Oral Agents for Diabetes Part 7.docx

\#\#\# \*\*Slide 51: SGLT-2 Inhibitors - Mechanism and Use\*\* 1\. \*\*What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors in the management of Type 2 Diabetes?\*\* \- A. Increase insulin secretion \- B. Block glucose reabsorption in the kidney \- C. Stimulate glucagon release \- D. In...

\#\#\# \*\*Slide 51: SGLT-2 Inhibitors - Mechanism and Use\*\* 1\. \*\*What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT-2 inhibitors in the management of Type 2 Diabetes?\*\* \- A. Increase insulin secretion \- B. Block glucose reabsorption in the kidney \- C. Stimulate glucagon release \- D. Inhibit hepatic glucose production \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Block glucose reabsorption in the kidney 2\. \*\*Which condition benefits from the use of SGLT-2 inhibitors by reducing the risk of progression?\*\* \- A. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) \- B. Liver cirrhosis \- C. Hypothyroidism \- D. Neuropathy \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3\. \*\*Which of the following cardiovascular benefits is associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Reduces myocardial infarction risk \- B. Increases HDL cholesterol \- C. Reduces major cardiovascular events and mortality \- D. Increases blood pressure \*\*Answer:\*\* C. Reduces major cardiovascular events and mortality \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 52: SGLT-2 Inhibitors - Adverse Effects\*\* 1\. \*\*What is a common adverse effect associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Hypotension \- B. Hypertension \- C. Weight gain \- D. Hypokalemia \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Hypotension 2\. \*\*Which genitourinary infection is a known side effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. Urinary tract infections and genital mycotic infections \- B. Pneumonia \- C. Skin infections \- D. Upper respiratory infections \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Urinary tract infections and genital mycotic infections 3\. \*\*What serious adverse event is associated with canagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor?\*\* \- A. Hypothyroidism \- B. Risk of lower limb amputations \- C. Pancreatitis \- D. Stroke \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Risk of lower limb amputations \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 53: SGLT-2 Inhibitors - Clinical Pearls\*\* 1\. \*\*In which patient population are SGLT-2 inhibitors contraindicated due to lack of efficacy?\*\* \- A. Patients with eGFR \< 30 mL/min \- B. Patients with hypertension \- C. Patients with hyperlipidemia \- D. Patients with asthma \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Patients with eGFR \< 30 mL/min 2\. \*\*What is the typical reduction in HbA1c observed with SGLT-2 inhibitors?\*\* \- A. 0.5-0.6% \- B. 0.7-0.8% \- C. 1-1.5% \- D. 2-3% \*\*Answer:\*\* B. 0.7-0.8% 3\. \*\*Which of the following is an additional benefit of SGLT-2 inhibitors beyond glucose control?\*\* \- A. Weight loss or weight neutrality \- B. Increased triglycerides \- C. Increased HDL cholesterol \- D. Weight gain \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Weight loss or weight neutrality \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 54: Dual Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes\*\* 1\. \*\*Which class of oral diabetes medications should be discontinued when insulin is added to therapy to reduce hypoglycemia risk?\*\* \- A. Sulfonylureas \- B. SGLT-2 inhibitors \- C. GLP-1 agonists \- D. DPP-4 inhibitors \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Sulfonylureas 2\. \*\*What is the expected reduction in HbA1c when adding a new non-insulin drug from a different class to dual or triple therapy in Type 2 Diabetes?\*\* \- A. 0.3-0.5% \- B. 0.7-1.0% \- C. 1.5-2.0% \- D. 2.5-3.0% \*\*Answer:\*\* B. 0.7-1.0% 3\. \*\*Which of the following is an important consideration when selecting agents for dual or triple therapy in Type 2 Diabetes?\*\* \- A. Always use medications from the same class \- B. Select agents with different mechanisms of action \- C. Avoid agents that reduce HbA1c \- D. Increase doses of initial therapy instead of adding new agents \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Select agents with different mechanisms of action \-\-- \#\#\# \*\*Slide 55: Hypoglycemia Symptoms and Management\*\* 1\. \*\*Which of the following is a recommended treatment for hypoglycemia in a conscious patient with blood glucose \< 70 mg/dL?\*\* \- A. Administer 15 grams of simple carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets \- B. Give 10 units of insulin \- C. Administer intravenous saline \- D. Provide high-protein snacks \*\*Answer:\*\* A. Administer 15 grams of simple carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets 2\. \*\*What is the next step if a patient's blood glucose remains \< 70 mg/dL 15 minutes after initial treatment for hypoglycemia?\*\* \- A. Administer insulin \- B. Repeat glucose administration and reassess \- C. Call for emergency medical assistance \- D. Administer glucagon immediately \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Repeat glucose administration and reassess 3\. \*\*Which hormone is used in severe hypoglycemia to increase blood glucose levels?\*\* \- A. Insulin \- B. Glucagon \- C. Somatostatin \- D. Epinephrine \*\*Answer:\*\* B. Glucagon