ohm chapter 4.txt

ohm chapter 4 Affect Defined as a broad range of feelings that people experience. Can be experienced in the form of emotions or moods. Emotions Cause: Triggered by a specific event. Duration: Very brief (seconds or minutes). Nature: Specific and numerous (e.g., anger, fear, sadne...

ohm chapter 4 Affect Defined as a broad range of feelings that people experience. Can be experienced in the form of emotions or moods. Emotions Cause: Triggered by a specific event. Duration: Very brief (seconds or minutes). Nature: Specific and numerous (e.g., anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, surprise). Expression: Usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions. Orientation: Action-oriented. Moods Cause: Often general and unclear. Duration: Lasts longer than emotions (hours or days). Nature: More general; consists of two main dimensions: Positive affect and negative affect, which are composed of multiple specific emotions. Expression: Generally not indicated by distinct expressions. Orientation: Cognitive in nature. Emotions and Moods Six Universal Emotions: Anger Fear Sadness Happiness Disgust Surprise Positive and Negative Emotions (Survey): Positive Emotions: Well-rested, treated with respect, enjoyment, smiling, laughing, learning/doing something interesting. Negative Emotions: Anger, stress, sadness, physical pain, worry. Sources of Emotions and Moods Personality: Moods and emotions have a trait component. Affect Intensity: Refers to how strongly people experience their emotions. Time of Day: Common patterns in mood fluctuations. Individuals tend to be happier during the midpoint of their daily awake period. Day of the Week: People generally feel happier toward the end of the week. Weather: Illusory Correlation: Weather is believed to affect mood, but there is no actual effect. Stress: Even low levels of constant stress can negatively affect moods. Social Activities: Physical, informal, and dining activities can boost positive moods. Sleep: Poor sleep quality increases negative emotions. Exercise: Somewhat improves mood, particularly for individuals experiencing depression. Age: Older individuals focus more on positive stimuli compared to younger adults. Sex: Women tend to: Be more emotionally expressive. Feel emotions more intensely. Have longer-lasting moods. Express emotions more frequently than men. Emotional Labor Definition: The requirement for employees to express organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work. Felt Emotions: An individual's actual emotions. Displayed Emotions: Emotions that are considered appropriate in a given job as per organizational standards. Types of Emotional Labor: Surface Acting: Hiding one's true feelings and putting on a facade. Deep Acting: Attempting to modify inner feelings to align with display rules. Emotional Dissonance Definition: The inconsistencies between the emotions people genuinely feel and the emotions they project. Consequences: Long-term emotional dissonance can lead to job burnout, reduced job performance, and lower job satisfaction. Emotional Intelligence (EI) Definition: A person's ability to: Perceive emotions in oneself and others. Understand the meaning of these emotions. Regulate emotions in oneself and others. Emotion Regulation Definition: The process of identifying and modifying one's emotions. Effect of Diversity: Diverse workgroups may enhance conscious and effective emotion regulation. Emotion Regulation Techniques: Surface Acting: Masking true feelings. Deep Acting: Trying to align one's internal emotions with the desired emotional display. Emotional Suppression: Consciously inhibiting emotional expression. Cognitive Reappraisal: Changing the way one thinks about a situation to alter its emotional impact. Social Sharing: Sharing emotions with others to regulate feelings. Mindfulness: Practicing awareness and acceptance of present emotions