Orem-Rogers-King Nursing Theories PDF

NURSING THEORIST Martha Rogers Dorothea Orem Imogene King Learning Objectives At the end of the course unit, the students are expected to: 1. Understand the nursing theory of Martha Rogers, Dorothea Orem 2. Explain the theoretical assertions (metaparadigm) based on nursing, personhoo...

NURSING THEORIST Martha Rogers Dorothea Orem Imogene King Learning Objectives At the end of the course unit, the students are expected to: 1. Understand the nursing theory of Martha Rogers, Dorothea Orem 2. Explain the theoretical assertions (metaparadigm) based on nursing, personhood, health and environment. 3. Understand the application of the nursing theory to the field of practice.  Martha Roger’s Science of Unitary Human Beings Mainly focusing on the four concepts and principles of homeodynamic that are energy fields openness, pattern, pandimensionality Major Concepts Rogerian model – abstract system of ideas from which to approach the practice of nursing. It stresses the totality of experience and existence that is relevant in today’s health care system. critical thinking pattern has three components: Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory Self care - it demonstrates practices of all the activities that individual’s initiate and perform on their behalf in maintaining life, health and well being. The ability to perform self-care actions is called Basic Conditioning Factors. What is the condition that indicates that a person needs nursing care?  Theory of Self-Care O Self-care is the performance or practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health and well-being. Self-care agency is the human’s ability or power to engage in self- care and is affected by basic conditioning factors. O Therapeutic Self-care Demand is the totality of “self-care actions to be performed for some duration in order to meet known self- care requisites by using valid methods and related sets of actions and operations.” O Self-care Requisites or requirements can be defined as actions directed toward the provision of self-care. It is presented in three categories: A. Universal self-care requisites are associated with life processes and the maintenance of the integrity of human structure and functioning. B. Developmental self-care requisites are “either specialized expressions of universal self-care requisites that have been particularized for developmental processes or they are new requisites derived from a condition or associated with an event.” C. Health deviation self-care requisites are required in conditions of illness, injury, or disease or may result from medical measures required to diagnose and correct the condition. O Basic conditioning factors are age, gender, developmental state, health state, sociocultural orientation, health care system factors, family system factors, patterns of living, environmental factors, and resource adequacy and availability. O Self-care Deficit delineates when nursing is needed. Nursing is required when an adult (or in the case of a dependent, the parent or guardian) is incapable of or limited in the provision of continuous effective self- care. O Nursing Agency is a complex property or attribute of people educated and trained as nurses that enables them to act, to know, and to help others meet their therapeutic self-care demands by exercising or developing their own self- care agency. O Nursing System is the product of a series of relations between the persons: legitimate nurse and legitimate client. This system is activated when the client’s therapeutic self-care demand exceeds available self-care agency, leading to the need for nursing.  The Three Basic Nursing Systems: O (1) The wholly compensatory nursing system is represented by a situation in which the individual is unable “to engage in those self-care actions requiring self-directed and controlled ambulation and manipulative movement or the medical prescription to refrain from such activity… Persons with these limitations are socially dependent on others for their continued existence and well-being.” O ) The partly compensatory nursing system is represented by a situation in which “both nurse and perform care measures or other actions involving manipulative tasks or ambulation… [Either] the patient or the nurse may have the major role in the performance of care measures.” O (3) In the supportive-educative system also known as supportive-developmental system, the person “is able to perform or can and should learn to perform required measures of externally or internally oriented therapeutic self-care but cannot do so without assistance.” O Example: Nurse guides a mother how to breastfeed her baby, Counseling a psychiatric client on more adaptive coping strategies. Major Concepts Human being – humanity - an integrated whole composed of an internal physical, psychological and social nature with varying degrees of self care ability Health - as a state of well being, which refer to a person's condition of existence, characterized by contentment, pleasure, happiness, movement towards self ideals. Nursing - its an art through which the practitioner of nursing gives specialized assistance to persons with disabilities that needed greater than ordinary assistance to the daily needs for self care Environment - the surrounding of the patients may affect their ability to perform their self-care activity.  Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory focuses on the dynamic interaction between nurse and patient. It emphasizes mutual goal setting based on the patient’s health needs and the nurse’s expertise. Key components: Perception: How nurses and patients perceive each other and the situation influences the interaction. Communication: Effective nurse-patient communication is essential to establish and achieve goals. Key components: Roles: Both nurse and patient have distinct roles and responsibilities in achieving the health goals. Stress: Identifies stress as a factor that can influence health and goal attainment. The theory is based on three systems: Personal system (individuals): Focuses on understanding personal perceptions, self, and growth. Interpersonal system (interaction): Involves communication, transactions, and roles between nurse and patient. Social system (society): Considers the influence of organizations, authority, and social interactions. 8 PREPOSITIONS Theory of Goal Attainment Nurse-Patient Transaction Model Action: The initial behavior taken by either the nurse or the patient to start the care process. Reaction: The response to the action, which can come from either party. Interaction: The process of communication and exchange between the nurse and patient based on their actions and reactions. Transaction: The final stage where both parties reach a mutual understanding and agree on a plan to achieve the patient’s health goals. Conclusion: Imogene King named it the Goal Attainment Theory because the central focus is on the achievement of mutually set goals between the nurse and the patient. The theory emphasizes that through effective communication, interaction, and collaboration, nurses and patients can work together to identify health goals and develop strategies to reach them. The successful outcome is the attainment of these goals, improving the patient's health and well-being. The term "goal attainment" highlights the theory’s focus on purposeful actions leading to specific, agreed-upon outcomes in patient care. Critiquing