NURS 3000 Quizlet Small Final Exam PDF

3000 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ezqtxy sensory reception the process of receiving stimuli or data sensory perception involves the conscious organization and translation of the data or stimuli into meaningful information stimulus a signal to which an organism responds receptor pr...

3000 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ezqtxy sensory reception the process of receiving stimuli or data sensory perception involves the conscious organization and translation of the data or stimuli into meaningful information stimulus a signal to which an organism responds receptor protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response impulse conduction the impulse travels along nerve pathways to the spinal cord or directly to the brain perception the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events individual's developmental stage, culture, level of stress, medications, illness, lifestyle, and personality A number of factors affect sensory reception and perception, including vibratory movements consist of trembling or shaking kinesthetic the sensation of movement or strain in muscles, tendons, and joints; muscle sense. stereognosis ability to recognize objects by feeling their form, size, and weight while the eyes are closed visceral instinctive; relating to the internal organs sensory deprivation insufficient sensory stimulation for an individual to function sensory overload an overabundance of sensory stimulation gender role behavior the behavior a person conveys about being male or female, which may or may not be the same as biologic gender or gender identity gender identity the individual's sense of being male or female sexual orientation a person's sexual identity in relation to the gender to which they are attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. gender dysmorphia gender identity in conflict with physical sex sexually healthy a state of physical, emotional, mental and social well-being in relation to sexuality climacteric in females The midlife transition when fertility declines. Around 40-50 yrs old is when menopause occurs; menstruation is erratic. More of a metamorphosis than a crisis. climacteric in males Midlife transition when fertility declines; Decreases in quantity of sperm after age 40; More problems with impotence and ED, especially around age 60. vaginismus involuntary muscle spasms in the outer part of the vagina that make intercourse impossible impotence inability to achieve an erection dyspareunia difficult or painful intercourse vulvodynia pain in the vulva vestibulitis severe pain only on touch or attempted vaginal entry anticipatory loss experienced before the loss actually occurs anticipatory grief experienced in advance of the event such as the wife who grieves before her ailing husband dies abbreviated grief brief but genuinely felt delayed grief feelings are purposely or subconsciously suppressed until a much later time chronic grief extended in length and severity Disinfranchized Grief when an individual is unable to acknowledge the loss to others 1/7 3000 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ezqtxy inhibited grief many of the normal symptoms of grief are suppressed and other effects, including physiologic, are experienced instead denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance Stages of Grieving denial Refuses to believe that loss is happening anger Client or family may direct anger at nurse or staff about matters that normally would not bother them bargaining Seeks to bargain to avoid loss (e.g., "let me just live until [a certain time] and then I will be ready to die") depression - Grieves over what has happened and what cannot be - May talk freely (e.g., reviewing past losses such as money or job), or may withdraw. acceptance - Comes to terms with loss.- May have decreased interest in surroundings and support people. - May wish to begin making plans (e.g., will, prosthesis, altered living arrangements). professionalism an ethical and legal obligation to maintain client privacy and confidentiality at all times assessing to systematically and continuously collect, validate, and communicate patient data diagnosing analysis of patient data to identify patient strengths and health problems that independent nursing intervention can prevent or resolve Planning the process of anticipating future events and determining strategies to achieve organizational objectives in the future Implementing carry out the plan of care evaluating Comparing observations and data to reach a conclusion about them assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, evaluating Nursing Process (ADPIE) subjective data things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses; symptoms objective data information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by an observer; signs Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, Timely SMART goals Problem r/t etiology AEB S/S Proper phrasing of problem statements/hypotheses 1. Alarm 2. Resistance 3. Exhaustion Stages of GAS alarm stage the first phase of the stress response, in which the person faces a challenge and starts paying attention to it. resistance stage The second stage of the general adaptation syndrome, when there are intense physiological efforts to either resist or adapt to the stressor. exhaustion stage the third stage of the GAS, characterized by weakened resistance and possible deterioration meaning/purpose, identity, love, hope, forgiveness Components of spiritual dimensions open-ended questions questions that allow respondents to answer however they want closed-ended questions Questions that can be answered in short or single word responses. summarizing give a brief statement of the main points of (something). focusing 2/7 3000 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ezqtxy centering a client's thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem. clarifying The process of making sure you have understood the meaning of what was said offering self Making oneself available on an unconditional basis, increasing client's feelings of self-worth offering general leads Allows the other person to take direction in the discussion. Indicates that the nurse is interested in what comes next. 135 to 145 mEq/L Normal serum sodium levels 125 to 140 mEq/L Normal ICF levels of potassium 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L normal serum potassium levels 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL normal total serum calcium level 4.0 to 5.0 mg/dL normal ionized serum calcium level 70-110 mg/dL normal glucose levels Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) One of two highly individualized sleeping states divided into four stages through which a sleeper progresses during a typical sleeping cycle; represents three-fourths of a period of typical sleep. N1 sleep light sleep, theta waves N2 sleep completely lose emotional awareness, theta waves, characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes N3 sleep people experience the deepest stage of sleep, delta waves rapid eye movement (REM) sleep stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream disuse osteoporosis reductions in skeletal mass routinely accompanying immobility or paralysis disuse atrophy Pathological reduction in the normal size of muscle cells due to prolonged inactivity contractures a condition of shortening and hardening of muscles, tendons, or other tissue, often leading to deformity and rigidity of joints. stiffness and pain in the joints Without movement, the collagen (connective) tissues at the joint become ankylosed (permanently immobile) diminished cardiac reserve tachycardia with minimal exertion Increased use of Valsalva maneuver refers to the holding the breath and straining against a closed glottis (hold of breath when attempting to move up in a bed/or giving birth)This interfere with the return blood flow to the heart and coronary arteries. Cardiac arrhythmias can result if the patient has preexisting cardiac disease. Orthostatic (postural) hypotension A temporary fall in blood pressure when a person rapidly changes from a recumbent position to a standing position venous vasodilation and stasis Insufficient contraction of the skeletal muscles and muscles atrophy which makes the skeletal muscles unable to assist in pumping blood back to the heart against gravity. Blood pools in legs causing vasodilation & engorgement. The valves become incompetent (don't function as they should, allowing backward flow of blood and pooling) which increases venous blood pressure. dependent edema Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure. thrombus formation blood clot that remains attached to the vessel wall 3/7 3000 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ezqtxy decreased respiratory movement ventilation is altered in bed resting, immobile patients when their body presses against the rigid bed and reduces chest movement making it difficult to fully expand the lungs. Lack of stretching movements may produce shallow respirations and reduce vital capacity (max amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation) pooling of respiratory secretions inactivity allows secretions to pool by gravity, interfering with normal diffusion of oxygen & carbon dioxide. Cough can be hindered by dehydration, loss of respiratory muscle tone, or sedatives that depress the cough reflex. atelectasis collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli hypostatic pneumonia inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions decreased metabolic rate Less heat is produced negative nitrogen balance Condition occurring when the body excretes more nitrogen than it takes in. anorexia lack or loss of appetite negative calcium balance greater amounts of calcium are extracted from bone than can be replaced urinary stasis stoppage of urine flow; urinary stagnation renal calculi stones in the kidney urinary retention inability to empty the bladder urinary infection infection of kidney, ureter, or bladder constipation Hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate; often a result of too little fiber in the diet reduced skin turgor loss of skin elasticity skin breakdown Any cut or scraping of the skin due to pressure or positioning too long in the same position clear liquid diet a diet that consists of foods that are liquid at room temperature and leave little residue in the intestine. Ex: Water, Sprite, Ginger Ale, all beverages without any residue, broth, Jello full liquid diet Foods liquid at room temp or melt at body temperature; Foods on clear liquid diet PLUS custard, eggnog, strained soups & fruit, vegetable juices; milk & milkshakes; strained cooked cereals; plain ice cream and sherbet; pudding; yogurt sodium restricted diet reduced salt intake for cardiovascular disease and kidney disease Calorie restricted diet For clients requiring weight reduction imagery a two-way communication between the conscious and unconscious mind and involves the whole body and all of its senses relaxation when a muscle returns to its original form distraction one stimulus interfering with the processing of another stimulus gate control theory the theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers and is closed by activity in larger fibers or by information coming from the brain. acute pain pain that is felt suddenly from injury, disease, trauma, or surgery chronic pain Persistent or recurring pain that is often difficult to treat. Includes any pain lasting longer than 3 to 6 months, pain lasting longer than 1 month after healing of an acute injury, or pain that accompanies a nonhealing tissue injury. hypoxia Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood 4/7 3000 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ezqtxy pneumothorax air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall hypoventilation decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs Nonmaleficence duty to do no harm Benificence Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action respect for persons treating persons as autonomous agents and protecting those with diminished autonomy Lopressor (trade) Metoprolol (generic) beta blocker Metoprolol classification Metoprolol Blocks stimulation of beta1 (myocardial) - adrenergic receptors. Does not usually affect beta2 (pulmonary, vascular, uterine) adrenergic receptor sites Metoprolol side effects include: bradycardia, HF, Pulmonary edema, erectile dysfunction, fatigue, weakness Lasix (trade) Furosemide (generic) Loop dieuretic Furosemide classification Furosemide - Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of Henle and distal renal tubule. - Increases renal excretion of water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, and calcium. - Effectiveness persists in impaired renal function. Furosemide Side Effects (most common): Erythema multiforme, Stevens Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, dehydration, hypocalcemia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, metabolic alkalosis Glucophage (trade) Metformin (generic) - Ther. Class - antidiabetics - Pharm. Class - biguanides Metformin classification Metformin - Decreases hepatic glucose production - Decreases intestinal glucose absorption - Increases sensitivity to insulin - Therapeutic Effect: maintenance of blood glucose Metformin Side Effects (most common) - Lactic acidosis (life-threatening), abdominal bloating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting Vicodin (trade) hydrocodone (generic) - Ther. Class - allergy, cold and cough remedies (antitussive) - Pharm. Class - opioid agonists nonopioid analgesic combinations Hydrocodone classification hydrocodone - Bind to opiate receptors in the CNS - Suppress the cough reflex via a direct central action - Therapeutic effects - Decrease severity of moderate pain - Suppression of the cough reflex hydrocodone Side Effects (most common): respiratory depression (life-threatening), hypotension, constipation, dyspepsia, nausea, confusion, dizziness, and sedation Rayos (trade) Prednisone (generic) - Ther. Class - Anti-inflammatories - immune modifiers - Pharm. Class - Corticosteroids Prednisone classification 5/7 3000 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ezqtxy Prednisone - In pharmacologic doses, suppresses inflammation and the normal immune response. - Has numerous intense metabolic effects. - Suppresses adrenal function at chronic doses of 5 mg/day. - Replaces endogenous cortisol in deficiency states. - Has minimal mineralocorticoid activity Prednisone Side Effects (most common) - Peptic ulceration (life-threatening), thromboembolism (life-threatening), depression, euphoria, hypertension, acne, decreased wound healing, ecchymoses, fragility, hirsutism, petechiae, adrenal suppression, anorexia, nausea, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, cushingoid appearance Protonix (trade) Pantoprazole (generic) - Ther. Class - antiulcer agent - Pharm. Class - proton pump inhibitor Pantoprazole classification Pantoprazole - Binds to an enzyme in the presence of acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen. - Therapeutic Effect(s): - Diminished accumulation of acid in the gastric lumen, with lessened acid reflux. - Healing of duodenal ulcers and esophagitis. - Decreased acid secretion in hypersecretory conditions. Pantoprazole Side Effects (most common): Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (life-threatening), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (life-threatening), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (life-threatening), toxic epidermal necrolysis (life-threatening), Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD life-threatening), hypersensitivity reactions (life-threatening) Colace (trade) docusate sodium (generic) - Ther. Class - Laxative - Pharm. Class - Stool softeners docusate sodium classification docusate sodium - Promotes incorporation of water into stool, resulting in softer fecal mass. - May also promote electrolyte and water secretion into the colon. - Therapeutic Effect(s): - Softening and passage of stool. docusate sodium - Derm: rash - EENT: throat irritation - GI: diarrhea, mild cramps Proair Digihaler (trade) Albuterol (generic) - Ther. Class - Bronchodilator - Pharm. Class - Adrenergics Albuterol classification Albuterol - Binds to beta2 -adrenergic receptors in airway smooth muscle, leading to activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased levels of cyclic-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Increases in cAMP activate kinases, which inhibit the phosphorylation of myosin and decrease intracellular calcium. Decreased intracellular calcium relaxes smooth muscle airways. - Relaxation of airway smooth muscle with subsequent bronchodilation. - Relatively selective for beta2 (pulmonary) receptors. - Therapeutic Effect(s): - Bronchodilation Albuterol Side Effects (most common): Paradoxical Bronchospasm (excessive use of inhalers) (life-threatening), chest pain, palpitations, nervousness Augmentin (trade) Amoxicillin Clavulanate (generic) 6/7 3000 Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_ezqtxy - Ther. Class - anti-infectives - Pharm. Class - aminopenicillins beta lactamase inhibitors Augmentin classification Amoxicillin Clavulanate - Binds to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death; spectrum of amoxicillin is broader than penicillin. Clavulanate resists action of beta-lactamase, an enzyme produced by bacteria that is capable of inactivating some penicillins. - Therapeutic Effect(s): - Bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria. Amoxicillin Clavulanate Side Effects (most common): Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (life-threatening), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (life-threatening), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (life-threatening), toxic epidermal necrolysis (life-threatening), clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (life-threatening), seizures (life-threatening), allergic reaction (life-threatening), rash, and diarrhea Jantoven (trade) Warfarin (generic) - Ther. Class - anticoagulant - Pharm. Class - coumarins Warfarin classification Warfarin - Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X). - Therapeutic Effect(s): - Prevention of thromboembolic events. Warfarin Side Effects (most common): Calciphylaxis (life-threatening) and bleeding (life-threatening) 7/7