Objectivity of Moral Judgments PDF

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OBJECTIVITY OF MORAL JUDGMENTS Anna Marie T. Del Rosario October 2024  Objectivity of Moral Judgment What is Moral Judgment?....

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OBJECTIVITY OF MORAL JUDGMENTS Anna Marie T. Del Rosario October 2024  Objectivity of Moral Judgment What is Moral Judgment?. Moral Judgment is the evaluation of a certain behavior as good or bad, or right or wrong. 2  Objectivity of Moral Judgment In what sense are moral judgments objective?. It is usually agreed that Opinions must be the validity of the moral discovered by some judgments of any more objective individual is independent standard. of his own feelings 3  Objectivity of Moral Judgment But what determines the standard? Is it simply the moral consciousness of the society in which he lives? Moral judgments are OBJECTIVE so far as an individual is concerned; but they are NOT OBJECTIVE when the attempt is made to compare to moral judgments of one age and clime with those of another. 4  Objectivity of Moral Judgment In what sense are moral judgments objective?. 5  Objectivity of Moral Judgment Moral philosophy is forced to choose between TWO alternatives. Either there are or it is objective moral subjective standard 6  Objectivity of Moral Judgment In what sense are moral judgments objective?. 7  Objectivity of Moral Judgment In what sense are moral judgments objective?. 8  Objectivity of Moral Judgment Moral judgements depend on the moral consciousness: Valid in a particular period or social group. Valid for all time of humanity from one generation to the next. 9  Objectivity of Moral Judgment HENRY SIDGWICK - Philosopher - ethical theory based on Utilitarianism - a fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge - interested in psychical phenomena - followed the Utilitarianism of John Stuart Mill - adopted the ethical principle known as the categorial imperative from Immanuel Kant Henry Sidgwick (May 31, 1838-August 29, 1900) http://trinitycollegechapel.com/about/memorials/brasses/sidgwick/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Sidgwick 10  Objectivity of Moral Judgment HENRY SIDGWICK - his work The Methods of Ethics meant that the rational process of arriving at a means of making ethical decisions was summarized by his three approaches: EGOISM, UTILITARIANISM AND INTUITIONISM. EGOISM – refers to the theory that justifies an action in terms of the happiness it produces in the agent of the act. UTILITARIANISM – seeks to contribute to the happiness of all persons affected by the act. INTUITIONISM – indicates that ends other than happiness might be acceptable and those that promote Henry Sidgwick (May 31, 1838-August 29, 1900) happiness might be suitable to an end. http://trinitycollegechapel.com/about/memorials/brasses/sidgwick/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Sidgwick 11  Objectivity of Moral Judgment Henry Sidgwick’s Utilitarianism Utilitarianism - an action is RIGHT if it tends to promote HAPPINESS or PLEASURE - an action is WRONG if it tends to produce UNHAPPINESS or PAIN NOT JUST FOR THE AGENT OR THE PERFORMER OF THE ACTION BUT ALSO FOR EVERYONE ELSE AFFECTED BY IT. IT IS POSSIBLE FOR THE RIGHT THING TO BE DONE Henry Sidgwick (May 31, 1838-August 29, 1900) FROM A BAD MOTIVE. http://trinitycollegechapel.com/about/memorials/brasses/sidgwick/ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Sidgwick 12  Objectivity of Moral Judgment There are moral intuitions of good, right and better. Animals Infants Children Do not have Do not have Gradually intuitions intuitions acquire intuitions 13  Objectivity of Moral Judgment There are moral intuitions of good, right and better. All adult men have intuitions. KUTOB (in Tagalog) No intelligent person can deny their truth 10/10/2024 14  Objectivity of Moral Judgment Henry Sidgwick thought that he discover three axioms (accepted truth) of the good Is the ability to be cautious in making decisions. More good should be DESIRED in Is the desire to do Is the ethical and philosophical good to others; an preference to less idea that people deserve to be good. treated fairly, properly and act of kindness. reasonably by the law. 15  Objectivity of Moral Judgment Is the ethical and philosophical idea that people deserve to be treated fairly, properly and reasonably by the law. 16 Objectivity of Moral Judgment 17  Objectivity of Moral Judgment Is the ability to be cautious in making decisions. kahinahunan; pagtitimpi 18 Objectivity of Moral Judgment 19  Objectivity of Moral Judgment Is the desire to do good to others; an act of kindness kawanggawa; kabutihang loob 20 Objectivity of Moral Judgment 21  Objectivity of Moral Judgment Are there intrinsic (inborn/innate) types of good that are self- evident and axiomatic (accepted)? In a sense the goodness of these values is self-evident, disinterested, and intrinsic. LOVE BEAUTY FRIENDSHIP It follows that while there are various notions like "good," "bad," "ought," "love," "friendship," and "beauty" that have intrinsic moral value, it is impossible to deduce (infer) from them, a priori, moral judgments that would hold universally because moral judgments can be derived from EXPERIENCE. 22  Objectivity of Moral Judgment In conclusion, then, ethics has an objective basis in two general ways: 1 Line of ethical development that proceeds from age to age. ETHICAL Focuses on the emergence, DEVELOPMENT change, and understanding of morality from early childhood (Period to Period) through adulthood. Morality is cultivated over a lifetime. 2 Comparatively permanent NATIVE native inheritance of mankind (INSTINCTS). INSTINCTS Relatively enduring type of (Social Organization) social organization (CITIZENSHIP). 23  Objectivity of Moral Judgment Reference: Wright, W. K. 1927. ‘The objectivity of moral judgment’ in International journal of ethics, 37(2): 147-158. 24