Objective-Biology-for-NEET-Vol-I-Pearson-Education-2019.pdf

O bjective Biology for NEET-Volume I is a part of a two-volume set, which is developed specially to cater to the requirements of medical aspirants. Written in a comprehensible manner, the book is a huge repository of diligently chosen practice questions and previous years’ questions. Significant attention has been paid to the recent trends in topical coverage and the latest question paper pattern as appeared in the NEET examination while designing the book. This is a must have resource for NEET and other similar medical entrance examinations. Objective BIOLOGY for NEET Highlights  Constructed as per the latest class XI and XII NCERT curriculum  Chapter-wise NCERT Exemplar questions  Plethora of practice questions to check understanding Objective  ‘Assertion and reason’ type questions for AIIMS and other similar examinations  Previous Years’ Questions incorporated in every chapter  Mock Tests and Sample Papers at the end of the book for self-evaluation AL ELIGIBILITY BIOLOGY IO N NAT CUM The EN TR COMPLETE AN CE SERIES TE ST for HIGHLIGHTS NEET Structured as per NCERT curriculum Cover image: xsense.shutterstock.com ‘Assertion and Reason’ type questions for exclusive AIIMS preparation Vol 2500+ MCQs included I chapter-wise Vol in.pearson.com I VIJAY Online resources available at www.pearsoned.co.in/neet/rajivvijay RAJIV VIJAY Size: 172x235mm Spine: 18mm ISBN: 9789353062248 Title Sub Title Edition Authors / Editors Name With CD Red Band Territory line URL Price mQuest About Pearson Pearson is the world’s learning company, with presence across 70 countries worldwide. Our unique insights and world-class expertise comes from a long history of working closely with renowned teachers, authors and thought leaders, as a result of which, we have emerged as the preferred choice for millions of teachers and learners across the world. We believe learning opens up opportunities, creates fulfilling careers and hence better lives. We hence collaborate with the best of minds to deliver you class-leading products, spread across the Higher Education and K12 spectrum. Superior learning experience and improved outcomes are at the heart of everything we do. This product is the result of one such effort. Your feedback plays a critical role in the evolution of our products and you can contact us - [email protected]. We look forward to it. This page is intentionally left blank. OBJECTIVE BIOLOGY for NEET (National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test) and Other Medical Entrance Examinations Volume 1 Third Edition Dr Rajiv Vijay, MBBS Government Medical College, Kota Copyright © 2019 Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd Published by Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd, CIN: U72200TN2005PTC057128. No part of this eBook may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the publisher’s prior written consent. This eBook may or may not include all assets that were part of the print version. The publisher reserves the right to remove any material in this eBook at any time. ISBN 978-93-530-6224-8 eISBN 9789353066048 First Impression Head Office: 15th Floor, Tower-B, World Trade Tower, Plot No. 1, Block-C, Sector 16, Noida 201 301, Uttar Pradesh, India. Registered Office: 4th Floor, Software Block, Elnet Software City, TS 140, Block 2 & 9, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, Tamil Nadu, India. Fax: 080-30461003, Phone: 080-30461060 www.pearson.co.in, Email id: [email protected] Contents Prefacevii Acknowledgmentsviii About the Author viii Trend Analysis of NEET Biology From 2010–2018 ix Volume 1 Unit I Diversity in the Living World 1. Living World 1.3–1.16 2. Biological Classification 2.1–2.22 3. Plant Kingdom 3.1–3.30 4. Animal Classification 4.1–4.32 Unit II tructural Organization in Plants S and Animals 5. Plant Morphology 5.3–5.26 6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants 6.1–6.24 7. Structural Organization in Animals 7.1–7.18 Unit III Cell: Structures and Functions 8. Cell: The Unit of Life 8.3–8.30 9. Biomolecules 9.1–9.26 10. Cell Cycle and Cell Division 10.1–10.20 Unit IV Plant Physiology 11. Transport in Plants 11.3–11.24 12. Mineral Nutrition 12.1–12.18 13. Photosynthesis in Higher Plants 13.1–13.22 14. Respiration in Plants 14.1–14.14 15. Plant Growth and Development 15.1–15.22 Unit V Human Physiology 16. Digestion and Absorption 16.3–16.22 17. Breathing and Exchange of Gases 17.1–17.22 viContents 18. Body Fluids and Circulation 18.1–18.26 19. Excretory Products and Their Elimination 19.1–19.28 20. Locomotion and Movement 20.1–20.22 21. Neural Control and Co-ordination 21.1–21.22 22. Chemical Co-ordination and Integration 22.1–22.22 Volume 2 Unit I Reproduction 1. Reproduction in Organisms 1.3–1.24 2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plant 2.1–2.38 3. Human Reproduction 3.1–3.34 4. Reproductive Health 4.1–4.16 Unit II Genetics and Evolution 5. Principles of Inheritance and Variation 5.3–5.42 6. Molecular Basis of Inheritance 6.1–6.32 7. Evolution 7.1–7.32 Unit III Biology in Human Welfare 8. Human Health and Disease 8.3–8.34 9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production 9.1–9.18 10. Microbes in Human Welfare 10.1–10.22 Unit IV Biotechnology 11. Biotechnology Principles and Processes 11.3–11.24 12. Biotechnology and Its Application 12.1–12.18 Unit V Ecology 13. Organisms and Populations 13.3–13.30 14. Ecosystem 14.1–14.22 15. Biodiversity and Conservation 15.1–15.18 16. Environmental Issues 16.1–16.20 Mock Test 1 M1.1–M1.6 Mock Test 2 M2.1–M2.10 Mock Test 3 M3.1–M3.8 Sample Paper -I S1.1–S1.8 Sample Paper -II S2.1–S2.8 Sample Paper -III S3.1–S3.8 Preface Objective Biology for NEET and other Medical Entrance Examinations is a comprehensive practice material for students aspiring to get admission into prestigious medical colleges. The contents of this book have been carefully drafted to help students master the latest trends in questions from across key medical entrance examinations. This book can also be used as a resource to prepare for class XI and XII board examinations—based on NCERT. Highlights of the book: Structured as per class XI and XII syllabus of NCERT. Content designed to help maximise scores. Assertion and Reason questions to aid in preparing for AIIMS and similar exams. Previous years question embedded in every chapter. Includes latest NEET solved paper for practice. Mock tests and sample papers for student’s self-practice. Students Note: As an experienced teacher, I would suggest that before starting any chapter of this book, a student should meticulously scan the theory and diagrams of the NCERT Textbook and complete minimum three rounds of reading of its chapters. In my opinion, the book will prove to be an asset and will serve to fulfill the requirement of the medical aspirants. Rajiv Vijay Acknowledgments This book is a result of the enormous effort and support given by my team members who were always there to support me. I believe that the blessings of my parents (Late Gopallal Vijay and Late Suryakanta Vijay) and my grandparents have always played a prime role in making me more focused and determined towards my goal. My wife Shubha Vijay, brother Jeetu Vijay and all other family members inspired me throughout the preparation of this book. My sincere thanks to the team of Pearson Education for providing me the platform to serve students and I appreciate their efforts in bringing out this book in such an excellent manner. Careful attempts have been made in making the book error free; however, corrections, s uggestions, queries, and criticism will be highly appreciated and are welcome. Once again special thanks to my wife Shubha Vijay for always being there with me and helping me in ensuring high quality throughout the book. Rajiv Vijay About the Author Dr Rajiv Vijay has completed his schooling from JNV HURDA, Bhilwara, Rajasthan and qualified for MBBS through PMT in 1997. After completing MBBS in 2003 from Government Medical College, Kota, he established his Medical and Engineering Entrance Coaching Institute in Vadodara (Gujarat) which is today known as RJ VISION Pvt. Ltd. In his career of 16 years, he has taught a lot of students and most of them are extremely successful in various reputed pre-medical entrance examinations. In 2011, he was selected as the head of the pre-medical division of Resonance, Kota. As the head of pre-medical division and HOD of biology he nurtured, developed, installed and supervised the pre-medical division at Kota and all centers across India. Many of his students have secured excellent ranks in different types of medical entrance examinations in India and have enrolled in prestigious medical colleges like AIIMS, SMS Jaipur, KEM Mumbai, AFMC Pune and JIPMER Puducherry, etc. The author also mentors his students through free video lectures in his youtube page, www.youtube.com/c/drrajiv_vijay. Trend Analysis 2007–2018 Ch. Number of Question(s) in Chapter Name No 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 1 The Living World 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 Biological Classification 3 8 4 1 6 2 5 4 3 Plant Kingdom 3 1 3 4 4 4 2 3 4 Animal Kingdom 4 3 1 4 4 3 3 3 5 Morphology of Flowering Plants 3 4 4 2 5 5 5 4 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants 3 4 5 3 2 4 1 2 Structural Organisations in 7 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 2 Animals 8 Cell: The Unit of Life 4 4 5 3 4 4 5 4 9 Biomolecules 1 2 3 4 2 1 3 4 10 Cell Cycle and Cell Division 2 1 2 2 3 2 3 2 11 Transport in Plants 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 12 Mineral Nutrition 3 4 3 1 1 2 1 2 13 Photosynthesis 3 2 2 1 1 2 3 2 14 Respiration in Plants 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 15 Plant Growth and Development 2 0 0 2 4 2 1 2 16 Digestion and Absorption 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 Breathing and Exchange of 17 2 0 1 2 1 2 2 2 Gases 18 Body Fluids and Circulation 3 5 0 1 2 3 1 2 Excretory Products and their 19 3 5 1 1 1 2 1 3 Elimination 20 Locomotion and Movement 0 0 1 3 1 2 1 3 Neural Control and 21 1 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 Coordination Chemical Coordination and 22 4 2 3 3 2 1 3 2 Regulation 23 Reproduction in Organisms 0 1 1 3 0 0 1 2 Sexual Reproduction in 24 4 5 3 6 3 4 5 3 Flowering Plants x Trend Analysis 2007–2018 Ch. Number of Question(s) in Chapter Name No 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 25 Human Reproduction 13 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 26 Reproductive Health 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 3 Principles of Inheritance and 27 5 4 2 4 4 3 7 4 Variations 28 Molecular Basis of Inheritance 4 1 4 2 4 6 3 5 29 Evolution 1 1 4 4 2 1 3 2 30 Human Health and Disease 3 5 6 2 2 6 4 2 Strategies for Enhancement in 31 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 Food Production 32 Microbes in Human Welfare 3 2 7 2 1 0 1 0 Biotechnology: Principles and 33 5 2 5 2 3 0 3 1 processes Biotechnology and its 34 3 3 1 1 2 3 2 4 Applications 35 Organisms and Environment 2 4 0 2 4 2 3 1 36 Ecosystem 2 2 6 3 1 6 2 3 Biodiversity and its 37 1 3 2 1 4 2 2 1 Conservation 38 Environmental Issues 4 4 3 3 2 3 3 4 Total Questions 100 100 100 90 90 90 90 90 Unit I Diversity in The Living World Chapter 1: Living World Chapter 2: Biological Classification Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom Chapter 4: Animal Classification Students Note Unit I is one of the most important units from the examples point of view. As this unit contains animal and plant classifications which require some extra input, so prepare these two chapters in some more detail. Do not deviate so much from textbook. By solving questions you can learn all the examples. Also nowadays, a question may be asked from Chapter 1, i.e. ‘Living World’. Since all diagrams are important, you need to analyze each diagram because questions can be asked in any format. Unit I contributes 8–10 questions in AIPMT. Employ the process of mnemonic to increase the efficiency of memory. To elaborate, for examples coming under Echinodermates given in textbook, you can employ the following: [A, B, C, D, E: A for Asterias (star fish) B for Brittle star (ohpiura) C for Cucumaria (sea cucumber) D for anteDon(sea lily) and E for Echinus (sea urchin)]. This page is intentionally left blank. CHAPTER 1 Living World prACtiCe Questions Diversity in the Living World 1. Who is known as ‘the Darwin of the 20th century’? (a) Lamarck (b) Ernst Mayr (c) Carolus Linneaus (d) Robert May 2. The number of known and described species that are in the range of, (approximately) (a) 1.3 to 1.4 million (b) 1.4 to 1.5 million (c) 1.7 to 1.8 million (d) 1.9 to 2.2 million 3. Twin characteristics of growth are (a) Increase in mass (b) Increase in number (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Increase in length and volume 4. Growth in living organism (a) Is from outside (b) Is from inside (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Does not take place 5. Which of the following does not grow? (a) Amoeba (b) Yeast (c) Dead body (d) Planaria 6. Growth cannot be taken as a defining property of living organisms because (a) All living organism do not show growth. (b) Non-living things also grow from inside. (c) Non-living things also grow. (d) Some living organism does not exhibit the process of reproduction. 7. Select the total number from the following organism that multiply by budding. Hydra, Sponges, yeast, earthworm, Planaria, honey bee (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 8. For which organism, the growth is synonymous with reproduction? (a) Unicellular algae (b) Amoeba (c) Bacteria (d) All of these 9. Which of the following multiply through fragmentation? (a) Fungi (b) Filamentous algae (c) Planaria (d) All of these 10. Mark the correct statement. (a) The growth in living organisms is from inside. (b) Plants grow only up to a certain age. (c) Only living organisms grow. (d) All of these 1.4 Living World 11. The growth and reproduction are mutually exclusive events in (a) Plants only (b) Animals only (c) Higher animal and plants (d) Primitive organisms 12. Reproduction cannot be an all-inclusive defining characteristic of living organisms because (a) All living organism do not show growth. (b) Many organism do not reproduce. (c) Non-living things show reproduction. (d) All living organism show small period of reproductive phase in their life. 13. Living organism shows (a) Self-replication (b) Evolution (c) Self-regulation and response to external stimuli (d) All of these 14. The sum total of chemical reactions occurring in our body is called (a) Metabolism (b) Homeostasis (c) Catabolism (d) Anabolism 15. Select the incorrect statement from the following. (A) NBRI is situated at Lucknow. (B) Plant families like Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae are included in the order polymoniales mainly based on the floral characters. (C) All living organisms such as from present, past and future are linked to one another by the sharing of the common genetic material but to varying degree. (D) The order Solanum, Datura and Petunia are placed in family Solanaceae. (a) (A) only (b) (B) and (D) only (c) (D) only (d) (B) and (C) only 16. Which of the following statement is incorrect? (a) All plants, animals, fungi and microbes exhibit metabolism. (b) Interactions among the molecular components of the organelles result into the properties of cell organelles. (c) Properties of cellular organelles are present in the molecular constituents of the organelles. (d) Celluar organization of the body is the defining feature of life forms. 17. Properties of organs are (a) Present in the constituent cells (b) Due to different cells in them (c) Due to their similar origin (d) A result of interactions among the constituent tissues 18. Which two points are known as the twin characteristics of growth? (1) Increase in mass (2) Metabolism (3) Increase in the number of individuals (4) Sense of environment (a) (1) and (2) (b) (1) and (4) (c) (2) and (3) (d) (1) and (3) 19. Growth by cell division occurs _____________ in plants and _____________ in animals (a) Continuously, only up to a certain age (b) Only up to a certain age, continuously (c) Continuously, never (d) Continuously, continuously Living World1.5 20. Which of the following match is incorrect? Common name Genus Order Class (a) Man Homo Primata Mammalia (b) Mango Mangifera Sapindales Dicotyledonae (c) Housefly Musca Coelopetra Insecta (d) Wheat Tritium Poales Monocotyledonae 21. Which set of organisms multiply through fragmentation? (a) Planaria, hydra, yeast (b) Echinoderms, fungi, bacteria (c) Fungi, filamentous algae, protonema of mosses (d) Amoeba, hydra, virus 22. Which of the following organism does not reproduce? (a) Mules (b) Sterile worker bees (c) Sterile human couple (d) All of these 23. Which one of the following aspects is an exclusive characteristic of living things? (a) Isolated metabolic reactions occur in vitro. (b) Increase in mass from inside only. (c) Perception of events happening in the environment and their memory. (d) Increase in mass by accumulation of material both on surface as well as internally. 24. Which of the following is self-conscious? (a) Human being (b) Tiger (c) Lion (d) Frog 25. Metabolic reactions take place (a) In vitro (b) In vivo (c) both (a) and (b) (d) only in unicellular organisms 26. Organisms that can sense and respond to environmental cues (a) Eukaryotes only (b) Prokaryotes only (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Those with a well-developed neuroendocrine system 27. Growth, development and functioning of living body is due to (a) Decrease in entropy (b) Increase in Gibbs-free energy (c) Metabolism (d) Adaptations 28. A living organism can be exceptionally differentiated from a non-living thing on the basis of its ability for (a) Reproduction and Excretion (b) Growth and Movement (c) Responsiveness to touch and temperature (d) Interaction with environment and progressive evolution 29. Two components of binomial nomenclature are (a) Generic name (b) Specific epithet (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Subspecies 1.6 Living World 30. In Mangifera indica Linn, Linn stands for (a) Latin (b) Lower organism (c) Linnaeus (d) Lamarck 31. Alsatian is a breed of (a) Dog (b) Cat (c) Cow (d) Horse 32. Modern taxonomy studies require (a) Knowledge of external and internal structure. (b) Knowledge of structure of cell. (c) Knowledge development process and ecological information of organisms. (d) All of these 33. Which of the following term include all other terms? (a) Classification (b) Nomenclature (c) Taxonomy (d) Systematics 34. Linnaeus evolved a system of nomenclature called (a) Trinomial (b) Vernacular (c) Binomial (d) Polynomial 35. Binomial nomenclature seems to be difficult because a scientific name is derived from (a) Hindi (b) Sanskrit (c) Latin (d) Arabic 36. A group of plants or animals with similar traits of any rank is (a) Species (b) Order (c) Genus (d) Taxon 37. Binomial nomenclature means (a) Two names in which one is given by zoologist and other by botanist. (b) One scientific name consisting of a generic name and a specific epithet. (c) Two names in which one is latinized and other is french. (d) Two names in which one is scientific and other is local. Taxonomy 38. Basic unit of taxonomic hierarchy is (a) Species (b) Kingdom (c) Class (d) Phylum 39. Botanical name of mango is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Panthera leo 40. Botanical name of potato is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Panthera leo 41. Zoological name of lion is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Panthera leo 42. The branch connected with characterization, nomenclature, identification and classification is (a) Ecology (b) Taxonomy (c) Morphology (d) Eugenics 43. The third name in trinomial nomenclature is (a) Species (b) Subgenus (c) Subspecies (d) Holotype Living World1.7 44. In binomial nomenclature (a) Both genus and species are printed in italics. (b) Genus and species may be of same name. (c) Both the initial letters in genus and species is capital. (d) Genus is written after the species. 45. As we go from higher species to kingdom, the number of common characterstic goes on _______. (a) Increasing (b) Decreasing (c) Remains same (d) None of these 46. The binomial nomenclature was given by (a) Lamarck (b) Ernst Mayr (c) Carolus Linnaeus (d) Darwin 47. The term ‘taxon’ is used for (a) The ranks of species and genus (b) The ranks up to phylum (c) The species epithet only (d) Any rank of taxonomic hierarchy 48. The taxonomic aid that provides information for the identification of names of species found in an area is (a) Monograph (b) Manual (c) Catalogue (d) Periodical 49. The Indian Botanical Garden is located in (a) Howrah (b) Lucknow (c) Mumbai (d) Mysore 50. The famous botanical garden ‘Kew’ is located in (a) England (b) Lucknow (c) America (d) Australia 51. Identify the correct sequence of taxonomic categories. (a) Species–order–kingdom–phylum (b) Species–family–genus–class (c) Genus–species–order–phylum (d) Species–genus–order-phylum 52. Which biological name is wrongly written? (a) Apis indica (b) Triticum aestivum (c) Felis domesticus (d) Mangifera Indica 53. The descending arrangement of categories is called (a) Classification (b) Taxonomy (c) Hierarchy (d) Key 54. Petunia is a (a) Variety (b) Subspecies (c) Species (d) Genus 55. Which one of the following is not a category? (a) Species (b) Class (c) Phylum (d) Convolvulaceae 56. In the hierarchy of classification, the order is present between (a) Family and genus (b) Phylum and kingdom (c) Family and class (d) Family and species 57. Select the incorrect statement from the following. (a) Each statement in key is called lead. (b) Taxonomic keys are tools that helps in identification based on characterstics. (c) ICZN stands for International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. (d) Ernst Mayr used the system a Nature as the title of his publication. 1.8 Living World 58. The place where we store dry plants for information purpose is called (a) Key (b) Museum (c) Monograph (d) Herbarium 59. Which is not a part of taxonomic hierarchy? (a) Genus and species (b) Order and class (c) Kingdom and class (d) Catalogue and herbarium 60. Find out the incorrect statement from the following: (a) Closely related species differ in morphological features. (b) Genus comprises a group of related species. (c) Taxonomic studies are useful in agricultural, forestry and industries. (d) Notochord and ventral hollow neural system are common features of phylum chordata. 61. ICBN stands for (a) International Code for Biosphere Nomenclature (b) International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (c) International Class for Biological Nobel leurette (d) International Committe for Biological Naming 62. Zoological name of tiger is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Panthera tigris 63. Zoological name of leopard is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Panthera pardus 64. Zoological name of house fly is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Musca domestica 65. Zoological name of man is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Homo sapiens 66. Botanical name of wheat is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Triticum aestivum 67. Zoological name of cat is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Felis domesticus 68. Botanical name of makoi is (a) Mangifera indica (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Solanum melongena (d) Solanum nigrum 69. Potato and brinjal belongs to the genus (a) Mangifera (b) Solanum (c) Allium (d) Brassica 70. Genera Petunia and Datura belongs to the family (a) Solanaceae (b) Fabaceae (c) Liliaceae (d) any of the above Living World1.9 71. Select the total number of family from the following: Felis, Felidae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae, Canidae, Hominidae, Poaceae, Muscidae, Insecta, Convolvulaceae (a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8 72. Family Solanaceae and Convolvulaceae belongs to the order (a) Poales (b) Polymoniales (c) Diptera (d) Dicot 73. Common features of Chordata are (a) The presence of notochord in any stage of life (b) Dorsal hollow neural system (c) Paired pharyngeal gill slits (d) All of these 74. Which of the following is a common feature of category ‘insecta’? (a) Presence of ostium (b) Presence of coxal gland for excretion (c) Three pair of jointed legs in thoracic region (d) Exoskeleton of cutin 75. Which of the following represent the family of mango? (a) Sapindales (b) Anacardiaceae (c) Poales (d) Poaceae 76. House fly belongs to the order (a) Diptera (b) Carnivora (c) Primata (d) Insecta 77. Which is not required for the preservation of insect? (a) Collecting (b) Killing (c) Pinning (d) Pressing 78. IBG is situated at (a) Kew (b) Howrah (c) Lucknow (d) Jodhpur 79. A museum has a collection of (a) Preserved plants (b) Preserved animals (c) Skeleton of animals (d) All of these 80. Which of the following animals is usually stuffed and preserved? (a) Large birds (b) Mammals (c) Small lizards (d) Both (a) and (b) 81. Zoological parks are places for (a) Wild animals (b) Pet animals (c) Wild plants (d) Endangered crops 82. Zoological park is a place where (a) Wild animals are kept in protected environment under human care. (b) We can learn about wild animal’s food habit. (c) We can learn about wild animal’s behavior. (d) All of these 83. The keys are based on contrasting characters generally in pairs called (a) Duplex (b) Couplet (c) Dimer (d) All of these 1.10 Living World 84. Which of the following is incorrect about keys? (a) Key is a taxonomical aid used for the identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities. (b) Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family, genus and species for identification purposes. (c) Keys are generally analytical in nature. (d) Key is another taxonomical aid used for the nomenclature of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities. 85. Which of the following is a mean of recording description? (a) Flora and manuals (b) Monographs (c) Catalogues (d) All of these 86. Flora contains information about the habitat and distribution of (a) Animals of a given area (b) Plants of a given area (c) Some useful plants of a given area (d) Some useful animals of a given area 87. Monographs contains the information of (a) genus (b) species (c) family (d) any one taxon 88. Manuals contain information for (a) Habitat and distribution of animals in a given area (b) Habitat and distribution of plants in a given area (c) Identification of names of species found in an area (d) Habitat and distribution of some useful animals in a given area 89. Organisms vary in (a) Size and colour (b) Habitat (c) Physiological and morphological features (d) All of these 90. Live specimens of organisms are found in (a) Herbaria (b) Museum (c) Zoological parks and botanical gardens (d) All of these 91. The name of a plant written on herbarium sheet is its (a) English name (b) Local name (c) Botanical name (d) All of these 92. NBRI is situated in (a) Kolkata (b) Lucknow (c) Delhi (d) Jodhpur 93. Which is the prime source of taxonomical studies? (a) Collection of actual specimen (b) Nomenclature (c) Characterization (d) Identification 94. Tiger, dog and cat are placed in order of (a) Insectivora (b) Carnivora (c) Primata (d) Lagomorpha 95. Monkey, gorilla and gibbons belongs to which of the following order and class respectively (a) Primata and prototheria (b) Primata and mammalia (c) Carnivora and eutheria (d) Carnivora and mammalia Living World1.11 96. In plants, the families are characterized on the basis of (a) Vegetative structures (b) Reproductive features (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these 97. Match the column: Column I Column II A. Man 1. Order–Carnivora B. Mango 2. Family–Poaceae C. House fly 3. Genus–Musca D. Tiger 4. Phylum–Chordata E. Wheat 5. Family–Anacardiaceae (a) A–1, B–5, C–3, D–4, E–2 (b) A–4, B–5, C–3, D–1 and 4, E–2 (c) A–4, B–2, C–3, D–1, E–5 (d) A–1, B–2, C–3, D–4, E–5 98. Select the incorrect combination: (a) Fragmentation Fungi, Planaria, Protonema of moss (b) Budding Yeast, hydra and sponges (c) Order Mammalia, primata, diptera, poales, polymoniales, sapindales (d) Genus Homo, Triticum, Musca, Felis, Panthera, Datura, Petunia, Mangifera, Solanum 99. Select the correct combination: (a) Earliest classification based on – Uses of various organisms (b) Reproduction is synonymous with growth – Primitive multicellular organism (c) ICZN – International Code of Zoo Nomenclature (d) NBRI – National Botanical Registered Institute 100. Single-horned Rhinoes are found in (a) Ghana (b) Bastar of Madhya Pradesh (c) Kaziranga National Park (d) Khasi in Meghalaya 101. Herbarium sheet provides the information of (a) Collector’s name (b) Family of plant (c) Local, English and botanical name (d) All of these 102. Select the total number of correct statements from the following: 1. Photoperiod affects the reproduction in seasonal breeders, both plants and animals. 2. All organisms handle chemicals entering their bodies. 3. Metabolism is a characterstic feature of all living organisms. 4. In animals, growth is seen only up to a certain age. 5. Non-living object exhibits metabolism. 6. No non-living object is capable of reproducing or replicating by itself. (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6 103. All plants, animals, fungi and microbes exhibit (a) Reproduction (b) Growth by increase in mass only (c) Metabolism (d) Self-consciousness 1.12 Living World Assertion and Reason Questions Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below: (a) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. (b) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion. (c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false. (d) If both the assertion and reason are false. 104. Assertion: Systematics is an important branch of biology. Reason: Systematics name the organisms and divides them into groups and subgroups according to the set rules to make their study easy. 105. Assertion: Members of a species breed only with others of the same species. Reason: In some cases, members of different species may also breed, producing sterile or fertile offspring. 106. Assertion: No non living object exhibit metabolism. Reason: Cellular organization is absent in non-living organisms. 107. Assertion: Metabolic reactions can be demonstrated outside the body in cell free systems. Reason: An isolated metabolic rection performed in test tube is neither living nor non-living. 108. Assertion: Conservative characters are more useful in classification. Reason: These characters do not change during evolution. Therefore, their similarities show relationships among organisms. 109. Assertion: Linnaeus insisted that the scientific names should be Latinized. Reason: This gives beauty to the names. 110. Assertion: There is no difference between the terms taxon and category. Reason: Aves is a taxon that includes the category ‘birds’. 111. Assertion: Each rank or taxon represents a unit of classification. Reason: Taxonomic categories are distinct biological entities and not merely morhpological aggregates. 112. Assertion: Human being has self-conciousness. Reason: Human is an organism who is aware of himself. 113. Assertion: In unicellular organism, the reproduction is synonymous with growth. Reason: Increase in the number of cells is also called growth. 114. Assertion: Growth is not taken as a defining property of living organism. Reason: Non living organism can also grow by accumulation of material on their surface. 115. Assertion: Growth in plant is said to be open. Reason: In plant, growth by cell division occurs throughout their life. 116. Assertion: In Planaria we call regeneration as true regeneration. Reason: A fragmented organism regenerates the lost part of its body and becomes a new organism. Living World1.13 117. Assertion: Growth and reproduction is synonymous in amoeba. Reason: Amoeba is unicellular organism. 118. Assertion: All organisms handle chemicals entering in their bodies. Reason: All organisms are aware of their surroundings. 119. Assertion: All living organism present, past and future are linked to one another. Reason: Because all organism sharing common genetic material, but to varying degrees. 120. Assertion: Properties of tissues are arises due to interaction of cells. Reason: Properties of tissues are present in constituent cells. 121. Assertion: Scientific names of all organisms are based on agreed principles and criteria pro- vided by ICBN. Reason: ICBN is International code for biological nomenclature. 122. Assertion: Binomial system provided by Linnaeus is used by biologist all over the world. Reason: This naming system using a two word format is convenient. 123. Assertion: Earliest classifications were based on the uses of various organisms. Reason: In early days human beings needed to find sources for their basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. 124. Assertion: Cockroach belongs to Insecta. Reason: Cockroach posses three pair of jointed legs in their thoracic region. previous year questions 1. The Indian rhinoceros is a natural inhabitant of which one of the Indian states? [AIPMT MAINS 2010] (a) Uttarakhand (b) Uttar Pradesh (c) Himachal Pradesh (d) Assam 2. Which one of the following aspects is an exclusive characteristic of living things? [AIPMT MAINS 2011] (a) Isolated metabolic reactions occurs in vitro. (b) Increase in mass from inside only. (c) Perceptions of events happening in the environment and their memory. (d) Increase in mass by accumulation of material both on surface as well as internally. 3. Which one of the following is common to multicellular fungi, filamentous algae and proto- nema of mosses? [AIPMT PRE 2012] (a) Diplontic life cycle (b) Members of kingdom Planate (c) Mode of Nutrition (d) Multiplication by fragmentation 4. Which one of the following is not a correct statement? [AIPMT MAINS 2013] (a) Herbarium houses dried pressed and preserved plant specimens (b) Botanical gardens have collection of living plants for reference (c) A museum has collection of photographs of plants and animals (d) Key is a taxonomic aid for identification of specimens. 1.14 Living World 5. Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules of nomenclature? [NEET - I, 2016] (a) Biological names can be written in any language (b) The first word in a biological name represents the genus name, and the second is a specific epithet (c) The names are written in Latin and are italicized (d) When written by hand, the names are to be underlined 6. The label of a herbarium sheet does not carry information on [NEET - II, 2016] (a) Name of collector (b) Local names (c) Height of the plant (d) Date of collection 7. Match Column – I with Column – II for housefly classification and select the correct option using the codes given below: [NEET - II, 2016] Column – I Column – II A. Family 1. Diptera B. Order 2. Arthropoda C. Class 3. Muscidae D. Phylum 4. Insecta (a) A–3, B–2, C–4, D–1 (b) A–4, B–3, C–2, D–1 (c) A–4, B–2, C–1, D–3 (d) A–3, B–1, C–4, D–2 8. Study the four statements (A-D) given below and select the two correct ones out of them: [NEET - II, 2016] A. Definition of biological species was given by Ernst Mayr. B. Photoperiod does not affect reproduction in plants. C. Binomial nomenclature system was given by R. H. Whittaker D. In unicellular organisms, reproduction is synonymous with growth The two correct statements are (a) C and D (b) A and B (c) A and D (d) B and C NCERT Exemplar Questions 1. As we go from species to kingdom in a taxonomic hierarchy, the number of common characteristics (a) Will decrease (b) Will increase (c) Remain same (d) May increase or decrease 2. Which of the following ‘suffixes’ used for the units of classification in plants indicates a taxonomic category of ‘family’? (a) –Ales (b) –Onae (c) –Aceae (d) –Ae 3. The term ‘systematics’ refers to (a) The identification and classification of plants and animals. (b) The nomenclature and identification of plants and animals. Living World1.15 (c) The diverse kind of organisms and their relationship. (d) The different kinds of organisms and their classification. 4. Genus represents (a) An individual plant or animal. (b) A collection of plants or animals. (c) Group of closely related species of plants or animals. (d) Different kinds of organisms and their classification. 5. The taxonomic unit ‘Phylum’ in the classification of animals is equivalent to which hierarchical level in the classification of plants? (a) Class (b) Order (c) Division (d) Family 6. Botanical garden and zoological parks have (a) Collection of endemic living species only. (b) Collection of exotic living species only. (c) Collection of endemic and exotic living species. (d) Collection of only local plants and animals. 7. Taxonomic key is one of the taxonomic tools in the identification and classification of plants and animals. It is used in the preparation of (a) Monographs (b) Flora (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these 8. All living organisms are linked to one another because (a) They have common genetic material of the same type. (b) They share common genetic material but to varying degrees. (c) All have common cellular organization. (d) All of these 9. Which of the following is a defining characteristic of living organisms? (a) Growth (b) Ability to make sound (c) Reproduction (d) Response to external stimuli 10. Match the following by choosing the correct option: a. Family i. Tuberosum b. Kingdom ii. Polymoniales c. Order iii. Solanum d. Species iv. Plantae e. Genus v. Solanaceae Options (a) i – d, ii – c, iii – e, iv – b, v – a (b) i – e, ii – d, iii – b, iv – a, v – c (c) i – d, ii – e, iii – b, iv – a, v – c (d) i – e, ii – c, iii – b, iv – a, v – d 1.16 Living World Answer Keys Practice Questions 1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (d) 19. (a) 20. (c) 21. (c) 22. (d) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (c) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (d) 29. (c) 30. (c) 31. (a) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (b) 41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (a) 45. (b) 46. (c) 47. (d) 48. (b) 49. (a) 50. (a) 51. (d) 52. (d) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (d) 56. (c) 57. (d) 58. (d) 59. (d) 60. (d) 61. (b) 62. (d) 63. (d) 64. (d) 65. (d) 66. (d) 67. (d) 68. (d) 69. (b) 70. (a) 71. (d) 72. (b) 73. (d) 74. (c) 75. (b) 76. (a) 77. (d) 78. (b) 79. (d) 80. (d) 81. (a) 82. (d) 83. (b) 84. (d) 85. (d) 86. (b) 87. (d) 88. (c) 89. (d) 90. (c) 91. (d) 92. (b) 93. (a) 94. (b) 95. (b) 96. (c) 97. (b) 98. (c) 99. (a) 100. (c) 101. (d) 102. (c) 103. (c) Assertion and Reason Questions 104. (a) 105. (b) 106. (a) 107. (b) 108. (a) 109. (c) 110. (d) 111. (b) 112. (a) 113. (a) 114. (a) 115. (a) 116. (a) 117. (a) 118. (a) 119. (a) 120. (c) 121. (d) 122. (a) 123. (a) 124. (a) Previous Year Questions 1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (c) NCERT Exemplar Questions 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (a) Biological CHAPTER 2 Classification prACtiCe Questions Kingdom Classiﬁcation 1. Who was the first to attempt a more scientific basis of classification? (a) Linnaeus (b) Aristotle (c) Whittaker (d) Bentham and Hooker 2. Aristotle classified plants in herbs, shrubs and trees on the basis of (a) Anatomical feature (b) Morphological characters (c) Physiological characters (d) Biochemical characters 3. In how many groups did Aristotle divide the animals on the basis of presence/absence of RBC? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 4. Two kingdom classification does not distinguish between (a) Eukaryote and prokaryote (b) Unicellular and multi-cellular organisms (c) Photosynthetic (green algae) and non-photosynthetic (fungi) organisms (d) All the above 5. In which year Whittaker proposed the five kingdom classification? (a) 1960 (b) 1959 (c) 1969 (d) 1979 6. Whittaker’s kingdom are (a) Plantae and Animalia (b) Monera and Protista (c) Fungi (d) All of these 7. How many main criteria were used by Whittaker for classification? (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 8. What is the criteria used by Whittaker for classification? (1) Cell structure (2) Thallus organization (3) Mode of nutrition (4) Reproduction (5) Phylogenetic relationship (6) Biochemical difference (7) Physiological character (a) All except (5) and (6) (b) All except (5) and (7) (c) All except (6) and (7) (d) All except (3) and (4) 9. In earlier classification (like two kingdoms), the following are included in plant (1) Bacteria, blue green algae, fungus (2) Mosses and fern (3) Gymnosperms and angiosperm (a) (1) only (b) (2) and (3) only (c) (3) only (d) All of these 2.2 Biological Classification 10. What is common to bacteria, mosses and fungus? (a) It is a mode of nutrition (b) Presence of cell wall (c) Autotrophic (d) Body organization 11. All prokaryotic groups are put under ———— kingdom (a) Monera (b) Plantae (c) Fungi (d) Protista 12. Kingdom protista contains (a) Blue green algae (b) Fungi (c) Unicellular eukaryotes (d) All of these 13. Chlamydomonas, chlorella, paramecium and amoeba are placed in which kingdom of Whittaker’s classification? (a) Monera (b) Plantae (c) Fungi (d) Protista 14. Phylogeny refers to (a) Morphology (b) Physiology (c) Reproduction (d) Evolutionary relationship 15. Kingdom monera contains (a) Bacteria (b) Dinoflagellate (c) Slime moulds (d) Euglenoid 16. Most abundant microorganism are (a) bacteria (b) virus (c) amoeba (d) paramecium 17. Which of the following is incorrect about bacteria? (A) It is grouped under five categories on the basis of shape. (B) It can live in hot spring, deep ocean, snow and desert areas. (C) It can live as a parasite. (D) It is composed of simple behaviour and complex structure. (a) (A) and (B) only (b) (A) and (D) only (c) (B) and (C) only (d) (C) and (D) only 18. Most extensive metabolic diversity is found in (a) Protozoans (b) Amphibian (c) Bacteria (d) Fungi 19. Most of the bacteria are (a) Chemo-autotrophs (b) Photo-autotrophs (c) Heterotroph (d) Holozoic 20. Match the column: Column I Column II A. Salty area 1. Thermoacidophile B. Hot spring 2. Methanogen C. Marshy area 3. Halophiles (a) A‒3, B‒1, C‒2 (b) A‒1, B‒2, C‒3 (c) A‒2, B‒1, C‒3 (d) A‒2, B‒3, C‒1 21. Archaebacteria can live in some of the most harsh habitats because of (a) Presence of mesosome (b) High power of multiplication (c) Special cell wall structure (d) All of these Biological Classification2.3 22. Following are present in gut of cows and buffaloes and is responsible for the production of methane from the dung of these animals (a) Methanogen (b) Thermoacidophiles (c) Halophils (d) All of these 23. Motile bacteria possess (a) Cilia (b) Flagella (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these 24. Which of the following statements is true about cyanobacteria? (a) It is found in fresh water only. (b) It may be unicellular, colonial or filamentous. (c) They often form bloom in non-polluted fresh water bodies. (d) Colonies are not surrounded by gelatinous sheath. 25. Specialized cell of nostoc and anabaena fix nitrogen are known as (a) Cyst (b) Heterocyst (c) Oocytes (d) Cholecyst 26. Find out the total number of false statements: A. Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll ‘a’ like green plants. B. Bacteria which oxidizes various inorganic substance such as nitrates and ammonia and uses the released energy for ATP production are chemosynthesis autotrophic bacteria. C. Heterotrophic bacteria are less in abundance in nature. D. Majority of heterotrophic bacteria are decomposers. E. Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria play an important role in recycling of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus iron and sulphur. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 27. Heterotrophic bacteria helps in (a) Curding of milk (b) Production of antibiotic (c) Nitrogen fixation in leguminous plant (d) All of these 28. Select the total number of disease from the following caused by bacteria: Mumps, Smallpox, Citrus canker, Cholera, Typhoid, Tetanus, Sleeping sickness, Malaria (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 29. Which one is correct about reproduction in bacteria? (a) Mainly by binary fission (b) Spores are formed under unfavorable condition (c) Sexual reproduction by transfer of DNA from one to another (d) All of these 30. Following features belong to A. Complete lacking of cell wall B. Anaerobic C. Smallest living cell D. Many of them are pathogenic to plant and animals (a) Chrysophytes (b) Prions (c) Viroids (d) Mycoplasma 2.4 Biological Classification 31. Which of the following is incorrect about protista? (a) All are single cell eukaryotes (b) Some have flagella or cilia (c) Sexually reproduce by cell fusion and zygote formation (d) Members of protista are primarily terrestrial 32. Kingdom protista include (a) Chrysophyte (b) Dinoflagellate (c) Euglenoids (d) All of these 33. Which kingdom of Whittaker are not well-defined? (a) Monera (b) Protista (c) Fungi (d) Animalia 34. Which of the following is correct about chrysophytes? I. Found in fresh and marine water II. Microscopic plankton III. Cell walls are embedded with CaCO3 IV. Most of them are photosynthetic (a) I and III only (b) I, III and IV only (c) I, II and IV only (d) I and IV only 35. Chief producers in ocean are (a) Euglenoids (b) Dinoflagellate (c) BGA (d) Chrysophytes 36. Chrysophytes include (a) Diatoms (b) Golden algae (c) Desmids (d) All of these 37. Diatomaceous earth is used in (a) Polishing (b) Filteration of oils (c) Filteration of syrups (d) All of these 38. In _______ cell wall forms two thin overlapping shells which fit together as in a soap box. (a) Dinoflagellates (b) Diatoms (c) Euglenoids (d) None of these 39. Mostly marine, photosynthetic and biflagellate organisms are (a) Diatoms (b) Desmids (c) Dinoflagellates (d) Euglenoids 40. The following features belong to I. Appear yellow, green, brown, blue and red depending on the pigment in cell. II. Stiff cellulose plate forms cell wall. III. One longitudiual and one transverse flagella present. IV. Photosynthetic (a) Diatoms (b) Desmids (c) Dinoflagellates (d) Euglenoids 41. Red tide is because of (a) Desmids (b) Gonyaulax (c) Euglena (d) Red algae 42. Which of the following is true about gonyaulax? (a) Release toxin (b) Slow multiplication causing red tide (c) Heterotropic (d) All of these 43. Habitat of euglenoids is (a) Fresh river water (b) Fresh stagnant water (c) Marine water (d) All of these 44. Mode of nutrition in euglenoids is (a) Autotropic (b) Heterotropic (c) Symbiotic (d) Mixotropic Biological Classification2.5 45. Characteristic feature of euglenoids are A. Presence of cell wall B. Presence of two flagella C. Photosynthetic in presence of sunlight D. Presence of pellicle on their cell (a) A and D only (b) B and D only (c) B, C and D only (d) All of these 46. Euglenoids have flexible body because of (a) Cellulosic wall (b) Protein rich pellicle (c) Lipoic wall (d) Pectinic wall 47. Pigments of euglenoids are identical to (a) Bacteria (b) Diatoms (c) Dinoflagellates (d) Higher plants 48. Euglena posses all except (a) Pellicle (b) Two equal flagella (c) Two unequal flagella (d) Mixotrophic nutrition 49. Character belongs to slime moulds A. Saprophytes B. Forms plasmodium under favourable condition C. Spores posses true walls D. Spores are dispersed by water E. Body moves along decaying twings and leaves engulfing organic matter. (a) All except E (b) All except D (c) All except C and E (d) All except B 50. Which protist are believed to be the relatives of animals? (a) Slime moulds (b) Dinoflagellates (c) Protozoans (d) Diatoms 51. Protozoans are A. Hetrotrops B. Parasites or predators C. Protist D. Belived to be primitive relative of animals (a) A and B only (b) B and C only (c) D and A only (d) All of these 52. Amoeboid protozoans (a) Live in fresh water, sea water or moist soil (b) Captures prey by putting pseudopodia (c) Marine forms have shells on their surface (d) All of the above 53. False feet is the characteristic of which protozoan? (a) Sporozoan (b) Ciliated protozoan (c) Flagellated protozoan (d) Amoeboid protozoans 54. Sleeping sickness is caused by (a) Plasmodium (b) Paramoecium (c) Trypanosoma (d) Entamoeba 55. The protist which possess flagella is (a) Paramoecium (b) Plasmodium (c) Trypanosoma (d) Entamoeba 2.6 Biological Classification 56. Ciliated protozoan possess (a) Thousands of cilia (b) Gullet that opens outsides to cell (c) Coordinated movement of rows of cilia (d) All of these 57. Sporozoans possesss (a) Spore like stage in life cycle (b) They are infectious (c) They are motile (d) Both (a) and (b) 58. Select the correct statement from the following for kingdom fungi A. They are heterotrophic. B. They show less diversity in morphology and habitat. C. Yeast is an unicellular fungus. D. They prefer to grow in warm and humid places. (a) A and D only (b) C and D only (c) A, C and D only (d) A and B only 59. Which of the following are example of fungus? (a) Toadstool (b) Puccinia (c) Yeast (d) All of these 60. Which of the following pairs belongs to the same kingdom? (a) Mycoplasma and Euglena (b) Golden algae and Green algae (c) Toadstool and Albugo (d) Lichens and Alternaria 61. Refrigeration prevents food from spoilage by (a) Fungus (b) Bacteria (c) Both (d) None of these 62. Which is not a correct matching? (a) Rust → Puccinia (b) Yeast → Bread and beer (c) Chrysophyte → Diatomaceous earth (d) Penicillium → Red tide 63. The following features belongs to A. Body consist of long, slender thread-like structures called hyphae. B. Cell wall consist of chitin. C. Cosmopolitan (a) Ciliated protozoans (b) Slime moulds (c) Fungi (d) Euglenoids 64. If hyphae are continuous tube filled with multinucleated cytoplasm it is known as (a) Septate hyphae (b) Coenocytic hyphae (c) Mycelium (d) None of these 65. Select the correct matching: A. Fungi depend on dead substrate ‒ Saprophytic B. Fungi depend on living plants and animals ‒ Parasite C. Fungi as symbiont with algae ‒ Lichens D. Fungi as symbiont with root of higher plant ‒ Mycorrhazia (a) A and B only (b) B and C only (c) C and D only (d) All of these 66. Vegetative reproduction in fungus takes place by (a) Fragmentation (b) Fission (c) Budding (d) All of these 67. Asexual reproduction in fungus occurs by spores known as (a) Conidia (b) Sporangiospores (c) Zoospores (d) Any of the above Biological Classification2.7 68. Sexual reproduction in fungus is by (a) Oospores (b) Ascospores (c) Basidiospores (d) Any of the above 69. Sexual reproduction in fungus occurs in the following sequential event. Arrange them properly. A. Fusion of two nuclei called karyogamy. B. Fusion of protoplasm between two motile or non-motile gametes. C. Meiosis in zygote resulting in haploid spores. (a) A → B → C (b) B → A → C (c) C → B → A (d) C → A → B 70. Dikaryon and dikaryophase is seen in the case of (a) Ascomycetes (b) Basidiomycetes (c) Phycomycetes (d) Both (a) and (b) 71. The kingdom fungi is divided into various classes on the basis of (a) Morphology of mycelium (b) Mode of spore formation (c) Type of fruiting bodies (d) All of these 72. During sexual reproduction in fungus (a) Hyphae of same class come together and fuse. (b) Hyphae of same genus come together and fuse. (c) Hyphae of closely related species come together and fuse. (d) Hyphae of compatible mating type come together and fuse. 73. Habitats of phycomycetes are (a) Aquatic (b) Decaying wood in moist and damp place (c) Obligate parasite in plant (d) All of these 74. Endogenously produced spores are found in all except (a) Mushroom (b) Mucor (c) Albugo (d) Rhizopus 75. The following features belong to class A. Asexual reproduction by zoospores or aplanospores. B. Fusion of gametes may be isogamous, anisogamous or oogamous. C. Mycelium is aseptate and coenocytic. D. Spores are endogenously produced in sporangium. (a) Ascomycetes (b) Deuteromycetes (c) Phycomycetes (d) Basidiomycetes 76. The following fungus belongs to class ascomycetes (count the total number). Rhizopus, Penicillium, Yeast, Mucor, Agaricus, Puccinia, Albugo, Claviceps, Neurospora, Alternaria, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Ustilago, Morels, Buffles, Colletotrichum, Toadstool (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 10 77. Ascomycetes are mostly (a) Acellular (b) Unicellular (c) Multicellular (d) All of these 78. Unicellular ascomycetes is (a) Penicillium (b) Alternaria (c) Saccharomyces (yeast) (d) Agaricus 2.8 Biological Classification 79. The following features belongs to class A. Mycelium branched and septate. B. Asexual spores conidia produced exogenously. C. Sexual spores produced endogenously. D. Many members of this class are edible. (a) Ascomycetes (b) Phycomycetes (c) Basidiomycetes (d) Deuteromycetes 80. Which of the following is extensively used in biochemical and genetic work? (a) Aspergillus (b) Claviceps (c) Neurospora (d) Penicillium 81. The commonly known form of basidiomycetes are (a) Mushrooms (b) Bracket fungi (c) puffballs (d) all 82. The following characteristics are of which of the given fungi? A. Mycelium branched and septate. B. Asexual spores are generally not found. C. Vegetative reproduction by fragmentation is common. D. Sex organs are absent but plasmogamy is by fusion of two somatic cells of different strains or genotype. (a) Phycomycetes (b) Basidiomycetes (c) Deuteromycetes (d) Ascomycetes 83. Karyogamy and meiosis occurs in basidium produces ______ basidiospores. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 84. Basidiospores are produced on basidium (a) Endogenously (b) Exogenously (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these 85. Find out the correct matching: (a) Ustilago–Smut (b) Puccinia–Rust (c) Agaricus–Mushroom (d) All are correct 86. Which of the following fungi only reproduce by asexual spores conidia? (a) Alternaria (b) Colletotrichum (c) Trichoderma (d) All of these 87. Deuteromycetes are known as imperfect fungi because (a) Only sexual phase is found. (b) Only asexual or vegetative phase are known. (c) Both asexual and sexual phase are known. (d) Reproduction in these fungi is absent. 88. Many members of _______ class are decomposers of litter and help in mineral cycling. (a) Ascomycetes (b) Deuteromycetes (c) basidiomycetes (d) phycomycetes 89. The following features belongs to A. Mycelium septate and branched. B. Some members are saprophytes or parasites. C. Reproduce only by conidia. (a) Ascomycetes (b) Deuteromycetes (c) Basidiomycetes (d) Phycomycetes 90. Which of the following are examples of insectivorous plants? (a) Bladderwort (b) Venus fly trap (c) Cuscuta (d) Both (a) and (b) Biological Classification2.9 91. Kingdom plantae include (a) Algae and bryophytes (b) Pteridophytes and gymnosperms (c) Angiosperms (d) All of these 92. Plant cells have all except (a) Chloroplast (b) Cellulosic cell wall (c) Large vacuole (d) Centriole 93. Alternation of generation is seen in all except (a) Fucus (b) Sphagnum (c) Equisetum (d) Alternaria 94. Life cycle in plant has generally two distinct phase the ______ sporophytic and the ______ gametophytic that alternate with each other. This phenomenon is called as alternation of generation. (a) diploid, diploid (b) diploid, haploid (c) haploid, diploid (d) haploid, haploid 95. Select from the following the total number of features belonging to animal kingdom. 1. Multicellular, heterotrophic. 7. Higher forms shows sensory and 2. Most of them capable of locomotion. neuromotor mechanism. 3. Have definite shape and size. 8. Some members are autotrophic. 4. Digestion of food in internal cavity. 9. Presence of cellulose cell wall. 5. Holozoic mode of nutrition. 10. Sexual reproduction generally by 6. Stored food reserve as glycogen or fat. copulation of male and female. (a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 10 Viruses,Viroids and Lichens 96. In five kingdom classification of Whittaker, some acellular organisms are not included, they are (a) Virus (b) Viroids (c) Lichens (d) Both (a) and (b) 97. Virus is (a) Completely non-living (b) Inert crystalline structure outside the living cell (c) Cellular organism (d) One of Whittaker’s classification 98. ‘Virus’, the name means (a) Venom or poisonous fluid (b) Acellular form (c) Non-cellular form (d) The connecting link between living and non-living 99. ‘Virus’ , the name was given by (a) Ivanowsky (b) Pasteur (c) Whittaker (d) Beijerinck 100. Contagium vivum fluidum (infections living fluid) name given to fluid extract from infected tobacco plant was given by (a) Ivanowsky (b) Pasteur (c) Whittaker (d) Beijerinek 101. Viruses are (a) Inert outside their specific host cell (b) Obligate parasite (c) Passes through bacteria proof filter (d) All above statements are correct 2.10 Biological Classification 102. Who showed that virus can be crystallized out? (a) Ivanowsky (b) Beijerinck (c) Stanley (d) Pasteur 103. Virus contains (a) Protein (b) DNA (d) RNA (d) (a) and either (b) or (c) 104. Virus infected plants generally have (a) Single stranded DNA (b) Double stranded DNA (c) Double stranded RNA (d) Single stranded RNA 105. Viruses which infect animals have (a) Single stranded RNA (b) Double stranded RNA (c) Double stranded DNA (d) Any of the above 106. Bacteriophage generally have (a) Single stranded RNA (b) Double stranded RNA (c) Double stranded DNA (d) Any of the above 107. Capsomeres may be arranged in (a) Helical (b) Polyhedral (c) Ellipsoid (d) Either (a) or (b) 108. In virus infected plants the following symptoms can be observed (a) Mosaic formation and stunted growth (b) Leaf rolling and curling (c) Yellowing and vein clearing (d) All of these 109. Select the total number of diseases from the following which can be caused by virus in plant or animals. Mumps, Small pox, Rust, Smut, Herpes, Influenza, Potato spindle tuber, Red rot of sugar cane, Turnip mosaic, Black rot crucifier (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 8 110. Potato spindle tuber disease is caused by (a) Virus (b) Viroids (c) Lichens (d) Fungi 111. ‘Viroids’ is discovered by (a) Ivanowsky (b) T. O. Diener (c) Beijerinck (d) Stanley 112. Viroids are (a) Free protein (b) Free RNA (c) Free DNA (d) Free saccharides 113. The molecular weight of RNA of viroid is (a) High (b) Low (c) Very high (d) Any of the above 114. Lichens are symbiotic association between (a) Algae and bacteria (b) Bacteria and fungus (c) Algae and fungus (d) Fungus and root of higher plant 115. In lichen, the algal component is called ______ and fungal component is called ______. (a) mycobiont, phycobiont (b) phycobiont, mycobiont (c) phycobiont, mycorrhazia (d) mycorrhaiza, mycobiont Biological Classification2.11 116. Which one of the following is heterotrophic in lichen? (a) Fungus (b) Algae (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None 117. Lichens are (a) Pollution indicators (b) Symbiotic association between algae and fungus (c) Pioneer species in primary succession on rocks (d) All of the above 118. Which of the following is incorrect about lichens? (a) Algae part is autotrophic (b) Fungus part absorb nutrient and minerals (c) Fungus provide shelter to algae (d) Algae provide shelter to fungus 119. Identify the A, B, C and D in this figure. A B C D (a) A–Spirilla, B–Vibrio, C–Flagellum, D–Cocci (b) A–Cocci, B–Flagellum, C–Spirilla, D–Vibrio (c) A–Vibrio, B–Spirilla, C–Cocci, D–Flagellum (d) A–Flagellum, B–Spirilla, C–Cocci, D–Vibrio 120. Identify around structure ‘A’ in this diagram A Bacilli (a) dsDNA (b) Plasmid (c) Spore (d) Cosmid 121. What indicates A in this figure? A B (a) Heterocyst (b) Mucilaginous sheath (c) Cyanobacteria (d) ATP 2.12 Biological Classification 122. Identify the A, B and C shown in this figure? B C A (a) A–Cell wall, B–DNA, C–Cell membrane (b) A–DNA, B–Cell membrane, C–Cell wall (c) A–Cell membrane, B–DNA, C–Cell wall (d) A–DNA, B–Cell wall, C–Cell membrane 123. Identify the organism given in this diagram and its feature. A B (a) Vibrio–Comma shape bacteria which causes cholera (b) Fungi–Body organization is loose tissue level (c) Blue green algae–Filamentous structure, helps in nitrogen fixation (d) Algae–Heterotrophic structure feeds on Nostoc 124. Select the incorrect statement about the organism given in this diagram. (a) Autotrophic in sunlight (b) Heterotrophic in deprived sunlight (c) Biflagellate (d) They are surrounded by protein rich layer known as cell wall Biological Classification2.13 125. Identify A, B, C in this diagram. A B C (a) A–Euglena, B–Paramoecium, C–Vibrio (b) A–Paramoecium, B–Vibrio, C–Euglena (c) A–Flagella, B–Paramoecium, C–Vibrio (d) A–Paramoecium, B–Slipper animalcule, C–Vibrio 126. Identify the A, B and C in this figure. A B C (a) A–Agaricus, B–Mucor, C–Aspergillus (b) A–Mucor, B–Agaricus, C–Aspergillus (c) A–Aspergillus, B–Mucor, C–Agaricus (d) A–Agaricus, B–Aspergillus, D–Mucor 127. Identify the A and B shown in this figure. B A (a) A–DNA, B–Capsid (b) A–RNA, B–DNA (c) A–Capsid, B–RNA (d) A–RNA, B–Capsid 128. What is indicating A to D in this figure. C B A D 2.14 Biological Classification (a) A–Collar, B–Tail Fibres, C–Head, D–Sheath (b) A–Sheath, B–Collar, C–Head, D–Tail fibres (c) A–Tail fibres, B–Sheath, C–Collar, D–Head (d) A–Tail fibres, B–Collar, C–Head, D–Sheath Assertion and Reason Questions Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given below: (a) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion. (b) If both the assertion and reason are true but the reason is not a correct explanation of the assertion. (c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false. (d) If both the assertion and reason are false. 129. Assertion: Chemotaxonomy is classifying organisms at molecular level. Reason: Cytotaxonomy is classifying organisms at cellular level. 130. Assertion: Bacteria are prokaryotic. Reason: Bacteria do not possess true nucleus and membrane bound cell organelles. 131. Assertion: Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shapes. Reason: Cocci and Bacilli may form clusters or chain of a definite length. 132. Assertion: Mycoplasma can survive without oxygen. Reason: They have no cell wall. 133. Assertion: Bacterial cell wall are not like the plant cell. Reason: Bacterial cell wall is made up of cellulose. 134. Assertion: Bacteria do not always move with the help of flagella. Reason: Flagellated bacteria employs rotary motion of flagellum when it moves. 135. Assertion: Amoeba contains a contractile vacuole. Reason: It helps in both digestion and osmoregulation. 136. Assertion: Whittaker proposed a five kingdom classification. Reason: The main criteria were cell structure, body organization, mode of nutrition, repro- duction and phylogenetic relationship. 137. Assertion: Paramecium is aquatic, actively moving organism. Reason: Paramecium contains two nucleus. 138. Assertion: Fresh water protozoan possess contractile vacuoles. Reason: The main function of the vacuole is contraction during digestion. 139. Assertion: Sexual reproduction in protozoan is not a frequent occurrence. Reason: Sexual reproduction has no significance. 140. Assertion: Bacteria are the most abundant micro-organism. Reason: Bacteria show most extensive metabolic diversity. Biological Classification2.15 141. Assertion: Euglenoids have flexible body. Reason: Euglenoids are covered by protein rich layer called pellicle 142. Assertion: Slime moulds are saprophytic protists. Reason: Slime moulds derive their nutrition mainly from decaying organic matter. 143. Assertion: Slime moulds are called protistan fungi. Reason: A Slime mould resembles both protozoa and true fungi. 144. Assertion: Cell walls of diatoms are indestructible. Reason: Cell walls of diatoms embedded with silica. 145. Assertion: Mycoplasma is pleomorphic (means can change their shape). Reason: Cell wall is absent in Mycoplasma. 146. Assertion: Euglenoids shows mixotrophic nutrition. Reason: Euglenoids are autotrophic in sunlight and heterotrophic in absence of sunlight. 147. Assertion: Neurospora is used extensively in genetic work. Reason: Neurospora belongs to Ascomycetes. 148. Assertion: Bladderwort and Venus fly trap are parasite Reason: Cuscuta is insectivorous plant. 149. Assertion: Lichens are very good pollution indicators. Reason: Lichens do not grow in polluted areas. 150. Assertion: Virus is obligate parasite Reason: Virus can’t multiply without host cell. 151. Assertion: Aristotle used simple morphological characters to classify plants into trees, shrubs and herbs. Reason: Aristotle divides animals in two groups on the basis of presence or absence of red blood. 152. Assertion: Fungi are no more considered as plant. Reason: Fungi posses heterotrophic nutrition and their cell wall consist of chitin mainly. 153. Assertion: Kingdom Protista brought together chlorella and paramecium, which in earlier classification were placed in different kingdom. Reason: Criteria for different classification are different in many aspects. 154. Assertion: Bacteria are the most abundant micro-organisms Reason: Bacteria only shows autotrophic mode of nutrition. 155. Assertion: Bacteria have simple structure. Reason: Bacteria show most extensive metabolic diversity. 156. Assertion: Archaebacteria is most resistant to adverse environmental conditions. Reason: Archaebacteria has complex cell wall structure. 157. Assertion: Methane is produced from the dung of ruminating animals. Reason: Methanogens present in gut of many ruminant animals. 158. Assertion: Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria are useful for ecosystem. Reason: They play great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and sulphur. 2.16 Biological Classification 159. Assertion: Bacteria reproduce mainly by binary fission. Reason: Under unfavourable condition they produce spores. 160. Assertion: All single called eukaryotes reproduce by asexual means only placed under king- dom Protista. Reason: Protistan cell contain well defined nucleus but not membrane bound cell organelles. 161. Assertion: Classification system has undergone several changes over a period of time. Reason: This is because the criteria for classification gradually get changed. 162. Assertion: Deuteromycetes are referred as imperfect fungi Reason: Sexual stage is not known in these fungi. previous year questions 1. Given below is the diagram of a bacteriophage. In which one of the options all four parts A, B, C and D are correct? [AIPMT MAINS 2010] A C B D (a) A: Tail fibres, B: Head, C: Sheath, D: Collar (b) A: Sheath, B: Collar, C: Head, D: Tail fibres (c) A: Head, B: Sheath, C: Collar, D: Tail fibres (d) A: Collar, B: Tail fibres, C: Head, D: Sheath 2. Select the correct combination of the statements (A-D) regarding the characteristics of certain organisms [AIPMT MAINS 2010] (A) Methanogens are archaebacteria which produce methane in marshy areas. (B) Nostoc is a filamentous blue–green algae which fixes atmospheric nitrogen. (C) Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria synthesize cellulose from glucose. (D) Mycoplasma lack a cell wall and can survive without oxygen. The correct statements are: (a) (B) and (C) (b) (A), (B) and (C) (c) (B), (C) and (D) (d) (A), (B) and (D) 3. Some hyperthermophilic organisms that grow in highly acidic (pH = 2) habitats belong to the two groups called [AIPMT PRE 2010] Biological Classification2.17 (a) Eubacteria and archaea (b) Cyanobacteria and diatoms (c) Protists and mosses (d) Liverworts and yeasts 4. Single-celled eukaryotes are included in [AIPMT PRE 2010] (a) Protista (b) Fungi (c) Archaea (d) Monera 5. The virus envelope is known as [AIPMT PRE 2010] (a) Capsid (b) Virion (c) Nucleoprotein (d) Core 6. Infectious proteins are present in [AIPMT PRE 2010] (a) Gemini viruses (b) Prions (c) Viroids (d) Satellite viruses 7. Organisms called methanogens are most abundant in a [AIPMT PRE 2011] (a) Cattle yard (b) Polluted stream (c) Hot spring (d) Sulphur rock 8. How many organisms in the list given below are autotrophs? Lactobacillus, Nostoc, Chara, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Streptomyces, Saccharomyces, Trypanosoma, Porphyra, Wolffia [AIPMT MAINS 2012] (a) Five (b) Six (c) Three (d) Four 9. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in produc- tion of antibiotics are the ones categorized as: [AIPMT PRE 2012] (a) Cyanobacteria (b) Archaebacteria (c) Chemosynthetic autotrophs (d) Heterotrophic bacteria 10. The cyanobacteria are also referred to as: [AIPMT PRE 2012] (a) Protists (b) Golden algae (c) Slime moulds (d) Blue-green algae 11. Which statement is wrong for viruses? [AIPMT PRE 2012] (a) All are parasites. (b) All of them have helical symmetry. (c) They have the ability to synthesize nucleic acids and proteins. (d) Antibiotics have no effect on them. 2.18 Biological Classification 12. Which one single organism or the pair of organisms is correctly assigned to its or their named taxonomic group? [AIPMT PRE 2012] (a) Paramoecium and plasmodium belong to the same kingdom as that of penicillium. (b) Lichen is a composite organism formed from the symbiotic association of an al

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