Paris Olympics 2024 PDF

PARIS OLYMPICS - Games of XXXIII OLYMPIAD 26 July - 11 Aug Held every 4 years Four year period is called Olympiad Two categories : summer games and winter games The Games have been held in 20 countries over 5 continents: 4 in the United States ; 3 times in UK and now,...

PARIS OLYMPICS - Games of XXXIII OLYMPIAD 26 July - 11 Aug Held every 4 years Four year period is called Olympiad Two categories : summer games and winter games The Games have been held in 20 countries over 5 continents: 4 in the United States ; 3 times in UK and now, france USA has hosted the most number of olympics Africa and india have not hosted the games yet Only 5 countries have participated in every summer olympic games ○ australia, france, UK, greece and switzerland Football, Rugby, Handball & Archery to start 2 days before games - 24 July (due to physical demands) therefore 19 days of competition Main games started from July 27 Games held in Paris - ○ 2nd city ever to host summer olympics 3 times After london (1908, 1948 and 2012) ○ 1900 ○ 1924 ○ 2024 Winter games held in France - ○ 1924 - Chamonix 1st Winter games held ever ○ 1968 - Grenoble ○ 1992 - Albertville Next games in France - 2030 French Alps Games held in London - ○ 1908 ○ 1948 ○ 2012 6 olympic games hosted by france (3 + 3) PARIS OLYMPICS 32 sports 329 medal events ○ 48 disciplines in Athletics ○ 49 across swimming, marathon swimming, water polo etc ○ Total 40 sports in Olympics, 32 in Paris, 8 in 2026 Milano Cortina games ○ 754 sessions 1st olympic games in france since 1992 Albertville winter games Paris was awarded hosting rights in the 131st IOC session in Lima, Peru - 2017 ○ Total cities with bids - 6 Paris LA Hamburg Rome  Budapest 10,500 athletes ○ 206 nations = including Refugee and Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN) AIN = athletes from Russia and Belarus 32 athletes in 10 sports Won 5 total medals ○ 1 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze Did not participate in the Parade of Nations 35 venues ○ 16 additional cities ○ Surfing in Tahiti, French Polynesia ○ Sailing in Marseille ○ Football all across France Paris located in Ile de France region of france ○ means island of france New sports and events ○ Breakdancing debut - will not be repeated in 2028 Los Angeles Debuted at 2018 Youth Olympics ○ Surfing was introduced in Tokyo Surfing shortboard took place in Teahupo’o, Tahiti in 2024 May have been the farthest a sport venue has been from the host city ○ Skateboarding introduced in tokyo, also in paris ○ Sport climbing introduced in Tokyo, also in paris ○ 3x3 basketball introduced in Tokyo, also in paris ○ In Canoe slalom umbrella event - Kayak cross made its debut in Paris : 1st head-to-head race ○ Men’s event in artistic swimming included for the 1st time in olympic history 3 new mixed events ○ Formula kite – kitesurfing class chosen by World Sailing for the 2024 Summer Olympics New sports in 2028 LA games ○ 2 new sports : flag football and squash ○ 4 returning activities : lacrosse (1904, 1908), cricket (1900), baseball & softball (2021) 1st event of the Paris Olympics ○ Football match b/w argentina and morocco on july 24 Morocco defeated world champion argentina 2-1 1st medal event ○ July 27 ○ Mixed air rifle team event of shooting Opening Ceremony ○ 1st parade of nations – 1908 London Olympics ○ First time in River and not stadium - river Seine 2024 777 km long Starts from Source Seine and ends at Le Havre Loire is longest river Seine is 2nd longest  ○ To show purity of river, mayor of paris Anne Hidalgo jumped into the Seine River ○ 6500 athletes in 94 boats 6 km long parade course of east to west starts from Austerlitz bridge besides Jardin de Plantes Finale at Trocadero Ceremony marked : 130th anniversary of IOC (1894) 235th anniversary of French revolution (1789) Centenary of 1924 games ○ Artistic director of the opening and closing ceremonies – Thomas Jolly ○ Ça Ira – performed by gojira at the opening ceremony ○ Filmed by Olympic Broadcasting Service ○ Olympic anthem was performed - composed by Spyridon Samaras ○ Music director - Victor Le Masne ○ Paris Olympics president - Tony Estanguet ○ Liberte section included Beheaded Marie Antoinette ○ Last Supper controversy Painted by Leonardo Da Vinci ○ South Korea was introduced as North Korea ○ Train line attack Closing ceremony held at Stade de France ○ August 11 Last event will be the Women’s basketball finals on august 11 ○ US vs France ○ USA won First time since Sarajevo (yugoslavia) 1984 that opening and closing ceremony held at different locations Antwerp Ceremony - current mayor of the city that organises the Games transfers the official Olympic flag to the president of the IOC, who then passes it on to the current mayor of the city hosting the next Olympic Games ○ Mayor of paris – Anne Hidalgo 1st woman mayor of Paris ○ Mayor of LA - Karon Bass 1st woman mayor of LA ○ ORDER OF NATIONS Greece was 1st - founder of olympics Followed by IOC Refugee Olympic Team Formed 2016 2024 team includes 37 athletes 1st medal : Cindy Winner Ngamba - Cameroon ○ Born in cameroon and has lived in england for 15 years w/o citizenship ○ LGBTQ+ ○ Bronze ○ Boxing - 75kg ○ Semi-final loss to panama’s atheyna bylon  This time - 37 athletes Olympic Refugee Foundation Olympic flag and hymn used as symbol IOC Code = EOR, ROT in 2016 Kimia Alizadeh (iranian-bulgarian) was the 1st to win a medal representing the team, but at European Championship 2022 - Taekwondo - held in UK ○ Left iran in 2020 ○ Had won a bronze medal in taekwondo 57 kg 2016 rio olympics 1st iranian female to win an olympic medal France was last Host of next olympics - US (second last) Host of 2032 - Australia (third last) ○ Main host city - Brisbane, Queensland 3rd was afghanistan India - 84th Israel - 90th ○ Total 5 fixed positions Paris olympics 2024 – First olympics to reach gender parity ○ Women first allowed in 1900 Out of 997 athletes, 22 were women In 5 sports Helene de Pourtales first woman to participate first female olympic champion - gold sailing team - Switzerland Charlotte Cooper - first individual winner in tennis Margaret Abbot - first American Woman to win Golf USA’s First female olympic champion Mary Abbot - her mother also participated in same event and only mother-daughter duo to participate in same olympic same event First female members of IOC Flor Isava Fonseca Pirjo Haggman USA topped medal tally for 4th straight time, 19th time overall (won 126 medals) China tied at gold medals - first time in history (91 medals) (40 gold medals) Japan - 3rd w 20 gold medals and 6th in overall medal count France won 64 total medals (16 gold) – 5th position 4th - australia India - 71st Pakistan - 62nd UK - 7th Italy - 9th Canada - 12th 7 countries + refugee team : placed last (84th position)  CULTURAL MASCOT OF PARIS OLYMPICS 2024 – The Phryges - soft hat typically in red, was traditionally worn by freed slaves in Phrygia, an ancient kingdom located in present-day Turkey ○ Designed by Gilles Deleris ○ Symbol of liberty ○ Revealed in 2022 ○ Marianne shown wearing it ○ Olympic Phryge is "the smart one" with a "methodical mind and alluring charm" whereas the Paralympic Phryge is "a party animal, spontaneous and a bit hotheaded” Nairobi Treaty on Protection of the Olympic Symbol (five rings) 1981 protects copyright Logo of paris olympics : combines 3 symbols : gold medal, olympic flame and marianne Motto/Slogan - Games Wide open Motto of Olympic and Paralympic Phryge – Alone we run faster, but together we go further Official music theme : Parade ○ Composed by victor le masne, a french composer Theme of 2024 olympic day (23rd june) – Let’s Move and Celebrate ○ 23rd june commemorates the founding of the IOC in 1894 Baron Pierre De Coubertin, French Historian revived the olympic games of ancient greece ○ First olympic day celebrated in 1948 by 9 countries portugal , greece, austria, canada, switzerland, great britain, uruguay, venezuela and belgium First ever medals : - ○ St Lucia ○ Dominica ○ Cape Verde ○ Albania ○ Botswana and Guatemala won their 1st ever gold medal ○ Pakistan won first individual gold medal 206 National Olympic Committees at the 2024 Summer Games By continent: ○ 54 from Africa ○ 48 from Europe ○ 44 from Asia ○ 41 from the Americas ○ 17 from Oceania North Korea returned to the Games in 2024 after missing the 2021(2020) edition. Cauldron ○ Created by French designer Mathieu Lehanneur ○ a giant ring of “fire” topped by a monumental balloon that takes to the skies over Paris Torch bearers - Teddy Riner and Marie Jose Perec  Longest games - 1908 London - 6 months Sports not included 2024 - Baseball, karate and softball International Olympic Committee ○ Leader of the olympic movement ○ international, non-governmental, sports governing body ○ Founded in paris, france At the 1st olympic congress ○ Founded on 23 June 1894 Olympic Day Run is usually held during June 17–24 by NOCs, with 1.5 km Olympic Day Fun Run, 5 km, and 10 km running activities. ○ Baron Pierre De Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas Olympics revived in 1896 by pierre de coubertin ○ HQ - Lausanne, Switzerland ○ 206 National Olympic Committees recognised ○ 111 active members, 38 honorary members, 206 individual NOCs Since 12 December 1999 the IOC Membership has been limited to 115 members, with the following maxima: 70 individual members 15 athlete members 15 NOC presidents 15 IF presidents ○ President - Thomas Bach (German Foil champion) 9th president became in 2013 Final olympics under him ○ 1st president - demetrios vikelas (greece) Till 1897 ○ Director general of IOC - Christopher De Kepper ○ French is host language, English is reference language Nita Ambani ○ First indian woman to join IOC ○ First joined in 2016 ○ has been re-elected as India's representative to the IOC during its 142nd session in Paris ○ First Youth Games - 2010 (Summer) - Singapore Winter youth games - Innsbruck, Austria 2012 INDIAN OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION ○ 1927 ○ acts as the Indian Commonwealth Games Association ○ President - Pilavullakandi Thekkeparambil Usha (PT Usha) since Dec 2022 ○ 1st president - Sir Dorabji Tata MOTTO OF OLYMPICS - ○ “Citius Altius Fortius Communiter” (Latin) (Communiter added in 2021) ○ means “Faster, Higher, Stronger - Together” ○ In use since 1924  Olympic flame ○ The Olympic flame first appeared at the Amsterdam 1928 Games. ○ Lit in Olympia, Greece near Temple of Hera ○ 1st Olympic Torch Relay - 1936 Berlin games - introduced by Carl Diem ○ 2024 - flame was in a lantern Just 100 days before the start of olympic games, a torch is taken around different cities around the world 2024 : relay of olympic torch started in greece on 16th april ○ First time symbolic flame - 1928 summer games in Amsterdam Placed on Marathon Tower ○ 1956 - Barry Larkin Melbourne flame prank ○ First time transported by airplane - 1952 ○ First woman to light - Enriquette Basilio ○ The 2004 Summer Olympics Torch Relay took the Olympic Flame across every habitable continent Olympic Charter ○ First published : 1908 ○ 6 chapters ○ 61 articles ○ Latest revision - 2023 - 141st IOC session - to strengthen human rights commitments Hosted by Mumbai, India at the Jio World Centre 86th IOC edition took place in New Delhi in 1983 Olympic Flag ○ 1913 ○ Guidance from Baron de Coubertin or Pierre de Coubertin ○ five interlocking rings, coloured blue, yellow, black, green, and red on a white field – represents continents Yellow - asia Blue - europe Black - africa Red - america Green - australia ○ 5 rings of olympics designed by pierre de coubertin in 1913 Mascot ○ First overall mascot - 1932 Olympics - “Smoky (dog)” First official games mascot - 1972 Munich - “Waldi the Dachshund” First winter games mascot (unofficial) - “Schuss” - 1968 Grenoble games (Little man in skis) First official winter games mascot - “Schneemann (snowman)” - 1976 Innsbruck (austria) Winter games 2026 Winter games Mascot - Tina (Ermine - animal) ○ To be held in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy 1904 St. Louis (USA) : Beginning of Olympic Oath and Flag. 1960 Rome : For the 1st time, Ceremony was Broadcast on TV.  1980 Moscow : For 1st time, a Laser Show was held 2000 Sydney: Unity Flag came in the Ceremony, in which Athletes of North and South Korea came together for the 1st time. 2012 London: For the 1st time, Theme of Digital Technology and Social Media was kept in the ceremony. Winter Games ○ 1st winter games held in 1924 - Chamonix, France ○ were held every four years from 1924 to 1936, interrupted in 1940 (tokyo) and 1944 (helsinki) by World War II, resumed in 1948 ○ Held with summer games till 1992 - Albertville - France 1992 summer and winter games – last to be held together Decision to switch to alternating even-numbered years in 1986 - 91st IOC session Next games were in 1994 and the current olympic cycle began in 1994 ○ Have been held in 13 countries across 3 continents - all in northern hemisphere ○ Held most times in US - 4 times USA has hosted the games (4 summer + 4 winter) a total of 8 times now 2028 LA olympics will be the 9th time ○ The games succeeded the Nordic Games - which ended in 1926 ○ 2022 - held in Beijing - only city to host both winter and summer games ○ Norway has won the most gold medals in winter games 148 golds 2nd is US 3rd is Germany India winter olympic debut - innsbruck winter 1964 ○ 1st competitor from india in the 1964 winter games - Jeremy Bujakoswki Men’s Downhill The SOLE athlete representing india at the 1964 & 1968 Grenoble games Didn't win any medal India didn’t participate from 1972 to 1984 in winter games ○ Participated after 20 years in 1988 Calgary winter games Also saw the first Indian female winter games athlete - Shailja Kumar ○ India’s lone participant in 1998 winter games - Shiva Keshvanan - participated in Luge Indian with most appearances in winter games after his 6th appearance in 2018  INDIA AT OLYMPICS 41 TOTAL MEDALS 10 GOLD MEDALS 1st appearance in 1900 Olympics as British India ○ First asian nation to win an olympic medal ○ Single athlete represented ○ Norman Pritchard won 2 silvers ○ 19th overall rank Didn’t participate till 1920 olympics when Sir Dorab Tata endorsed individual representation in IOC ○ 6 competitors - 4 athletes + 2 wrestlers ○ Has participated in every games since HOCKEY 1923 - Provisional All India Olympic Committee ○ Organised All India Olympic Games (later National Games) in 1924 1927 - IOA International Hockey Federation formed in 1924 Indian Hockey Federation formed in 1925 ○ Dissolved in 2008 ○ Replaced w Hockey India Estd in 2009 President : Dillip Tirkey Logo is Ashok Chakra with hockey sticks as spokes Current ranking in FIH - 5th (men’s team) Women’s team - 9th Men’s coach - Craig Fulton Women’s coach - Harendra Singh Paris Games - 25th edition of hockey ○ Netherlands beat germany to win ○ India - 3rd Pool B By defeating spain Harmanpreet Singh - 10 goals PR Sreejesh played the last international tournament of his career India’s performance in hockey (olympics) ○ 8 gold medals ○ 13 overall - 8 gold + 1 silver + 3 bronze ○ Most successful team in hockey history ○ India ended 41-year drought by winning a bronze at tokyo 2020 Defeated germany Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, in 2012, declared that India has no national sport, removing hockey. Field hockey is the national sport of pakistan. Men’s field hockey team - 1st gold medal in 1928 ○ Field hockey added in 1908 ○ Removed in 1924  ○ Again added in 1928 ○ Indian team won from 1928 - 1956 - Gold medals - unbeaten streak ○ Indian field hockey team won a gold medal at 1948 london summer olympics by defeating UK in the final 1st gold medal for india as an independent nation ○ Lost in 1960 to Pakistan in finals 1st silver ○ Won again - 1964 ○ 1976 Montreal - Astroturf introduced First time India didn’t win a medal ○ 1980 - india won a gold in moscow Then for 41 years, no medal Dry spell broken in 2020 tokyo olympics ○ 1932 Olympics - India defeated USA 24-1 Largest margin win ○ 1936 india defeated Germany in finals 8-1 Largest margin win in finals ○ Paris games was 25th edition of hockey ○ Jaipal Singh Munda was captain of 1928, 1932 (Tribal) note - women’s hockey team debuted in 1980 - ZIMBABWE WON ○ India - 4th Most goals scored in finals - Balbir Singh Sr Khasabha Dadasaheb (KD) Jadhav - 1st individual medal for independent India ○ Bronze medal ○ Wrestling in 1952 Helsinki games ○ Men’s bantamweight (57 kg) ○ Only Indian olympic medallist to not receive any Padma award Smallest delegation - 1968 games No medals were won at 1976 Montreal games - first time since 1924 2nd individual medal for India - Leander Paes – 1996 Atlanta - Bronze ○ First individual medalist since 1952 ○ Tennis ○ Men’s singles ○ 1st Asian in Olympic history to win a tennis medal and the only Indian till date ○ 1st Indian and the only tennis player to compete in 7 Olympic Games Karnam Malleswari ○ 1st ever olympic medal won by an indian woman ○ 2000 sydney olympics ○ Weightlifting ○ Women’s 69 kg ○ 1994 Arjuna award ○ Rajiv khel ratna (now major chand khel ratna) in 1999 ○ Padma Shri in 1999 ○ 2-time world champion - 1994 and 1995 Nilima Ghose ○ 1st female indian olympian  ○ 1952 helsinki games India’s 1st medal in shooting (silver) : Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore ○ Also 1st individual olympic Silver ○ 2004 athens games ○ Men’s double trap 2008 BEIJING OLYMPICS India’s best performance till then was in 2008 beijing games - 3 medals ○ Abhinav Bindra in 10m air rifle shooting - gold First individual gold medal First and only gold medal in shooting Didn’t qualify for 2012 games 2016 - 4th position Arjuna award 2000 When he placed 11th in 2000 sydney games Major Dhyaan Chand khel ratna award - 2002 ○ Vijender Singh - boxing Bronze medal in 2008 1st indian boxer to win an olympic medal Middleweight division ○ Sushil Kumar - first medal in wrestling since KD Jadhav Bronze in 2008 Silver in 2012 london games 1st indian to win two individual olympic medals 66 kg freestyle First indian since independence to win multiple olympic medals First and only indian to win a gold medal at world wrestling championships 2012 saw highest number of athletes till then - 83 ○ 6 medals - 2 silver, 4 bronze Sushil Kumar won a silver medal to become the first Indian since independence with multiple individual Olympic medals. 66 kg freestyle, silver Was defeated by Tatsuhiro Yonemitsu ○ Saina Nehwal - bronze ○ Mary Kom - first medal in boxing female - flyweight Bronze medal ○ Gagan narang - bronze in men’s 10m air rifle ○ Vijay kumar - silver in men’s 25m rapid fire pistol 2012 summer games - london 2016 rio games - 117 athletes - highest till then ○ Medals were won only by females - first time in history Pusarla Venkata Sindhu - silver Was defeated by Spain’s carolina marine Sakshi Malik - 58 kg Bronze medal 1st female wrestler to win medal ○ First time since 2004 that shooters didn’t win  ○ First time since 2008 that boxers didn’t win 2021 TOKYO OLYMPICS 339 events in 33 sports ○ Summer paralympics had 540 events in 22 sports Japan National Stadium ○ Summer paralympics - new national stadium Motto : United by Emotion Mascot : Miraitowa ○ Summer paralympics mascot was someity Largest delegation in Tokyo - 124 ○ Mary Kom and Manpreet Singh were flag bearers in opening ceremony ○ Bajrang Punia in closing ceremony ○ Total 7 medals won - best till date 1 gold, 2 silver, 4 bronze Neeraj Chopra 1st gold in athletics for India Neeraj Chopra winning throw was 87.28 metres ○ 89.34m at paris olympics His best throw is 89.94 metres - Stockholm Diamond League Saikhom Mirabai Chanu - women’s 49 kg weightlifting ○ First medal on opening day of games ○ 1st silver in weight lifting Sindhu - 1st Indian female athlete and the 2nd Indian ever to win medals in consecutive Summer Games in individual events after she won a bronze in women's badminton. ○ Sindhu defeated He Bingjiao of China Men’s hockey team broke 41 year drought - bronze Lovlina Borgohain in boxing - bronze ○ Olympic debutant ○ 2nd woman to win an olympic medal in boxing ○ 3rd indian boxer to win a medal at the olympics ○ Welterweight Bajrang Punia - freestyle wrestling - bronze ○ 65 kg ○ only Indian wrestler to win four medals at the World Wrestling Championships. Only lone skier in 2022 Beijing winter games - Arif Khan Tokyo – only city to have been subject to both a cancellation (1940) and a postponement (2020) First time olympics were postponed - 2020 tokyo olympics - held in 2021 1916 Berlin summer games – first to be cancelled (due to ww1) ○ Further cancelled in 1940 and 1944 due to ww2 ○ Has been cancelled a total of 3 times Large scale boycotts during cold war limited participation in 1980 and 1984 olympics Paris games ○ 117 competitors - 47 female 70 males ○ In 16 sports across 69 medal events ○ Opening ceremony : PV Sindhu and Achanta Sharath Kamal were flag bearers  1920 – sprinter purma banerjee held indian flag for the first time in olympics (antwerp, belgium) ○ Closing ceremony : Manu Bhaker and Parattu Raveendran (PR) Sreejesh ○ Abhinav Bindra selected as torchbearer for 2024 paris olympics ○ 26th appearance for India ○ Total medals won - 6 : 3 bronzes in shooting + 1 silver in javelin throw + 1 bronze in hockey + 1 bronze in wrestling Silver - Neeraj Chopra (javelin throw) Manu Bhaker - 10m bronze First indian woman to win a medal in shooting first Indian to win two medals in a single Games since Independence. Was her 2nd olympics Gold and silver of the event were won by Oh Ye Jin and Kim Ye Jin of republic of korea (south korea) Manu Bhaker and Sarabhjot Singh - Mixed shooting 10m pistol - bronze By defeating republic of korea’s Oh Ye Jin and Lee Wonho First ever medal in a shooting team event Gold won by Serbia's Zorana Arunovic & Damir Mikec Silver won by Türkiye's Sevval Ilayda Tarhan & Yusuf Dikec (Turkey's Oldest ever Olympic Medallist, at the age of 51 years and 212 days). a. Yusuf Dikec is the turkish shooter that trended online Swapnil Kusale - Men’s 50m rifle three-position event Bronze India’s first ever olympic shooting medal in this category Liu Yukun of china won gold medal and Serhiy Kulish of ukraine won silver medal Men’s hockey - bronze Harmanpreet Singh was captain Amit Rohidas received red card for hitting Will Calnan Defeated Spain for bronze medal Aman Sehrawat - Men’s freestyle wrestler 57 kg Youngest indian to win an individual olympic medal Bronze medal Kim Ye Ji, south korean shooter ○ Silver medal in 10m women pistol event 2024 ○ To star as an assassin in the movie “crush” w anushka sen Crush is the spinoff short-form series of the global film project ‘asia’ Gagang Narang - Chef de Mission ○ Deputy Chef de Mission - Shiva Kesavanan Notables - ○ Arjun Babuta finished 4th in 10m rifle ○ Total six 4th place finishes - most for a country ○ Manu Bhaker missed 25m pistol rapid fire bronze - finished 4th Gold won by Yang Jiin of south korea ○ Indian mixed archery team consisting of Ankita Bhakat and Dhiraj Bommadevara lost to the USA in the bronze medal match 2-4 - finished 4th ○ Mixed skeet team represented by Maheshwari Chauhan and Anant Jeet Singh Naruka - finished 4th  ○ Lakshya Sen lost to Malaysia’s Lee Jii Zia - finished 4th First indian male shuttler to reach semi-finals of olympic badminton men’s singles event ○ Table tennis : manika batra - first indian table tennis player to enter pre-quarterfinals ○ Mirabai finished 4th in women’s 49kg weightlifting event Vishnu Saravanan - Sailing Youngest - Dhinidhi Desinghu - swimming ○ 14 yrs old ○ Also the youngest swimmer at paris 2024 Oldest - Rohan Bopanna (44-year old tennis player) ○ 17 years younger than overall oldest athlete – Juan Antonio Jimenez Cobo (65yrs) Equestrian ○ Youngest olympian (2024) – chinese skater Zheng Haohao (11 yrs old) ○ Tilotama Ikareth, a 20 - year - old from Kerala (India), carried Olympic Torch along with 23 Other Para Taekwondo Athletes at 2024 Paris Olympics Torch Relay. She was born with a partially paralysed right arm and has dyslexia. ○ Indian Army Officer Lt Col Kabilan Sai Ashok (32 years old) became India's Youngest Referee to officiate Boxing Events at Paris 2024. 4th Indian since 1904 to officiate at Olympics. also 1st to have represented the Country as a Player and an Official at a World Championship Event ○ India – 6 medals 1 silver, 5 bronze Has won a total of 41 medals at the olympics till now 10 gold 10 silver 21 bronze ○ Final medal table position : - 71 48th place in 2021 ○ Pakistan’s position - 62nd Arshad Nadeen won gold medal in javelin throw 92.97 metres - surpassed the previous Olympic mark of 90.57 set by Andreas Thorkildsen of Norway in 2008. World ranking - 5 1st individual gold for pakistan First medal for pak - 1956 - Hockey - Silver First gold - 1960 - Rome - hockey First individual medal - Mohammed Bashir - wrestling Total medals won overall - 11 Serbia’s Novak Djokovic won gold medal in tennis men's singles ○ By defeating spain’s carlos alcaraz ○ 5th player in tennis history to complete the “golden slam” – all 4 grand slam titles + olympic gold ○ Other players who’ve done so : serena williams, rafael nadal, andre agassi and steffi graf First to do so : steffi graf (1988 seoul games) Serena williams : only player to have completed the golden slam in both singles and doubles  Usa’s Katie Ledecky makes olympic history w 9th gold medal in swimming ○ Equaled all-time women’s record by Larisa Latynina (9 gold, 18 total, soviet union) France’s swimmer Leon Marchand broke 4 olympic records ○ 4 gold medals in individual events Pan Zhanle of china broke the world record in men’s 100m freestyle swimming ○ 46.4 seconds ○ Gold medal ○ First swimming world record of paris 2024 ○ First ever medal for china at 100m freestyle swimming American swimmer bobby finke broke the world record (& gold medal) in men’s 1500m freestyle swimming event ○ 14:30.67 ○ surpassed previous mark of 14:31:02 set by china’s sun yang at 2012 london olympics USA’s team featuring vernon norwood, shamier little, bryce deadmon and kaylyn brown broke previous world record in mixed 4x400m relay ○ 3:07.41 ○ Previous record - 3:08.80 set by another american relay team (justin robinson, rosey effiong, matthew boling, alexis holmes) during 2023 world athletics championships in budapest, hungary CONTROVERSY AT PARIS OLYMPICS 2024 Imane khelif : 25-year old welterweight boxer from algeria ○ Qualified for quarterfinals of olympic women’s boxing tournament ○ Dismantled italy’s angela carini in round of 16 ○ Fight lasted just 46 seconds In 2023, Imane Khelif and chinese taipei boxer Lin Yu-ting were banned from competing in IBA’s world championship in new delhi ○ Had failed the gender test of the International Boxing Association ○ Both are competing in paris olympics ○ IOC derecognised IBA over governance and financial issues Swyer syndrome - also known as 46 XY Gonadal Dysgenesis ○ Individuals have one X and one Y chromosome in each cell but develop female reproductive structures ○ Disorder of sex development ○ Humans normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes - 46 in total 22 of these pairs - called autosomes - same in men & women Vinesh Phogat’s disqualification ○ 50 kg final match ○ weighed 100 g above the limit ○ Defeated olympic champion Yui Susaki of Japan and Ukraine’s eighth seed Oksana Livach ○ 1st indian woman wrestler to reach an olympic final Defeated cuba’s yusneylis guzman lopez (5-0) ○ Coach – woller akos of hungary  ○ Gold claimed by american sarah ann hildebrandt ○ appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) over the issue ○ Honoured w a gold medal by the sarvkhap panchayat in rohtak Article 7 of the rules provides that each contestant is deemed to be taking part of her own free will and is responsible for herself and is entitled to compete in only one weight category, the one corresponding to her weight at the time of the official weigh-in Extra info Vinesh phogat born in 1994 Highest world ranking - 1 Spouse - somvir rathee 168cm 50.1 kg Olympics : History - official beginning : 776 BC, about 2800 years ago - Organised olympia century located in the forests of north-east pelepanis - One-day event, walking race was organised - Later this event started being organised at an interval of 4 years – called olympiad - In 393 AD, theodosius I banned greek temples, god statues and also banned olympics to propagate christianity - Record of last olympic games : 261 AD - Father of modern olympics - baron pierre de coubertin - Became secretary general of IOC - 5 april, 1986 : 1st international olympic event began at athens - King george I of greece officially announced the start of olympics OLYMPIC MEDAL obverse featured embedded hexagon Scraps taken from Eiffel Tower’s construction site Designed by Chaumet Produced by Monnaie de Paris Nike with Panathenaic Stadium, the Acropolis of Athens, and the Eiffel Tower in the background Gold medal - 92.5% of silver, plated with 6 grams of gold ○ Silver is 92.5% silver ○ Bronze is copper and tin 1896 - first medal 1900 - only olympics with a non circular medal Tradition of awarding gold medals began w the 1904 Los Angeles Olympics Last version of the Trionfo design - 2000 Olympic Order 1975  Highest award of Olympic Movement Successor of Olympic Diploma of Merit 3 categories ○ Gold - heads of state or exceptions ○ Silver ○ Bronze Later decided in 1984 that no categories should be allowed Only gold will continue First Indian athlete recipient - Abhinav Bindra (2024) ○ During 142nd session of IOC in paris French president emmanuel macron receives the olympic order in gold (2024) Indira Gandhi received - Gold order (1983) Olympic Movement ○ Collective efforts inspired by olympic games and its values ○ IOC + International Sports Federation + National Olympics Committee Paris olympics – first olympics to not have official console video game Paris Olympic poster designed by : ○ Ugo Gattoni ○ First poster in 1900 Stockholm - 1912 ○ All 5 continents participated First woman to carry a national flag (flag bearer) ○ Mollie Philps ○ UK ○ 1932 Lake Placid winter olympics 2009 - UNGA IOC PERMANENT OBSERVER STATUS 2016 - Rio first city in South America to host games ○ 2 cities in southern hemisphere have hosted ○ Rio 2016 ○ 1956 Melbourne Olympic Laurel ○ Introduced in 2016 by Thomas Bach ○ Based on recommendations of Olympic Vision 2020 ○ trophy features a laurel wreath and the Olympic rings which are made out of Fairmined Gold and the base is a stone from Ancient Olympia. ○ Awarded total of 3 times 2-time olympic champion & ioc honorary member, Kipchoge Keino of Kenya - 2016 rio games Mohammed Yunus - Bangladesh - 2021, tokyo games Filipo Grandi of Italy - 2024 He is the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Also the vice chair of the olympic refugee foundation 3rd recipient SPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA - 1984 Established IXth Asian Games held in New Delhi in 1982 Mansukh Mandvdiya - Minister of Youth affairs and sports is head  DG - Sandeep Pradhan Court of Arbitration for Sport - Estd : 1984 - International quasi-judicial body - Hq - lausanne, switzerland - Appeals to federal supreme court of switzerland - Benches located in new york, sydney and lausanne - Temporary courts established in current olympic host cities - President : john coates - Since 2011 United World Wrestling - Founded : 1912 - Formerly known as FILA (Federation Internationale des Luttes Associees) - Its flagship event is world wrestling championships - Hq : corsier-sur-vevey, switzerland - President : nenad lalovic Wrestling Federation of India - Estd : 1967 - President : sanjay singh - Previous : brij bhushan - Hq : new delhi International Boxing Association - Founded : 1946 - HQ : lausanne, switzerland - President : umar kremlev (russia) - Members : 198 World anti-doping agency - Founded : 1999 - HQ : montreal, quebec, canada - President : witold banka - Affiliated w IOC - 1st president : dick pound National Anti Doping Agency - Formation : 2005 - HQ : new delhi - Chairman : minister of sports of india - Current : mansukh mandaviya - Minister of youth affairs and sports - Also the union minister of labour & employment Paralympic Games The term “Paralympic Games” was only officially used and approved by the IOC from the Games in 1984. From 1960 to 1980, they were officially known as the International Stoke Mandeville Games 2024 Paralympic Paris games - 28 Aug to 8 September - 1st in Paris, 2nd in France October, 8 2023 - First paralympic day small gathering of British World War II veterans in 1948 - organised by Dr Ludwig Guttman First disabled athlete in any olympics - George Eyser - 1904 First official games - 1960 Rome - also called 9th Stoke Mandeville Games initially open only to athletes in wheelchair ○ at the 1976 Summer Games, athletes with different disabilities were included for the first time at a Summer Paralympics Since 1988 Seoul, both olympic and paralympic summer games held together in same host city 1992 Winter games, despite in same country, used different venues 1994 were first games when both winter and paralympic games held together International Paralympic Committee ○ 1989 – founded in Dusseldorf, Germany ○ HQ – Bonn, Germany ○ Members - 183 National Paralympic committees ○ President - Andrew Parsons - Brazil 3rd president 1st was Robert Steadward (till 2001) ○ Vice President - Duane Kale ○ First games organised - 1994 games winter ○ Total 3 presidents till date Robert Steadward - Canada Sir Philip Craven - UK Andrew Parsons - Brazil PARALYMPIC COMMITTEE OF INDIA ○ 1992 (registered in 1994) ○ HQ : new delhi ○ President - Devendra Jhajharia 1st president - Rathan Singh ○ Secretary general - Jayawant Gundu Hamanawar ○ Public authority status in 2006 ○ Total 35 state paralympic committees INDIA AT PARALYMPICS First participated in 1968 - Tel Aviv, Israel Has appeared in every edition since 1984 Paris 2024 is India’s 13th appearance  India does not participate in winter paralympic games First medal : - Murlikant Petkar in swimming - freestyle ○ Gold ○ 1972 munich ○ Overall 25th rank 1st Indian multi medallist - Joginder Singh Bedi 1984 ○ 3 medals ○ Athletics - 3 different sports 1st indian woman to win a paralympic medal - Deepa Malik ○ Shot Put ○ 2016 ○ Silver 1st indian woman to win gold medal at paralympics - Avani Lekhara (shooting) ○ Also first indian woman to win gold medal twice in shooting at paralympics (2021 and 2024) 2nd after javelin thrower devendra jhajharia to win 2 gold medals at games ○ 10m air rifle standing event ○ also won the bronze in the 50m rifle 3 positions SH1 event at Paris, becoming the 1st Indian woman to win multiple medals at a single Paralympic Games Mona Agarwal won bronze in same event first double podium finish in women’s event ○ First indian woman to win 3 medals First civil servant to win - Suhas Lalinakere ○ Badminton ○ Won medals at both tokyo 2020 and paris 2024 (silver in 2024) Bhimrao Kesarkar - javelin throw - 1984 2004 - Devendra Jhajahria (F46 javelin throw) - Gold medal in Javelin throw ○ 2016 - gold medal in javelin throw ○ Silver in Tokyo ○ 1st indian paralympian to win 2 gold medals in javelin throw across 2 different paralympic games 2012 only medal - Girisha Nagarajegowda - Men’s high jump F42 2016 rio paralympics - 4 medals ○ After 2016 – india’s total medal tally at paralympics - 12 medals Tokyo Games ○ 19 medals, medal tally rank - 24 ○ five gold, eight silver and six bronze medals ○ Harvinder Singh- first Indian to win a medal in Paralympic archery after he won a bronze medal in the men's recurve event. ○ Indian shuttlers won four medals ○ Sumit Antil – gold medal in Javelin throw F64 w a new world record Paris Paralympics - india : 84 athletes in 12 sports ○ Total 549 events in 22 sports New additions : para cycling, para-rowing and blind judo ○ 28th aug - 8th sep ○ Opened by emmanuel macron ○ Closed by andrew parsons ○ Stadium (opening ceremony) - place de la concorde ○ Closing ceremony - stade de france ○ Best ever performance of indian para-athletes at paris paralympic games 2024  18th position / 170 countries First top 20 ranking 29 medals 7 golds 9 silvers 13 bronzes Female athletes - a total of 10 medals 1 gold, 1 silver and 8 bronze India achieved its best-ever single-day gain at paralympics, winning 8 medals (2 gold, 3 silver and 3 bronze) in paris 2024 Has a total of 60 medals from paralympics now ○ Flag bearers - Javelin thrower Sumit Antil and shot putter Bhagyashri Jadhav - opening ceremony ○ archer Harvinder Singh and sprinter Preethi Pal – closing ceremony Preethi Pal - first Indian woman to win 2 medals in track and field at paralympics India’s 1st medal in track event at paralympics Harvinder Singh - india’s 1st paralympic gold in archery Previously won bronze in 2021 ○ Became 1st indian to win an archery medal ○ Chef De Mission : Satya Prakash Sangwan Vice president of paralympic committee of india ○ Nitesh Kumar – gold in the Men's Singles SL3 ○ Sumit Antil - javelin throw F64 1st Indian male athlete to win back-to-back gold medals in the same event 1st indian male para-athlete to defend his title in paralympics Won a gold medal at tokyo 2020 ○ Dharambir Nain - Men's Club Throw F51, - gold ○ Navdeep Singh - men’s javelin throw F41 - gold after Iran’s Beit Sayah Sadegh was disqualified He originally had a silver India’s first ever gold in men’s javelin F41 category Competition class for field athletes w short stature ○ Praveen Kumar – gold the same day in men's high jump T64 ○ Sheetal Devi and Rakesh Kumar - bronze in Mixed compound open archery event Sheetal devi at 17 became india’s youngest paralympic medallist in history Only female armless archer at paris 2024 ○ 1st indian woman to win gold medal at paralympics - Avani Lekhara (shooting) Also first indian woman to win gold medal twice in shooting at paralympics (2021 and 2024) 2nd after javelin thrower devendra jhajharia to win 2 gold medals at games 10m air rifle standing event also won the bronze in the 50m rifle 3 positions SH1 event at Paris, becoming the 1st Indian woman to win multiple medals at a single Paralympic Games Mona Agarwal won bronze in same event ○ first double podium finish in women’s event First indian woman to win 3 medals ○ Deepthi Jeevanji 1st intellectually impaired indian athlete to win a paralympic medal w a bronze in women’s 400m t20 class  ○ Mariyappan Thangavelu - 1st indian para-athlete to win medals at 3 consecutive games (high jump) - T63 class Gold at rio 2016 Silver at tokyo 2020 Bronze at paris 2024 ○ Thulasimathi Murugesan became the only indian woman para shuttler to win a silver medal at paralympics ○ Most competitors in athletics table topped by China - 220 medals total, 94 gold 2nd - UK - 49 golds 3rd - US - 36 golds First double podium finish : - Mariyappan Thangavelu and Varun Singh Bhati - Rio 2016 in athletics First one-two (gold and silver) finish : - Tokyo 2020 - Manish Narwal and Singhraj Adhana in shooting. SCHEMES Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS) 2014 Revamped in 2018 Athletes receive monthly stipends of rs. 50,000 + funding for training camps, international competitions and equipment By Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports Complemented by Khelo India National Sports Day – 29 Aug MISSION OLYMPIC CELL Dedicated body under TOPS Over sees implementation of TOPS Aids TOPs athletes Comes under DG of SAI The National Sports Development Fund (NSDF) was established in November, 1998. KHELO INDIA SCHEME 2018 MISCELLANEOUS - 1964 tokyo olympics - 1st olympics held in asia - 1st time south africa was excluded in sports for using apartheid system - National game of USA - baseball - National game of canada - ice hockey - Nation game of UK - cricket - National game of Australia - australian rules football - National game of france - football - National game of japan - sumo wrestling - 1st table tennis paralympic medal for india – Bhavina Patel - 2020 tokyo olympics - Michael phelps has won 28 medals, more than any person in olympic history - USA boycotted 1980 moscow olympics to protest soviet union’s invasion of afghanistan - The marathon was developed for the first modern olympics held in athens in 1896. - Fencing was one of the 9 sports at the first modern Olympics in 1896 and has been part of the Games ever since. - Has taken place during each modern summer olympics - The first women’s fencing Olympic event took place in 1924. - The ancient Olympic game pankration is most similar to mixed martial arts. - Tug-of-war was an event at 5 olympics, last appearing in 1920. - The Olympic Games originated as a tribute to Zeus, the chief Greek god. - the Romans carried on the Greek tradition; but by the 4th century, the emperors of Rome had converted to Christianity. - in 393 CE, the Roman emperor Theodosius I discontinued the ancient Olympics because he believed the games to be pagan. - Gymnast Simone Biles withdrew from the 2020 Tokyo Games because she was experiencing a mental block called ‘the twisties’. - The militants responsible for the Munich 1972 Olympic Games massacre were affiliated with “Black September”. - Germany and Japan were not invited to the 1948 olympics. - Greek runner Spyridon Louis won the gold medal in the first modern Olympic marathon in Athens in 1896. - 776 BCE is the date of the 1st known olympics. - 1st recorded olympic champion – Coroebus of Elis - Won the sprint race - Basketball became an olympic event in 1936. - Pierre de coubertin medal first awarded in 1997. - Women’s track and field events added to the olympics in 1928. - Eddie Eagan - only athlete to win gold medals at both the summer and winter games - 1st olympic village built in Baldwin Hills, Los Angeles, California, USA. - LA 1932 olympic games. - Electronic timing devices used for the 1st time at the stockholm 1912 games. - Cathy freeman lit the 2000 olympic flame in sydney. - Abebe Bikila - 1st athlete to win two olympic marathons - Drug testing 1st introduced in the olympics in 1968. - Last pure gold medals awarded at the 1912 olympics. - The soviet union made its debut at the helsinki 1952 games. - Helsinki - capital of finland - Spyridon Louis won the gold medal for the 1st olympic marathon. - Standard distance : 26 miles 385 yards - Synchronised diving added to the olympic games in 2000. - Pankration became an olympic game in 648 BC. - China hosted the olympic games for the first time in 2008. - Eric rudolph - responsible for the 1996 atlanta olympic games bombing. - USA does not dip its flag at the olympics. - Starting from 1908 london games - The olympic village of Lake Placid 1980 winter games used to house juvenile offenders. - Paris 2024 medal contain metal from the Eiffel Tower. - IRON