a joint. But occupation is the means and the ends of A measure of joint mobility and stability. therapy. Measured using a goniometer. Measured in degrees of motion. Models/FORs/Approaches Models Goniometer Helps guide the thinking and decision-making Parts: process of the professional. 1. Place axis/fulcrum on unmoving body prominences or sites. Frame of Reference 2. Moving/distal arm moves with the mobile body segment. ZLPD | OT 303 – PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION 3. Stable/proximal arm remains adjacent to an 2. Quality unmoving body segment. 3. Intensity 4. Duration Key points to remember: 5. Cause/Precedent 1. Make sure axis does not move during measurement. 2. Take note of “compensations” to movement. Special Tests 3. Measure both active and passive ROM, then compare. Active Special Tests Passive Special Tests Muscle Strength Mobile tissue (e.g., Inert or stable tissue (e.g., A measure of the muscle/muscle group’s ability to muscles, tendons, & cartilage,meniscus, & produce tension/force. ligaments) ligaments) A measure of muscle power. Standardized measurement is through manual Providing resistance during Applying pressure on or after full movement. tissue muscle testing. Causes pain, Causes pain, apprehension, discomfort, apprehension, discomfort, and discontinuation. and discontinuation. Documentation Documentation of services Content of Documentation Subjective Objective Manual Muscle Testing Assessment Key points to remember: Plan 1. VOLUNTARY CONTROL MUST BE ESTABLISHED. 2. Resistance is dependent on the client’s capacities. Qualities Of Good Documentation 3. Correct positioning and application of resistance 1. Specific must be applied. 2. Accurate and Measurable 4. Prevent compensatory movements. 3. Client-Centered Endurance Two areas: VASCULAR DISEASES 1. Additional functions and sensations of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems Physical endurance, aerobic activity, VASCULAR DISEASES - OT APPLICATION stamina, fatigability Important Considerations Duration of sustained activity performance. If ulceration is present.. ○ Enhance chemical and gaseous 2. Muscle Endurance homeostasis in the wound bed Ability of the muscle to sustain ○ Facilitate superficial blood flow to target contractions tissues Duration and number of muscle ○ Educate patients about the importance of contractions. facilitating blood flow to the extremities. Note: ○ In severe cases, help the client in coming Each denote a different client factor and is measured to terms with their condition differently. Most important intervention in PVD ○ Prevention of smoking Pain ○ Exercise for weight control. Unpleasant feeling indicating potential or actual damage to A wound care plan should not include whirlpool some body structure; sensations of generalized or localized pain (e.g., diffuse, dull, sharp, phantom). – OTPF-4 (2020) SPECIAL TESTS AND ASSESSMENTS ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX (ABI) Measured in components: Tests the blood pressure of the extremities 1. Location ZLPD | OT 303 – PHYSICAL DYSFUNCTION ○ An inflatable cuff is wrapped around the client’s ankle with a doppler device attached. ○ The cuff is inflated until blood flow iS blocked and blood pressure is measured ○ Results are assessed