Antidiabetic Medications PDF

I. Insulin a. Action i. Hormone manufactured by\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells of pancreas that controls the storage and utilization of amino acids and fatty acids and lowers blood glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production by liver ii. Act...

I. Insulin a. Action i. Hormone manufactured by\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells of pancreas that controls the storage and utilization of amino acids and fatty acids and lowers blood glucose levels by inhibiting glucose production by liver ii. Activates a process that helps glucose molecules enter the cells of striated muscle and adipose tissue iii. Promotes protein synthesis iv. Helps body store \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ by preventing its breakdown for energy b. Use v. Management of Type I and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ diabetes (uncontrolled by diet) vi. Severe diabetic \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ vii. Treats hyperkalemia in combination with glucose c. Adverse Reactions viii. Hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia ix. Allergic reaction x. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 1. Cold/clammy, need some candy a. Reasons why b. Eats too little \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ c. Incorrect dosage d. Drastically \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ demands (activity or illness) xi. Hypo Versus Hyperglycemia 2. Hypoglycemia e. Sudden onset f. Glucose \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_mg/dL g. Fatigue, weakness, nervousness, confusion, seizures h. Hunger, nausea i. Pale, moist, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ j. Numbness of lips/tongue 3. Hyperglycemia k. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ onset l. Glucose \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ mg/dL m. Drowsiness n. Deep, rapid respirations, called Kussmauls o. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,NV, loss of appetite p. Dry, flushed, warm (hot & dry, sugar too high) q. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ breath, excessive urination 4. Nursing Interventions r. Hypoglycemia i. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_acting glucose---sugar, orange juice with sugar ii. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ carbohydrate and protein---peanut butter sandwich with milk or cheese and crackers s. Hyperglycemia iii. Administer insulin as ordered---usually is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_insulin and may be an insulin infusion iv. Normal saline infusion at a rapid rate d. Giving Insulin\--Interventions xii. IV---\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ insulin only xiii. Subcutaneously---all insulins xiv. Use \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_syringe xv. Give in fatty layer---back of arm, abdomen, upper leg xvi. Give rapid acting insulins only after \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is available to client xvii. Mixing short and intermediate acting 5. Put air in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_acting insulin vial first 6. Draw up short acting insulin first 7. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cannot be mixed xviii. Suspensions are mixed by\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ between palms---never shake xix. Always have another \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_check what has been drawn up xx. Rotate injection sites (prevents \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) xxi. Monitor for hypoglycemia---especially at peak times for insulin e. Client Teaching regarding Insulin xxii. How to test blood sugar xxiii. Follow-up care xxiv. Drawing up and self-administering xxv. Diet xxvi. Illness xxvii. Travel xxviii. Recognizing hypo/hyperglycemia and what to do xxix. Identification II. **Oral Hypoglycemics** f. Uses xxx. Used to treat patients with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ diabetes that is not controlled by diet and exercise alone xxxi. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ effective for treating type 1 diabetes g. Sulfonylureas xxxii. Actions 8. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_beta cells of pancreas to release insulin xxxiii. Adverse Effect 9. Nausea 10. Hypoglycemia xxxiv. Examples 11. Amaryl (glimepiride) 12. Glucotrol (glipizide) 13. Micronase, DiaBeta (glyburide) h. A-Glucosidase Inhibitors xxxv. Actions 14. Delay digestion of and absorption of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ xxxvi. Adverse Effects 15. Flatulence, diarrhea 16. Hypoglycemia xxxvii. Examples 17. Precose (acarbose) 18. Glyset (miglitol) i. Biguinides xxxviii. Actions 19. Reduces hepatic glucose production 20. Increases insulin \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in muscle and fat cells xxxix. Adverse Effects 21. Nausea, diarrhea,\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ xl. Examples 22. Glucophage (metformin) t. \*\*\*This drug should be held \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ after radiological exams requiring an iodinated material---CT scans. (follow hospital policy) j. Meglitinides xli. Action 23. Stimulate the release of insulin from the\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 24. More rapid than sulfonylureas but of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ duration xlii. Adverse reactions 25. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ symptoms 26. Back pain xliii. Examples 27. Starlix (nateglinide) 28. Prandin (repaglinide) k. Thiazolidinediones xliv. Actions 29. Decrease insulin \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 30. Increase insulin sensitivity xlv. Uses 31. Type II diabetes---in combination with other oral hypoglycemics xlvi. Adverse effects 32. Headache, fatigue 33. Hypoglycemia, infections xlvii. Examples 34. Actos (pioglitazone) 35. Avandia (rosiglitazone) l. Nursing Interventions xlviii. Give metglitinides 15-30 minutes before meals---with each meal xlix. Biguinides given with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ l. Sulfonylureas---glipizide 30 minutes before meals; glyburide with breakfast; all others with food li. a-Glucosidase inhibitors with \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of food 3 times per day lii. Thiazolidinediones---given with meal---do not \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ meals once drug is taken m. Client Teaching liii. Take as directed and at same time each day liv. Follow \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lv. Does not substitute for insulin lvi. Avoid ETOH lvii. Test blood sugar regularly lviii. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_and skin care lix. Routine follow-up care, eye exams lx. Moderate exercise lxi. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lxii. If skip a meal, skip dose of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_; if a meal is added, add a dose of drug