NUR 212 U3- Perfusion Pt 2- Cardiomyopathy Fall 2024 PDF

Cardiomyopathy Christina Manning, MSN, RN, CWS, COCN, CHRN Cardiomyopathy Group of diseases that affect the heart muscle leading to structural and functional abnormalities. The heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leads to symptoms. Three Main Types: O Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) O Hype...

Cardiomyopathy Christina Manning, MSN, RN, CWS, COCN, CHRN Cardiomyopathy Group of diseases that affect the heart muscle leading to structural and functional abnormalities. The heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, leads to symptoms. Three Main Types: O Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) O Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) O Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) 0  Dilated Cardiomyopathy Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Etiology/ Patho Primary myocardial disorder Genetic or acquired o Ie: alcohol related o May have many other causes Diffuse inflammation and rapid degeneration of heart fibers  Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Clinical Manifestations May be asymptomatic, develop symptoms acutely or slowly over time Symptoms: o Decreased exercise capacity o Fatigue o Dyspnea at rest o Orthopnea Other signs: Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Diagnostics Echocardiography Ejection Fraction Chest X-ray ECG Labs Heart Catheterization Endomyocardial Biopsy Dilated Cardiomyopathy Interventions Primary Goal is to control HF Treatment based on disease progression Pharmacological therapy Non-pharmacological therapy ▪ VAD ▪ Heart transplant Overall poor prognosis  Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Etiology/ Pathophysiology Genetic Asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation Early identification is very important Four main characteristics ▪ Massive ventricular hypertrophy ▪ Rapid, forceful contraction of the left ventricle ▪ Impaired relaxation ▪ Obstruction to aortic outflow Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinical Manifestations May be asymptomatic Others have the following:​ ▪ Exertional dyspnea​ ▪ Fatigue​ ▪ Angina​ ▪ Syncope Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy- Diagnostics Chest palpation Auscultation ECG Echocardiography Heart Catheterization Nuclear Stress Test Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Interventions Goal- Improve ventricular filling Pharmacology Cardioverter-Defibrillator AV Pacing Surgical treatment Non-Surgical Procedures Symptom Relief, Observing + Preventing complications Focused Teaching Dilated Vs Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy  Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Etiology/ Pathophysiology Least common Impairs diastolic filling and stretch Specific cause unknown Ventricular wall becomes stiff Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Clinical manifestations Classic symptoms: ▪ Fatigue ▪ Exercise intolerance ▪ Dyspnea May have additional symptoms Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Diagnostics Chest X-ray EKG Echocardiography Endomyocardial biopsy CT scan Nuclear imaging Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Manifestations of CVD Interventions No specific treatment Conventional therapy for heart failure and dysrhythmias Heart transplant Nursing care- Similar to HF Patient education Cardiomyopathy: Patient/ Family Education Medications Diet Fluids Activity When to call the provider Caregivers should learn CPR  Nursing Diagnoses for Cardiomyopathy Impai red G as Exchang e Decreased C ardiac Output Ac tivi ty Intolerance Inef fec tive Co ping Excess Fluid Volume Fluid Volume Defi cit Ri sk for Infection Impai red Ti ssue Perfusion Anx iety Al tered Nutritio n: Less than Bo dy requirements Knowledge Defi cit ( Risk fo r) Impaired Sk in Integrity  References A d a m s , M. , H o ll a n d , N. , & U r b a n , C. ( 20 2 0). D r ug s f o r h e a r t f a i lu r e. P ha r ma c o l o g y fo r N u rs e s : A P at h o p h y s i o l o g i c A p pr o a c h , ( 6 t h e d. , p p. 3 7 2 - 3 8 6). Pe a r s o n. I g n a t a v i ci us. D. D. , W o r k m a n , M. L. , & R e b a r , C. R. (2 02 1 ). A s s e s s m e n t o f t h e c a r d i o va s cu la r s y s t e m. I n N. M. H e im g a r t n e r ( e d. ) , M e di c al - s u rg i c a l n u r s i n g: C o n c e pt s f o r i n t e r pr o f e s s i o n al c o l la b o r a t i v e c a re ( 10 t h e d. , p p. 61 1 - 6 3 4). E l s e v ie r. I g n a t a v i ci us. D. D. , W o r k m a n , M. L. , & R e b a r , C. R. (2 02 1 ). C o n ce p t s o f ca r e f o r p a t i e n t s w i t h ca r d i a c p r o b l e m s. I n N. M. H e im g a r t n e r ( e d. ) , M e di c al - s u rg i c a l n u r s i n g: C o n c e pt s f o r i n t e r pr o f e s s i o n al c o ll ab o ra t i v e c a re ( 10 t h e d. , p p. 66 5 - 6 9 6 ). E l s e v i e r. H a r d i n g , M. M. , Kw o n g , J. , H a g l er , D. , & R e i n i sc h , C. ( 2 0 2 3 ). L e w i s ' s m ed i c al - s u r g i ca l n u r s i n g : A s s e s s m en t a n d m a n a g em en t o f cl i n i ca l p r o b l em s ( 1 2 t h e d. ). E l s e vi e r. P er r y , S. E. , L o w d er m i lk , D. L. , Al d en , K. R. , O ls h a ns k y , E. F. , & H o c k en b e r r y , M. J. (2 0 22 ). Ca r d i o v a s c u l a r d y s f u nc t i o n. I n M. J. H o ck e n b e r r y (e d. ), M at er n al c h i ld n ur s i n g c a r e ( 7 t h e d. , p p. 12 2 2 - 1 26 3 ). El sev i er.