ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.pdf

ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.  OBJECTIVES Station 1: Station 2: Station 3: Identify the Compare the Articulate the different different importance of hypotheses hypotheses the origin of the explaining the explaining the...

ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM.  OBJECTIVES Station 1: Station 2: Station 3: Identify the Compare the Articulate the different different importance of hypotheses hypotheses the origin of the explaining the explaining the solar system in origin of the origin of the today's time. Solar System. Solar System. PTOLEMAIC SYSTEM COPERNICAN SYSTEM “GEOCENTRIC MODEL” “HELIOCENTRIC MODEL” FEATURES OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM 1. The planetary orbits are nearly circular. The elliptical orbits depart only slightly from being a perfect circle. 2. The orbits of all planets are almost in the same place. This means that the Solar System is almost flat. 3. All planets revolve around the sun in counterclockwise direction. 4. All planets except Venus and Uranus rotate on their own axis in counterclockwise manner. 5. The distances of the planets from the sun can be expressed in simple relationship called Bode’s law, named after German astronomer Johann Bode (1747-1826). The calculated distances (using Bode’s law) and the observed distances of the planets from the sun are almost the same, with the exception of Neptune. VORTEX THEORY Rene Descartes (1644) Proposed that the solar system formed into bodies with nearly circular orbits because of the whirlpool-like motion of pre-solar materials. He believed that the sun is at the center of a vast vortex of rotating invisible matter, and the swirl of the vortex carries the planets around. Primary Vortices: Orbits of the planets Secondary Vortices: Satellites around the planets VORTEX THEORY Rene Descartes (1644) There is no empty space Universe is filled with vortices of all sizes Universe is made up of luminous, opaque, and transparent matter. ENCOUNTER HYPOTHESIS BUFFON'S COLLISION THEORY JEANS-JEFFREYS' TIDAL THEORY BUFFON'S COLLISION THEORY George Louis Leclerc Buffon planets were formed by the collision of the sun with a giant comet. The resulting debris formed into planets that rotate in the same direction as they revolve around the sun. JEANS-JEFFREYS' TIDAL THEORY James Hopwood Jeans and Harold Jeffreys planets were formed from the substance that was torn out of the sun. As speeding massive star passed near the sun, it pulled off material due to gravitational attraction. WHAT IS ENCOUNTER HYPOTHESIS? WHAT IS ENCOUNTER HYPOTHESIS? In this models, a star or comet passed by the sun to draw out a stream of solar gas that condensed to form planets. NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS NEBULAR THEORY SOLAR NEBULAR MODEL WHAT IS NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS? NEBULAR THEORY Immanuel Kant and Pierre Simon Laplace proposed that a great cloud of gas and dust called nebula collapsed because of gravitational pull. As the clouds contracts, it's rotational motion increases. NEBULAR THEORY Immanuel Kant and Pierre Simon Laplace As the nebula collapses further, local regions contract on their own due to gravity. These local regions became the sun and the planets. NEBULAR THEORY Immanuel Kant and Pierre Simon Laplace It proposed a single step process that suggests that most of the angular momentum of the system is the sun.  WHAT IS NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS? THE SOLAR NEBULAR MODEL known as "Solar Nebular Disk model" (SNDM) incorporates the components of the nebular hypothesis and solves the original problems of Kant- Laplace's hypothesis. The solar system was formed around 4.55 Ga, when interstellar materials in a spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy underwent several stages. THE SOLAR NEBULAR MODEL Also known as "Solar Nebular Disk model" (SNDM) STAGES: 1. COLLAPSE OF CLOUDS- solar system was formed as a result of the condensation of gas and dust reffered to as interstellar gas and dust cloud. THE SOLAR NEBULAR MODEL Also known as "Solar Nebular Disk model" (SNDM) STAGES: 1. COLLAPSE OF CLOUDS- solar system was formed as a result of the condensation of gas and dust refferred to as interstellar gas and dust cloud. THE SOLAR NEBULAR MODEL Also known as "Solar Nebular Disk model" (SNDM) STAGES: 1. COLLAPSE OF CLOUDS- the gas and dust would continue to collapse due to the force of gravity. The center compressed enough to become a protostar, leaving the outer material suspended around a center. THE SOLAR NEBULAR MODEL Also known as "Solar Nebular Disk model" (SNDM) STAGES: 1. COLLAPSE OF CLOUDS- As the cloud continued to shrink, its rotational speed increased to conserve angular momentum, and flattened to form a disk with a large, dense flab in the center called protoplanetary disk or protostar. The contraction converted gravitational energy into heat energy and caused the center to glow. When the temperature became sufficient enough, a nuclear reaction began at the core of the protostar and became the sun. THE SOLAR NEBULAR MODEL Also known as "Solar Nebular Disk model" (SNDM) 2. Formation of planetesimals and protoplanets The remaining gas and dust cloud formed disk-shaped bodies (due to rotation) called solar nebulae. The solar nebulae came together to form planets. According to the theory, the formation of the planets involved several stages. The first stage is the accretion of grain- sized particles to form centimeter-sized particles which would later grow to several kilometers in diameter. The objects formed are called planetesimals. THE SOLAR NEBULAR MODEL Also known as "Solar Nebular Disk model" (SNDM) 2. Formation of planetesimals and protoplanets The second stage involves the formation of more massive objects from coalescing planetesimals. The massive objects are referred to as protoplanets. These would later become the planets. THE SOLAR NEBULAR MODEL Also known as "Solar Nebular Disk model" (SNDM) 3. Formation of the planets There is a temperature difference in the disk nebula (protosun). The disk is hotter near the center and cooler farther away, which allowed differentiated condensation.