Health Education PDF

HEALTH EDUCATION ASST. PROF. DR. SITI NOORKHAIRINA SOWTALI KULLIYYAH OF NURSING ELECTIVE PROGRAMME  OBJECTIVES At the end of this teaching and learning session, the student will be able to:- Define health education. State the objective and principles of healt...

HEALTH EDUCATION ASST. PROF. DR. SITI NOORKHAIRINA SOWTALI KULLIYYAH OF NURSING ELECTIVE PROGRAMME  OBJECTIVES At the end of this teaching and learning session, the student will be able to:- Define health education. State the objective and principles of health education Describe the methods and approaches in health education Discuss the effectiveness and barriers in health education  OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC 1. Go to Clinical Key and search for this article 2. Read the Abstract, Introduction & Discussion parts ONLY. BRAINSTORMING (based on the articles) What is the definition of health education (HE)? What are the types of HE mentioned by the authors? What are the benefits of HE while you read through the introduction part? What are the barriers/ challenges faced by nurses in performing HE according to the previous studies? What are the strategies to improve nurses competency in delivering HE? From the discussion part, what are the difference between the nurses who performed the HE than those not performed HE?  Patient Education VS Health Education (HE) CONCEPT The term is used interchangeably. Reflecting the same process with a different size of scope. Patient education is more specific while health education is broaden.  Patient Education VS Health Education (Cont…) DEFINITION The process by which health professionals and others impart information to patients that will alter their health behaviors or improve their health status.  NURSE FIGURE IN HE Florence Nightangle  HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HE 1st PHASE: MID 1800-20TH CENTURY Emergence of nursing & other multidisciplinary field Growing used of technological advancement Emphasis on patient-caregiver relationship Increasing no of non communicable disease: tuberculosis Growing interest on maternal & child health  HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HE 2nd PHASE: FIRST 4 DECADES OF 20TH CENTURY Role of public health nurse become prominent to the well-being of the communities & the teaching they provided to the individuals, families & groups-modernization of patient edu & HE. Discoveries of vaccination & antibiotics development Effective treatment & surgeries Sanitization  HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HE 3rd PHASE: AFTER WORLD WAR II Transition from public education to more clinical approach Earlier literatures on patient education emerge around 1950s Focus on providing information on disease & treatment as well as healthy lifestyle. Outpatient & inpatient service involved  HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HE 4th PHASE: 21st CENTURY Integration of cultural awareness in patient & family teaching Global context: Healthy People 2020-2030: lifestyle modification, risk modification & appropriate used of health facilities Local context: National Health Morbidity Survey (NHMS) Teaching become parts of discharge plan.  Nurses’ Role in Healthcare Delivery 1. Caregiver 2. Client Advocator 3. Counselor 4. Manager 5. Researcher 6. EDUCATOR / TEACHER  Nurse as an Educator Assessment of the patient and family’s health status & needs (physical, emotional, psychological & social) Case management Coordination of multidisciplinary care Counseling Research  So…Why Pt. Edu is so Important? Standard of care Independent nursing function Part of nursing practice  Evolution of Teaching Role in Nursing Profession & Healthcare Practice Global context Local context  Evolution of Teaching Role (Global Context) American Hospital Association (AHA) Patient’s Bill of Rights ensures that clients receive complete and current information. Patient education was a significant part of Patient’s Bill of Rights. The Joint Commission (TJC) Accreditation mandates require evidence of patient education to improve outcomes.  Evolution of Teaching Role (Global Context) Healthy People 2000, Healthy People 2010, and Health People 2020 established educational programs. Help individuals to modify risky behaviors, adopt or maintain health practices and make use of available services for healthcare. Pew Health Professions Commission Teaching as part of profession competencies (21st C) Many approaches were introduced fr 1980s-1995 1. Disease-oriented pt edu (DOPE) 2. Prevention-oriented pt edu (POPE) 3. Health-oriented pt edu (HOPE)  Evolution of Teaching Role (Global Context) National League of Nursing Education (NLNE), now the National League for Nursing (NLN) (1918) Health teaching is an important function of nsg px. American Nurses Association (ANA) Establish standards and qualifications for practice, including patient education. International Council of Nurses (ICN) Endorses health education as an essential component of nursing care delivery State Nurse Practice Acts Incorporate teaching effectiveness as a measure of excellence in practice  Evolution of Teaching Role (Local Context) Continuous Professional Development (CPD) introduce by Nursing Board of Malaysia Each RN must attend relevant courses to enhance knowledge, skills and awareness for renewal of license. MOH introduce General Guidelines on Public Health matters Guidelines available online: health promotion, illness prevention and policy / act r/t health sector. MOH introduce several Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) on disease managements Emphasize the importance to educate patient and family members before discharge. Purpose, Goals & Advantages of Health Education Purpose: To increase the clients competency and confidence in self-care To ensure the staff and students in delivering high-quality care Benefits of education to clients: Increases consumer satisfaction Improves quality of life Ensures continuity of care* Purpose, Goals & Advantages of Health Education Benefits of education to staff: Enhances job satisfaction Improves therapeutic relationships Increases autonomy in practice Provides opportunity to create change that matters  TEACHING STRATEGIES BASED ON LEARNING DOMAINS Types of learning domains: a) Knowledge b) Affective c) Psychomotor  TEACHING STRATEGIES BASED ON LEARNING DOMAINS (Cont) Source: https://tell.colvee.org/mod/book/view.php?id=18&chapterid=22 TEACHING STRATEGIES BASED ON LEARNING DOMAINS (Cont) Teaching Strategy for Knowledge Domain a) Lecture b) Group discussion c) One-to-one instruction d) Self-instruction activities: Computer-assisted instruction (CAI). e) Verbal tools f) Written tools TEACHING STRATEGIES BASED ON LEARNING DOMAINS (Cont) Teaching Strategy for Affective Domain a) Role model b) Role play c) Simulation d) Gaming e) Questioning f) Case studies g) Group discussion sessions TEACHING STRATEGIES BASED ON LEARNING DOMAINS (Cont) Teaching Strategy for Psychomotor Domain a) Demonstration b) Return demonstration c) Simulation d) Self-instruction  Barriers to Teaching Those factors impeding the nurse’s ability to optimally deliver educational services. Low-priority Lack of Lack of time status given to confidence and teaching competence Questionable Absence of Documentation effectiveness of third party difficulties client education reimbursement Negative Lack of influence of motivation and environment skills  Obstacles to Learning Those factors that negatively impact on the learner’s ability to attend to and process information Stress of Readiness to Lack of time illness learn Complexity Denial of ,inconvenience of learning health care system need Lack of support Negative Extent of needed from health influence of behavior changes professional environment Literacy problem  2. LEARNING THEORIES (Definition & Concept) Learning: permanent change in mental processing, emotional functioning, and/or behaviour as a result of experience. A lifelong, dynamic process by which individuals acquire new knowledge or skills and alter their thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and actions. Learning Theories: a coherent framework and set of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn.  Application of learning theories NOW: Psychological LATE 19 CENTURY: counselling, workplace Philosophy, public and EARLY 20’S: Educational organization, human normal, school psychology resource management, administration & marketing, advertising conventional wisdom & healthcare.  FUTURE TRENDS IN HEALTH EDUCATION Digital Game (health promotion among children) Simulation: VR & AR ChatGPT  Why it is important to apply learning theories in PE? Applied at the individual, group & community level. PURPOSE: To comprehend and teach new material. To solve problems, change unhealthy habits. Build constructive relationships, manage emotions, and develop effective behavior.  CONCLUSION Health education is a systematic process which involve the assessment (A) of the patient/client needs and motivation to be educated. Later, the nurse must design (D) and develop (D) appropriate teaching instruction appropriate to the patient developmental stage. Then, the implementation (I) of teaching shall take place according to preference of the patient and its effectiveness should be evaluated (E) accordingly.  REFERENCES Required 1. Chitty, K. K. & Black, B. P. (2020). Professional Nursing: Concepts and Challenges (9th ed.). United States of America: Saunders. 2. Potter, P., Perry, A., Stockert, P. & Hall, A. (2021). Fundamentals of Nursing. Elsevier: Missouri. Recommended 1. Akta Jururawat. (1950). Regulatory review management system. Available: http://rr.mpc.gov.my/data/license-legal- 525f8cd228947.pdf. Retrieved [Accessed 20042016] 2. Berman, A. & Snyder, S. (2016). Kozier & Erb’s Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, process and practice (10th ed.). United States of America: Pearson. 3. Burkhard, M & Nathaniel, A. (2020). Ethics & Issues in Contemporary Nursing: Nursing Ethics in the 21st Century. Missouri: Elsevier. 4. Grace, P. (2018). Nursing Ethics and Professional Responsibility in Advance Practice (3rd ed.). United States of America: Jones & Bartlett Learning  REFERENCES Bastable, S. (2014): Nurse As Educator: Principles of Teaching and Learning For Nursing Practice. 3rd ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury. Bastable, S. (2003): Nurse As Educator: Principles of Teaching and Learning For Nursing Practice. 2nd ed. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Sudbury.