Origin of Life Lesson PDF

Origin of Life on Earth Ms. Elna C. Biñas Subject Teacher HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF LIFE a living thing, the existence of an especially a individual human human being being or animal...

Origin of Life on Earth Ms. Elna C. Biñas Subject Teacher HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF LIFE a living thing, the existence of an especially a individual human human being being or animal LIFE it is exhibited by growth through metabolism, reproduction, and the ability to adapt to their surroundings through internal changes. ORIGIN OF LIFE. Many Scientist have dedicated themselves to finding out how life first appeared on earth. PRIMORDIAL SOUP THEORY RUSSIAN A Soviet Biochemist notable for his theories about the origin of life and for his book THE ORIGIN OF LIFE. ALEXANDER OPARIN MARCH 2, 1894 – APRIL 21, 1980 PRIMORDIAL SOUP THEORY SCOTTISH A Physiologist famous for intrepid self- experimentation which led to many important discoveries about the human body and the nature of gases. JOHN SCOTT HALDANE MAY 2, 1860 – MARCH 14/15, 1936 PRIMORDIAL SOUP THEORY According to this theory, life started in a primordial soup of organic molecules. Some form of energy from lightning combined with the chemicals in the atmosphere to make amino acids, the building blocks of protein. ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE EXPERIMENT Stanley Miller and Harold Urey ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE EXPERIMENT Verified the primordial soup theory by simulating the formation of organic molecules on the early Earth. They had confined methane, ammonia, water, and hydrogen in a closed system and applied continuous electrical sparks to trigger the formation of the building blocks of life. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE EXPERIMENT ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE EXPERIMENT They observed a change of color in the solution after a day. After a week, the solution was tested. They found out that several amino acids were produced. The purpose of this experiment was not to try and produce amino acids. Its main purpose was to explore and discover the conditions of the early Earth and what the naturally occurring results would be. Stanley Miller and Harold Urey Thermal Synthesis Sidney Fox demonstrated in his experiment the origin of life with the use of a specific mixture of pure, dry amino acids. SIDNEY W. FOX 1912 –1998 Thermal Synthesis As observed in his experiment, after heating the mixture, an aqueous solution was formed and cooled into microscopic globules called protenoid microspheres. SIDNEY W. FOX 1912 –1998 Thermal Synthesis Globules called protenoid microspheres. Globules Thermal Synthesis The globules looked like coccoid bacteria and seemed to be budding. Thermal Synthesis Budding is a form of reproduction. claimed that the protenoid microspheres constituted protocells – almost true cells, and multiplied through division like true cells. Protocell Experiment a nucleic acid genome lipid sac JACK W. SZOSTAK 1912 –1998 Differences between DNA DNA is a double-stranded molecule that has a long chain of nucleotides RNA RNA is a single-stranded molecule which has a shorter chain of nucleotides Early forms of Life Early forms of Life About 3.5 billion years ago, the first form of life is believed to have appeared. The first evidence of life is found and seen in microfossils – are fossils that contain the remains of tiny plants and animals. These are very small and can be measured in millimeters. Some could only be identified under a  MICROFOSSILS - are fossils that contain the remains of tiny plants and animals. - some of the remains of organisms do not have a nucleus so they were called as prokaryotes – they are Photosynthetic organisms. -The process of photosynthesis produced more oxygen that modified and changed the Earth’s early atmosphere. Cyanobacteri a The first photosynthetic organisms to form are the cyanobacteria. Their microfossils are among the easiest to identify. Their morphology remained the same, and they left chemical fossils in the form of broken products from pigments. The first microfossil was seen in rocks about 1.5 billion years old. Cyanobacteri a The first microfossil was seen in rocks about 1.5 billion years old. It showed remains of organisms with differences in structure from the simple form of life. They are larger than bacteria, and they have internal membranes and thicker wall. These findings have marked the beginning of eukaryotic organisms on Earth. THANK YOU!