Occupational Safety and Environmental Safety for the Food Industry Lecture 1 PDF

Module Overview This module aims to provide the student with comprehension of Health and Safety in the manufacturing indust...

Module Overview This module aims to provide the student with comprehension of Health and Safety in the manufacturing industry, including the nature of hazards & their control, biosafety, Occupational Safety and risk assessment, waste management, with emphasis on legal requirements. Environmental Safety for the Food 5 ECTS Industry Module Breakdown 70% Final Exam – 2 hours – TBC January 2025 (In-person) 30% Continuous Assessment – MCQ – Saturday 9th November (Online) Jennifer Campbell Lectures 5x Evenings Lecture 1 1x Saturday Contact Details: [email protected] © Innopharma © Innopharma 2 Module Learning Outcomes Module Learning Outcomes LO 1: Discuss the role and responsibilities of employees, employers and LO 1: Discuss the role and responsibilities of employees, employers and regulatory agencies under national and international legal frameworks. regulatory agencies under national and international legal frameworks. LO 2: Explain the types of information contained in a safety statement & discuss LO 2: Explain the types of information contained in a safety statement & discuss the steps in its preparation. the steps in its preparation. LO 3: List the different types of hazards, there routes of exposure, personal LO 3: List the different types of hazards, there routes of exposure, personal protection equipment, along with describe the term safety data sheet and explain protection equipment, along with describe the term safety data sheet and explain the information it contains. the information it contains. LO 4: Discuss both the causes and categories of biohazards and contaminants, LO 4: Discuss both the causes and categories of biohazards and contaminants, the importance of cleaning, and review the different methods of sterilisation. the importance of cleaning, and review the different methods of sterilisation. LO 5: Explain the waste management hierarchy, along with discuss the role and LO 5: Explain the waste management hierarchy, along with discuss the role and function of regulatory agencies. function of regulatory agencies. LO 6: Describe how waste material is classified and explain the different LO 6: Describe how waste material is classified and explain the different methods of treating/disposing of gaseous, liquid and solid waste. methods of treating/disposing of gaseous, liquid and solid waste. © Innopharma © Innopharma  Lecture 1 Introduction to Occupational Safety and Legal Frameworks National and International Legal Frameworks Roles and Responsibilities of : Employees What do you think of when you hear Employers "Occupational Health and Safety" Regulatory Agencies – HSA Safety Statements and Emergency Planning HSA Accident and Incident reporting © Innopharma © Innopharma Introduction Legislation © Innopharma © Innopharma  Introduction Legislation in Ireland Environmental Protection H&S legislation in Ireland is Act 1992 lead by the EU o Aimed at safeguarding the environment EU Directives exist which are o Covers discharge to local binding on the Irish state. drains, rivers etc. o Empowers the Environmental Requirement: Protection Agency (EPA) o implemented by a defined date and the ratified by Irish law © Innopharma © Innopharma Legislation in Ireland Legislation in Ireland Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Biological Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Chemical Agents) Agents) Regulation 1994, Amended 1998 Regulations 2001 (Plus Code of Practice 2002) o Covers use of biological agents o Covers employer’s duties to prevent, avoid and control risks o Protects workers from risks associated with exposure to whilst working with chemicals biological agents in the workplace. o Includes awareness training & emergency procedures © Innopharma © Innopharma Legislation in Ireland Legislation in Ireland Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Signs) Regulation 1995 Safety, Health and Welfare o Use of signage in the workplace. at Work (Carcinogens) o Promoting safety and health in the workplace through effective Regulations 2001 signage. o Covers employer’s o Specific signs mandated to responsibility relating to convey information about: detailing risk assessments, o Hazards substitution of chemicals, and o Prohibitions health surveillance. o Mandatory actions o Emergency procedures o Other relevant safety information © Innopharma © Innopharma Legislation in Ireland Legislation in Ireland Waste Management Act 1996, Revised 2023 o Covers all aspects of waste management, including disposal of hazardous waste. Carriage of Dangerous o Designed to address the growing challenges of waste Goods by Road Act 1998, generation and disposal. amended 2006 o Aims at promoting o Covers all aspects of road o Waste prevention transport including loading o Recycling and unloading. o Proper disposal practices o Safe transport of hazardous materials in Ireland by road. © Innopharma © Innopharma Legislation in Ireland Legislation in Ireland European Communities Control of Noise at Work Regulation 2006 (Protection of Workers) o Covers all aspects of workplace noise control. (Exposure to Asbestos) o Protects workers from risks associated with exposure (Amendment) Regulations 2006 o Safeguarding workers from the health risks associated with exposure to asbestos © Innopharma © Innopharma Legislation in Ireland Legislation in Ireland European Communities (Control of Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 replaces Major Accident Hazards Involving Dangerous Substances) Regulation the 1989 Act 2006 o Significant piece of legislation in Ireland o Aimed at preventing and mitigating the impact of major accidents o Covers employer’s responsibility for the safety and well being of involving dangerous substances their workforce (safety statements, training, risk assessments o Requirements for operators of etc.) industrial establishments handling dangerous substances to ▪ assess and manage major accident risks ▪ develop safety reports ▪ establish emergency response plans ▪ notify competent authorities of any significant changes or incidents. © Innopharma © Innopharma  Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 replaces the 1989 Act Act 2005 replaces the 1989 Act o One of the most important pieces of legislation governing H&S in Employers Responsibility Ireland today. o Design, provide and maintain a safe workplace via safe o The prevention of workplace accidents, illnesses and dangerous access and egress (way out) occurrences o Provide safe plant/ machinery and safe systems of work. o Provides for significantly increased fines and penalties for those who don’t comply with H&S laws o Prevent risk from use of substance or from exposure to physical agents, noise and any form of radiation. o Applies to ALL places of work & sets specific duties of: o Provides: ▪ The employers ▪ Information ▪ The self employed ▪ Training ▪ Employees ▪ Supervision regarding H&S to employees in a form and language ▪ Designers that they are likely to understand. ▪ Manufacturers ▪ And those who design and construct places of work © Innopharma © Innopharma Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 replaces the 1989 Act Act 2005 replaces the 1989 Act Employers Responsibility Cont. Employers Responsibility cont. o Where hazards cannot be eliminated or fully controlled in the o If 3 or more individuals are employed, the employer must prepare workplace, employers must provide appropriate PPE w/out charge. and review a safety statement. o Appoint a competent person to advise on compliance with H&S law. A safety statement is a written document which specifies how health and o Prepare and revise plans and procedures to be followed in the safety is going to be managed within the business. event of an emergency. It is central to an organisations health and safety system. o Report accidents and dangerous occurrences to the HSA. o An employer with ≤3 employee’s can meet the safety statement requirements by adhering to a special code of practice developed by the HSA. © Innopharma © Innopharma  Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 replaces the 1989 Act Act 2005 replaces the 1989 Act Employees Responsibility – They must: Employees Responsibility cont. o Comply with relevant safety and health laws. o Must not be under the influence of an intoxicant in the o Co-operate with their employer/designated person wrt H&S at workplace work. ▪ May endanger their own or other peoples H&S o Participate in any health and safety training provided. ▪ A doctor may subject employees in particular circumstances o Make proper use of PPE/ safety equipment provided. or sectors to testing for intoxicants o Report any defects or work which might endanger H&S. o Employees have an avenue of appeal against any penalty. o Employees must not intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse any equipment/PPE. o They must not engage in any improper conduct that would compromise H&S. o Random alcohol and drugs testing (some pharma companies, and Gove Depts.), urine samples. © Innopharma © Innopharma Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 replaces the 1989 Act Act 2005 replaces the 1989 Act Other People with Duties under this Act: Other People with Duties under this Act: o The Safety Representative: o Designers, manufacturers and importers: ▪ Assess and participate in the company’s H&S mgt programme. ▪ Must ensure that what they design, manufacture or import is properly tested and safe ▪ This representative is given several rights and powers under the Safety Health and Welfare Act when elected: ▪ That adequate information is provided to ensure safe and proper Right to information from the employer in connection with the H&S of use. employees (e.g. results of RAs and company’s safety statement) ▪ Those who design or construct a place of work must appoint a Right to make representations to the employer on behalf of the competent person to ensure that construction is carried out safely employees wrt safety, health and welfare at work. and without risk to health. Right to accompany a safety inspector while carrying out an inspection of the workplace Right to make representations to the HSA and receive information or advice from an inspector Right to investigate complaints/accidents as long as it does not interfere with investigations being carried out by inspectors. © Innopharma © Innopharma  Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 replaces the 1989 Act Other People with Duties under this Act: Environmental Discharge to local drains, o The Safety Representative contd.: ▪ Can assist other company representatives in advising Protection Act 1992 rivers employees of their obligation to comply with their company’s H&S arrangements. ▪ They are entitled to time off work, without loss of renumeration Waste Management Employer and Employee to receive appropriate training Act 1996 H&S Responsibilities ▪ They are entitled not to be placed at any disadvantage in their employment for being a safety representative Safety, Health and Disposal of hazardous Welfare a Work Act waste 2005 © Innopharma © Innopharma Environmental Discharge to local drains, Protection Act 1992 rivers Safety Statements Waste Management Employer and Employee Act 1996 H&S Responsibilities Safety, Health and Disposal of hazardous Welfare a Work Act waste 2005 © Innopharma © Innopharma  Safety Statement Safety Statement Reminder A safety statement is a written document which specifies how health and safety is going to be managed within the business. It is central to an organisations health and safety system. Purpose - Designed to manage H&S of employees while they work © Innopharma © Innopharma Safety Statement A Safety Statement must… Every employer (include. self-employed) must develop and provide a safety statement. Specify how the employer intends to In drawing up a safety statement the employer must: organize and manage H&S on a daily basis. o identify the hazards in the workplace, o assess the magnitude of risk pose by these hazards (risk It must contain the names and job assessment), titles of the persons responsible for o devise, document and implement the control measures the performance of tasks assigned by (hierarchy of control measures) required to minimise the the safety statement. risks involved. These people must be competent and have the necessary means to assist them. © Innopharma © Innopharma  A Safety Statement must… A Safety Statement must… Provide information to Must allow for the election of safety representatives/ officers employees on the risks to their health Must specify the plans and procedures to be followed in the event of: o An emergency List the hierarchy of control o An accident measures to be taken to avoid the risks o Any serious risk Must provide training where The safety statement should be reviewed annually and updated as appropriate necessary in light of new legislation or other changes. It must specify the co-operation Must be made available to: required from employees as o All employees regards safety, health and o Any H&S bodies (e.g. during inspections) welfare. © Innopharma © Innopharma Safety Statement: Six Steps Safety Statement 1 Draw up a Health & Safety Policy 2 Identify Hazards 3 Assess Risks 4 Decide Precautions 5 Record Findings 6 Review and Update © Innopharma © Innopharma Safety Statement: Six Steps 1. Health and Safety Policy Requirement and should form part of the Safety Statement. As a minimum, the policy should contain a commitment that H&S legislation will be complied with. Draw up a Health & Safety Policy Should specify those responsible for implementing the policy at all levels in the organisation. 1 Define their H & S responsibilities. The content of the health and safety policy should be based on the hazards and risks present in the workplace © Innopharma © Innopharma Company X Safety Statement: Six Steps Draw up a Health & Safety Policy SAMPLE 1 Identify Hazards 2 © Innopharma 44 © Innopharma  2. Identification of Hazards 2. Identification of Hazards Typical Workplace Hazards Hazard identification involves walking around the workplace and observing what could reasonably be expected to cause harm © Innopharma © Innopharma Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Hazardous Chemicals Industrial Gases Cleaning Agents © Innopharma © Innopharma  Biological Hazards Human Factor Hazardous biological agents Needlestick/ sharps hazards Latex/ glove powder allergies Food Poisoning © Innopharma © Innopharma Safety Statement: Six Steps 3. Assess the Risk It is an employer’s duty to carry out the risk assessment. Draw up a Health & Safety Policy 1 A careful evaluation of what could cause harm o so that you can decide whether or not you have taken enough precautions or Identify Hazards o whether you need to do more to 2 prevent harm. The law does not expect the employer to eliminate all risks but to protect ‘so far as is reasonably practicable’. Assess Risks Where in-house expertise is not 3 available, an external competent person must be engaged to help do the risk assessment. © Innopharma © Innopharma  A typical risk assessment involves… Risk Assessment All new and amended equipment, procedures and processes also need to be assessed There may also be: o H&S regulations o Industry standards o Codes of practice or guidelines dealing with a specific hazard Records of accidents and ill health should also be used to help assess the risks and to decide if existing precautions are adequate © Innopharma © Innopharma Safety Statement: Six Steps 4. Decide on Precautions The risk assessment should tell you whether you could Draw up a Health & Safety Policy get rid of the hazard. 1 If not…. Identify Hazards o What safety precautions are required to control the 2 risks posed by the hazard. Assess Risks Where possible safety measures identified in the risk 3 assessment process must be put in place immediately. Decide Precautions 4 © Innopharma © Innopharma  4. Decide on Precautions Hierarchy of Controls Controlling the risk means… o You do all that is reasonable to ensure the hazard will not injure anyone. o You are required to do all that is reasonably practicable to minimize the risk of injury. The Objective: To eliminate where possible or reduce the risk using the hierarchy of control measures. © Innopharma © Innopharma Safety Statement: Six Steps 5. Record Findings Having carried out the risk assessment process… Draw up a Health & Safety Policy 1 o Decide the precautions required it is now possible to write the safety statement Identify Hazards 2 o The safety statement now records the significant findings of the risk assessment Assess Risks o It records the most significant hazards and control 3 measures Decide Precautions Safety statement may refer to other documents: 4 o Quality manuals o Operating instructions Record Findings 5 o Safety data sheets o Permits etc. © Innopharma © Innopharma Safety Statement: Six Steps 6. Review and up-date Check that your safety measures are working effectively 1 Draw up a Health & Safety Policy After any significant change… then add to the assessment to take account of the new hazard 2 Identify Hazards Good practice: Review your assessment from time to time 3 Assess Risks Keep the written document for HSA inspector questions, or civil liability case 4 Decide Precautions It should be brought to the attention of the employees at least annually or where there is a significant change made to the 5 Record Findings safety statement 6 Review and Update © Innopharma © Innopharma Permits to Carry Out Specific Work The risk assessment may identify that a formal permit is required to safeguard workers working in potentially dangerous situations. Permits The permit informs workers of: o the dangers associated with the job and o the controls necessary to prevent any dangerous occurrence taking place while they work. It is: o a systematic way the work is to be done, o the hazards involved and o the precautions to be taken. Personnel must be given the necessary training required to carry out their tasks safely. © Innopharma © Innopharma  Types of Permits Types of Permits 1. Hot Work Permits 3. Electrical Permits A likelihood that fire or explosion Required in any area where electricity is being used, so protects against could result from contact with naked electric shock flames, speak, heat or even friction 4. Entry to confined space permit Allows entry permit for personnel to enter a confined space. 2. Radiation Permits Confined spaces present special hazards to workers: o Risk of toxic gas accumulation Used where there is an ionizing or o Oxygen deficiency non-ionizing source of radiation o Fires, falls, flooding o Entrapment © Innopharma © Innopharma Introduction Every employer must prepare an emergency plan and they must be documented in safety statement Emergency Planning The plan will depend on: o Types of materials being used and stored o The quantities concerned It must cover: o Full range of possible emergencies o Consequences o Measures to minimise the effects on people and the environment © Innopharma © Innopharma  An emergency plan should include… 7-Step Plan for Creating an Evacuation Plan 1 Imagine various scenarios 1. Analysis of probably events such as fire and explosion, gas emissions, chemical spills, process faults, natural and other disasters. 2 Establish roles and responsibilities 2. Incident containment procedures 3. Evacuation plans 4. Necessary contacts – emergency services, first aid, medical care, fire, etc. 3 Create a communication plan 4 Plan and map routes 5. Warning systems must be easily identified 6. Employees must be informed of risks and precautions taken to prevent 5 Know your tools and inspect them these risks 7. Communication of emergency to employees 8. There must be provision made for frequent drills within the site to ensure 6 Rehearse fire evacuation emergency preparedness 9. All employees must know the procedures involved in emergency response 7 Follow up and reporting © Innopharma © Innopharma © Innopharma © Innopharma  Health and Safety Authority (HSA) © Innopharma © Innopharma Health and Safety Authority Health and Safety Authority National regulatory authority in The HSA acts to prevent accidents and injury to health at work Ireland by providing the following services to employers, employees and the general public: Responsible for occupational safety and health at work 1. Provides advice and information on H&S It operates under the Safety, 2. Publishes information, guidance and codes of practice Health and Welfare Act 2005 Reports to the Minister for Jobs, 3. Conducts and funds research on H&S at work Enterprise and Innovation 4. Develops new legislation and standards on H&S It monitors compliance with legislation and can take enforcement action © Innopharma Home - Health and Safety Authority (hsa.ie) © Innopharma  Health and Safety Authority: Responsibilities Health and Safety Authority: Responsibilities Can enter and inspect places of work Can serve: Can copy any documentation and take samples or perform tests to Improvement Notice: Gives a period of time for the ensure compliance with H&S matter to be rectified legislation Investigates serious/fatal accidents, Prohibition Notice: Requires immediate cessation of causes of ill health and complaints the activity Take enforcement action: Can apply to the high court for an order prohibiting or restricting the Requires the submission of an use of a place of work improvement plan setting out the proposed CAs for dealing with the The HSA can compile and publish a list of names and addresses of risk within a month those that breach H&S laws © Innopharma © Innopharma Notification of Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences HSA publishes its 2023 Annual Report highlighting key achievements and © Innopharma 81 © Innopharma outcomes across its broad and varied mandate - Health and Safety Authority  Notification of Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences Notification of Accidents and Dangerous occurrences The Health and Safety Authority (HSA) must be notified about: The Health and Safety Authority (HSA) must be notified about A work accident causing the death of any employed person. certain dangerous occurrences, whether or not there is injury: A work accident that prevents an employed person from working for Any dangerous occurrence involving lifting machinery, pressure more than three days. vessels or electric short-circuit. An accident caused by a work activity, which causes death. Explosion or fire. Or injury that requires medical treatment to a person not at work: e.g. Escape of one tonne or more of flammable substances. a passer-by. Collapse of scaffolding, building or structure. Unintentional ignition or explosion of explosives. Failure of a freight container or an accident occurring from the transporting of dangerous substances by road. Failure of breathing apparatus. An incident involving overhead lines carrying 200 volts or more. Collapse of a building involving more than 5 tonnes of material or any wall or floor in a place of work. © Innopharma © Innopharma Accident and Dangerous Occurrence Reporting - Health and Safety Authority (hsa.ie) Conclusions All employers, employees and specified others are required to comply with H&S legislation to protect the welfare of employees The legislation aims to: Identify workplace hazards Assess the risks posed by these hazards Put measures in place to control the risk Document the results of the risk assessments in the company Safety Statement © Innopharma © Innopharma