Obesity PDF

OBESITY Batch :11 Group :2 Tyseer Ahmed Abdelgader Safia Mohamed Hassan Omnia Ibrahim Osman Weam Moawia Al-shaima Jalal Dr.Musab abdullah INTRODUCTION  Definition  Overview  Overweight is a condition of excessive fat deposits.Obesity is a chronic complex disease...

OBESITY Batch :11 Group :2 Tyseer Ahmed Abdelgader Safia Mohamed Hassan Omnia Ibrahim Osman Weam Moawia Al-shaima Jalal Dr.Musab abdullah INTRODUCTION  Definition  Overview  Overweight is a condition of excessive fat deposits.Obesity is a chronic complex disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health. Obesity can lead to increased risk of type 2 and heart disease, it can diabetes affect bone health and reproduction, it increases the risk of certain cancers. Obesity influences the quality of living, such as sleeping or moving. The diagnosis of overweight and obesity is made by measuring people’s weight and height and by calculating the body mass index (BMI): weight (kg)/height² (m²). The body mass index is a surrogate marker of fatness and additional measurements, such as the waist circumference, can help the diagnosis of obesity. Causes of obesity:  Hyperphagia:† in food intake with energy expenditure remains normal due to interference with the normal homeostasis of the feeding and energy metabolism, the commonest cause  Sedentary life style  Endocrinal causes: Hypothyroidism, Hyperinsulinism, Cushing's syndrome ,Frolichs syndrome (affects the satiety center in hypothalamus)  Psychogenic obesity (emotional eating)  Genetic obesity. Symptoms:  Symptoms of Obesity in Adults Common symptoms of obesity in adults include: Excess body fat Shortness of breath Sweating Trouble sleeping Skin problems from moisture Psychological issues such as negative self-esteem, depression, shame, and social isolation You're considered to be affected by morbid obesity if: You're 100 pounds over your optimal body weight. Your body mass index (BMI) is 40 or higher. Your BMI is 35 or higher and you have high blood pressure or type 2 diabetes. Morbid obesity is also called extreme obesity or class III obesity. It can make it hard to complete everyday activities such as walking and can make it hard to breathe. It also raises your risk of many serious health conditions. Management of obesity: Assessment: 1-use person-centered and non-judgmental language. 2- measure height and weight and calculate BMI (important in determining the treatment ). 3- if the patient has comorbid diseases the monitoring and evaluation must be done more frequently. Treatment - BMI category (kg/m2)Nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral counseling If BMI is 25.0–26.9 (or 23.0–24.9*)  Pharmacotherapy: If BMI is 27.0–29.9 (or 25.0–27.4*)There are deferent drugs treat obesity such as : 1-semaglutide 2-orlistat 3-liraglutide*these drugs aren’t for everyone for example: you shouldn’t take it if you are trying to get pregnant or you are breastfeeding Metabolic surgery f BMI is ≥30.0 (or ≥27.5*)And when diet and exercise have not work There are different types of bariatric surgery such as :1-gastric Sleeve 2-gastric banding 3-gastric bypass. Obesity is defined as an increase in fatty tissue in the body, whether under the skin or around the internal organs. A recent study found that obese patients are twice as likely to have respiratory problems during anesthesia than non-obese patients. The obese patient has a special situation while preparing to enter the room. Operations, as he is the person most likely to have harmful effects and side complications during these surgeries. It is difficult to find the vein of an obese patient, which increases the possibility of the doctor injecting the wrong vein, or giving him an incorrect dose. Exercise and diet are the most common behaviors for losing weight. THANK YOU