NSTPCWTS-Module-1-Student PDF

LESSON 1.1 Citizenship Training The Philippine Constitution …known from the golden tongue of our eloquent orators as: “the Pearl of the Orient Seas”; “the Gateway to the far East”; “the Citadel of Democracy”; “the Seat of Christianity”… Philippines… my Philippines! https://i.pinimg.com/736x/9e/99/25/9e992524f5a397 e9fff2bc38a1fefef3--graphics-google-search.jpg ABSTRACTION T he term ―constitution‖ particularly refers to a ―set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed‖ (Yusay, 2015). It is important because it serves as the framework and basis of all other laws. Furthermore, it outlines the rights of the citizens and it protects us from unlawful persecutions even from our own government. The Constitution of the Philippines, also called the “Saligang Batás ng Pilipinas” or as popularly known as the 1987 Constitution, is the constitution or supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines adopted on October 15, 1986 and ratified on February 2, 1987 under the administration of former President Corazón C. Aquino. Philippine constitutional law experts recognize three other previous constitutions as having effectively governed the country, namely, the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution, the 1973 Constitution, and the 1986 Freedom Constitution (Yusay, 2015). LESSON 1.1.1 Citizenship Training The Preamble LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the session, students are expected to: a. define ―preamble‖; b. discuss the significant role of the preamble in a particular constitution; c. recite the preamble of the Philippines‘ 1987 Constitution. INTRODUCTION A preamble is simply defined as an ―introductory‖ and ―expressionary‖ statement in a document that explains the document's purpose and underlying philosophy. When applied to the opening paragraphs of a statute, it may recite historical facts pertinent to the subject of the statute. Meanwhile, it is distinct from the long title or enacting formula of a law. It is an important thing to note, however, that the ―preamble‖ is not a part of the Constitutions or a source of rights. But it can certainly be referred to in knowing the aims or purposes of the Constitutions. The Preamble, according to Dean Vicente Sinco (1958), “performs a vital function in a constitution. Its value is not merely formal but real and substantive. It is to the constitution what the enacting clause is to a statue. The authenticity of the authorship of the constitution is made patent in the preamble. Without this or something equivalent to it, the source of authority that gives valid force to the constitutional mandates may lie concealed, perhaps left to the dangers of uncertain conjectures. PRESENTATION The Preamble of the Philippine Constitution We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution. To simplify, it is necessary to understand that it shall be the sovereign Filipino people, basically, through the facilities and structures of government and through people‘s organization. As it was said that preamble performs a vital function in a constitution. Its value is not merely formal but real and substantive. It is to the constitution what the enacting clause is to a statue. The authenticity of the authorship of the constitution is made patent in the preamble. Without this or something equivalent to it, the source of authority that gives valid force to the constitutional mandates may lie concealed, perhaps left to the dangers of uncertain conjectures (Sinco, 1958). Thus, it was pointed out that ―general welfare‖ should really mean “ikabubuti ng nakararami” while ―common good‖ shall mean “ikabubuti ng lahat”. Thus, all efforts and rules of society and government should be for the welfare of all, without exceptions. ―The patrimony of the Nation‖ now read ―our patrimony‖, to make it more emphatic, a Nolledo amendment. The words ―blessings of independence and democracy‖, an Edmundo Garcia amendment, to underscore the importance of true independence even in the presence of democratic beliefs and practices. Meanwhile, ―love‖ is also found in the preamble, an amendment by Bishop Teodoro Bacani, to assert the need for love in the face of divisions and discords that take place among our people because of varying political and social beliefs, practices, and persuasions. Moreover, the previous phrase ―imploring the aid of Divine Providence‖ now appears as ―imploring the aid of Almighty God‖, to make the reference to God more personal and direct. And by invoking God in the preamble, Jose Laurel, Sr. said, the Filipino people ―thereby manifested their intense religious nature and place unfaltering reliance upon Him who guides the destinies of men and nations.‖ LESSON 1.1.2 Citizenship Training The Bill of Rights LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the session, students are expected to: a. enumerate the classifications of rights ; b. explain the significance of having ―rights‖; c. recite the Constitutional rights stipulated under Article III of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. INTRODUCTION The Article III of the Philippine Constitution, 1987 Constitution in particular, is the Bill of Rights. It establishes the relationship of the individual to the State and defines the rights of the individual by limiting the lawful powers of the State. It is one of the most important political achievements of the Filipinos. The concept of a Bill of Rights, as such, is essentially an occidental product. For a number of centuries in British, French, and American political thought, there has grown the conviction that the rights of the individual must be preserved and safeguarded, not through the authority of an individual, not through membership in a particular group or party, not through reliance upon force of arms, but rather through the accepted processes of declared constitutional law (Smith, 1945). Such being said, it is henceforth truthful to say that the Bill of Rights is a declaration and enumeration of a person‘s rights and privileges which the Constitution is designed to protect against violation by the government, or by individual or groups of individuals. It is a charter of liberties for the individual and a limitation upon the power of the State. On the following page, all the rights stipulated in the twenty two (22) sections under Article 3 of the Philippine Constitution are provided. To simply put, there are three (3) general classifications of rights: the natural rights, the constitutional rights, and the statutory rights. Natural rights are those possessed by every citizen without being granted by the State for they are given to man by God as human being created to His image that he may live a happy life. On the other hand, Constitutional rights are those that are conferred and protected by the Constitution while the Statutory rights are those that are provided by law, promulgated by the law-making body and consequently may be abolished by the same body. These latter rights may be: (1) political rights which basically refer to the power to participate directly or indirectly in the establishment or administration of the government; (2) civil rights or the law which secures private individuals for the purpose of securing enjoyment of their means of happiness; (3) social and economic rights which are intended to insure the well–being and economic security of an individual; and (4) rights of the accused which are intended for the protection of a person accused of any crime (Rich-Saber, 2014) In the memorable words of Thomas Jefferson, it was mentioned that “all men were created equal and independent – that from equal creation, they derive rights inherent and unalienable, among which is the right to the preservation of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” As such, these rights were preserved by the government by virtue of Article III of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines accessed from the Presidential Communications Operations Office (PCOO) EDP/IT Division (2020). The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines Article III Bill of Rights Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws. Section 2. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after examination under oath or affirmation of the complainant and the witnesses he may produce, and particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons or hings to be seized. Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the court, or when public safety or order requires otherwise, as prescribed by law. (2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the preceding section shall be inadmissible for any purpose in any proceeding. Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious profession and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing the same within the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be impaired except in the interest of national security, public safety, or public health, as may be provided by law. Section 7. The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents and papers pertaining to official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations as may be provided by law. Section 8. The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. Section 9. Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he must be provided with one. These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel. (2) No torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate the free will shall be used against him. Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited. (3) Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against him. (4) The law shall provide for penal and civil sanctions for violations of this section as well as compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of torture or similar practices, and their families. Section 13. All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required. Section 14. (1) No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law. (2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accused provided that he has been duly notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable. Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public safety requires it. Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies. Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. Section 18. (1) No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. (2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted. Section 19. (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua. (2) The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law. Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax. Section 21. No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act. Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted. LESSON 1.1.3 Citizenship Training Duties and Responsibilities of a Filipino Citizen LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the session, students are expected to: a. identify their individual duties and responsibilities as a member of the society; b. reflect on what they have done and what they could still do for the nation-building; c. make a personal ―oath‖ of carrying out their individual duties and responsibilities as a Filipino citizen. INTRODUCTION Since forever until nowadays, it is observed that most of us, Filipinos, are more concerned with our rights and entitlements as citizens than with our duties and obligations to our nation and government. We tend to easily ―freak out‖ when someone seems to step over our so-called ―rights‖, meanwhile in the contrary, we tend to just overlook theirs. In such a case, perhaps, the proposed Bill of Duties to Complement the Bill of Rights in our 1987 Constitution is of great relevance. In the Draft Constitution for a Federal Republic of the Philippines with a Parliamentary Government, the CMFP proposed a new Bill of Duties and Obligations to complement the Bill of Rights in the 1987 Constitution so as to make it clear to the Filipino citizens that accompanying our ―rights‖ are ―duties and responsibilities‖ that each of us is and should be required to perform. It was thought that the Article on the Bill of Rights and the proposed Article on the Bill of Duties and Obligations would be very helpful in the civic education and training of responsible and accountable citizens and leaders. While respecting freedom of worship, it is also urged that citizens should be assisted by concerned leaders and institutions in their spiritual development—to round out their civic and political education. PRESENTATION John F. Kennedy once said in his inaugural speech: ―Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.‖ Our society today seems to suffer from an excess of selfish individualism (wala akong paki-alam sa inyo; bahala na kayo); materialism (materialismo, hindi espiritual); and secularism (makamundo, hindi maka-Diyos). On the other hand, we have these important reminders over many years. “Bayan muna, bago ang sarili! (―Nation before self.‖) This is a nationalistic reminder to all Filipinos as a sign of our love of country. Dr. Jose Rizal (1892) said: ―…the thought of my whole life has always been love of my country and her moral and material development‖. In addition, in his Dekalogo (1893), Andres Bonifacio said: ―Always bear in mind that the true love of God is the love of country, and that this love is also the true love of thy fellowmen.‖ Furthermore, Apolinario Mabini suggested to ―procure thy country‘s happiness before thine own, making her a kingdom of reason, justice and labor, for if she is happy, happy will also be thou and thy family‖ (1898). Moreover, for his part, Manuel L. Quezon emphasized that ―we must imbue our whole citizenry with a spirit of heroic patriotism. For a country as small and with such limited wealth as the Philippines, ordinary patriotism is not enough to insure its security. Heroic patriotism is necessary—a patriotism that is devotion, loyalty, and courage that rises to the heights of self-sacrifice‖ (1939). Being the biggest congregation in the Philippines, the Catholic Church stressed that ―Filipinism”, which is nationalism for Filipinos, means ―hard work and generous sacrifice for the welfare of the Philippines in the temporal order, genuine love of Filipino culture in its nobler aspects, sincere appreciation of our historic past, honesty in public as well as in private life, mutual cooperation in common endeavors, scrupulous administration of public affairs, faithful compliance with laws, unselfish acceptance of the burden of services required by the nation, payment of taxes and sincere love for national symbols and institutions‖ (1959). Therefore, as citizens in a developing democracy, we should balance our emphasis on individual rights and privileges with a much stronger sense of individual, collective and communitarian duties and obligations. In this way, many more citizens can become patriotic, responsible and effective citizens—in solidarity with our kapwa Pilipino. We can then build a cohesive national community, a working democracy, and a peaceful, nonkillng, just and humane society. Accordingly, the Constitution for a Federal Republic of the Philippine (CMFP) Draft Constitution headed by J.V. Abueva (2014) has Article V. Bill of Duties and Obligations immediately after Article IV. Bill of Rights. To note, both the 1935 Constitution and the 1987 Constitution do not have a Bill of Duties of the Filipino citizens. The proposed CMFP Article V. Bill of Duties and Obligations stipulates the following: SECTION 1. LOYALTY, OBEDIENCE, COOPERATION. It shall be the duty of the citizen to be loyal to the Federal Republic of the Philippines and to honor the Philippine flag, to defend the State and contribute to its development and welfare, to uphold the Constitution and obey the laws, pay taxes, and cooperate with the duly constituted authorities in the attainment and preservation of a peaceful, just, and orderly society. SECTION 2. CORRELATIVE DUTY. The rights of the individual impose upon him or her correlative duty to exercise them responsibly and with due regard for the rights of others. SECTION 3. HUMAN LIFE, DIGNITY, RIGHTS. Citizens shall respect the life and dignity of every human person and help uphold human rights whenever these are threatened or violated. The State and the citizens shall prevent and prohibit the killing of humans in any form and for whatever purpose. SECTION 4. DUTY TO WORK. It shall be the duty of every citizen to engage in gainful work and to work well to assure himself/herself and his/her family a life worthy of human dignity. SECTION 5. CIVIC, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION. It shall be the duty and obligation of every citizen qualified to vote to register and cast his or her vote at every election, to participate actively in other public and civic affairs, and to contribute to good governance, honesty and integrity in the public service and the vitality and viability of democracy. Citizens shall enhance their civic efficiency and political effectiveness by their involvement in people‟s organizations, non-governmental organizations, civic and professional associations, community associations, or political parties, as well as in discussions on public issues. SECTION 6. PROMOTE EQUITY, SOCIAL JUSTICE. In their own homes, in the workplace, and in their various organizations and institutions, citizens shall cooperate in the promotion of equity and social justice for the good of all. SECTION 7. RESPONSIBILITY OF YOUTH. The youth shall assume their responsibility in developing their social, economic, intellectual and moral well-being. They shall develop their patriotism and nationalism and their civic and political competence in order to serve the common good and national interest and their own welfare. SECTION 8. HEALTH, ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT. Citizens shall exercise their right to a balanced and healthful ecology, and contribute to the maintenance of a clean, enjoyable and sustainable environment. REFERENCE/S Abueva, J.V. (2014). Our Rights and Duties as Citizens. The Bohol Chronicle. Retrieved September 2020 from https://joseabueva.wordpress.com/2014/07/20/our- rights-and-duties-as-citizens/ Presidential Communications Operations Office (PCOO) EDP/IT Division (2020). The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines – Article III. The Philippine Constitutions. Retrieved September 2020 from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the- republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the- philippines-article-iii/ Rich-Saber, E. (2014). Concept of Bill of Rights (Philippines). SlideShare: Law. Retrieved September 2020 from https://www.slideshare.net/RichSaber/ concept-of-bill-of-rights. Sinco, V. G. (1958). Creative Commons Attribution. Biography.Lawi.Asia. Retrieved September 2020 from https://biography.lawi.asia/vicente-g-sinco/ Smith, R. (1945). The Philippine Bill of Rights. The Far Eastern Quarterly, 4(2), 170- 181. doi:10.2307/2048968 Yusay, K.L. (2015). Constitution Summary. Report on Philippine Constitution. Retrieved September 5, 2020 from https://kimberlyyusay.blogspot.com/ LESSON 1.2 Citizenship Training Flag Heraldic Code of the Philippines (RA 8491, s. 198) LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the session, students are expected to: a. Explain the salient points of the Republic Act 8491; and b. Develop a positive attitude towards the importance of complying with the standard expressions of respect for the country‘s national symbols. INTRODUCTION An act prescribing the code of the national flag, anthem, motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices of the Philippines and signed into law by President Fidel V. Ramos on February 12, 1998. The Philippine Flag A flags is a sacred and respected feature of the nation which it symbolizes. Each nation‘s flag has a specific way in which it should be displayed and folded. Our national flag is the symbol of our country. It shows our unity as a people. It stands for our high ideals and noble heritage. Therefore, when you show respect for the flag, you also show respect for our country and people. One way to show respect is to handle the flag properly. The Philippine National Flag is said to be the primary symbol of the nation‘s camaraderie, solidarity and unity. It is therefore, the symbol of nationalism and patriotism in our country. And so, let us learn more about its history and origin. The national flag of the Philippines is a horizontal bicolor with equal bands of blue and red, and with a white equilateral triangle based at the hoist side; in the center of the triangle is a golden yellow sun with eight primary rays, each containing three individual rays; and at each corner of the triangle is a five pointed golden yellow star. The flag was first conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo. The first flag was sewn in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Doña DelfinaHerbosa de Natividad, niece of Jose Rizal, the Philippines national hero. The flag is displayed with the blue field on top in times of peace, and with the red field on top in times of war. The Philippine flag is unique in the sense that it can indicate a state of war when the red field is displayed on top or on the observer‘s left when the flag is displayed vertically, with the white equilateral triangle at the top end. The Philippine Flag Construction The flag‘s length is twice its width, which translates into an aspect ratio of 1:2. The length of all the sides of the white triangle is equal to the width of the flag. Each star is oriented in such manner that one of its tips points towards the vertex at which it is located. Flag Protocol The flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official residences, public plazas, and schools every day throughout the year. The days of the 28th of May (National Flag Day) and the 12 th of June (Independence Day) are designated as flag days, during which all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of government, business establishment, institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display the flag. But in recent years, the flag days are now from May 28 to June 30 yearly. By law, the Philippine flag must be permanently hoisted and illuminated at night at the following locations: 1. Malacañang Palace, the Presidential Residence 2. The Congress of the Philippines buildings: a. Senate of the Philippines building b. House of Representatives of the Philippines building (BatasangPambansa Complex) 3. Supreme Court of the Philippines building 4. The Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila 5. Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite 6. Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan 7. Tomb of the Unknown Soldiers 8. Mausoleo de los Veteranos de la Revolución 9. All international ports of entry 10. All other places as may be designated by the National Historical Institute Half-mast The flag may be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning. Upon the official announcement of the death of the President or a former President, the flag should be flown at half-mast for ten days. The flag should be flown at half-mast for seven days following the death of the Vice President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The flag may also be required to fly at half-mast upon the death of other persons to be determined by the National Historical Institute, for a period less than seven days. The flag shall be flown at half-mast on all the buildings and places where the decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of interment of an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by the National Historical Institute. When flown at half-mast, the flag should be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then lowered to the half-mast position. It should be raised to the peak again before it is lowered for the day. Folding the Flag 1. Hold the flag at each of its four corners and pull it taut. The folder holds the corners at the end with the blue and red fields. 2. Fold the flag in half, lengthwise, with the red field covering the blue field, Pull it taut again making sure the open side‘s edges are flush with one another. 3. Fold it in half again, the closed side over the open side, again maintaining the flattening tension and parallel, flush edges on the open side. The blue field should now be displayed face up. 4. Take the closed side‘s blue field corner and fold it over the open side such that what was the bottom edge is now parallel and flush with the open side forming a right triangle (a triangle with ninety-degree angle). 5. At the right angle, fold the flag again such that a new right triangle is formed, still keeping the open edges parallel. 6. Fold the right-angled corner of the new triangle over such that it forms a new right triangle with what had been the bottom edge now flush with the side of the flag below it. 7. Continue this sequence of folds creating right triangles until the flag is completely folded into a right triangular bundle. The white field and yellow sun should now predominate in the visible areas of the flag. Prohibited Acts According to Republic Act 8491 itself, the flag cannot be used in the following rationales: 1. Defacing or ridiculing the flag by dipping the flag as a salute, or adding additional marks on the flag; 2. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth, a covering, or as a part of costume or a uniform; 3. As a trademark or for commercial or agricultural labels or designs; 4. As part of merchandise or in any advertisement or infomercial; and 5. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles. Moreover, the flag may not be displayed ―horizontally face-up, or under any painting, picture or platform‖. It may also not be displayed in ―discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints and places of vice or where frivolity prevails‖. Pledge The Pledge of Allegiance to the Philippine flag, ―Panunumpa saWatawat‖ (distinct from the Patriotic Oath of Allegiance, ―Panatang Makabayan‖) should be recited while standing with the right hand with palm open raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making such pledge are permitted to excuse themselves, but are required by law to show full respect when the pledge is being rendered by standing at attention. PanunumpasaWatawat English Translation Ako ay Pilipino I am a Filipino Buong katapatang nanunumpa I pledge my allegiance Sa watawat ng Pilipinas To the flag of the Philippines At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag And to the country it represents Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang With honor, justice, and freedom Maka-Diyos Put in motion by one nation Maka-tao For God Makakalikasan at for the People, Makabansa. for Nature and for the Country. The law makes no statement regarding the language in which the pledge must be recited, but the pledge is written (and therefore recited) in the Filipino language. The National Anthem The National Anthem is entitled Lupang Hinirang. The National Anthem shall always be sung in the national language within or without the country. The following shall be the lyrics of the National Anthem: Bayang magiliw, Perlas ng silanganan Alab ng puso, Sa dibdib mo'y buhay. Lupang Hinirang, Duyan ka ng magiting, Sa manlulupig, Di ka pasisiil. Sa dagat at bundok, Sa simoy at sa langit mong bughaw, May dilag ang tula, At awit sa paglayang minamahal. Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y Tagumpay na nagnininging, Ang bituin at araw niya, Kailan pa ma'y di magdidilim, Lupa ng araw ng luwalhati't pagsinta, Buhay ay langit sa piling mo, Aming ligaya na pag may mang-aapi, The rendition of the National Anthem, whether played or sung, shall be in accordance with the musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe. When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether by a band or by singing or both, or reproduced by any means, the attending public shall sing the anthem. The singing must be done with fervor. As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the Philippine flag, if there is one displayed, and if there is none, they shall face the band or the conductor. At the first note, all persons shall execute a salute by placing their right palms over their left chests. Those in military, scouting, citizens military training and security guard uniforms shall give the salute prescribed by their regulations. The salute shall be completed upon the last note of the anthem. The anthem shall not be played and sung for mere recreation, amusement or entertainment purposes except on the following occasions: 1. International competitions where the Philippines is the host or has a representative; 2. Local competitions; 3. During the ―signing off‖ and ―signing on‖ of radio broadcasting and televisions stations; 4. Before the initial and last screening of films and before the opening of theater performances; and 5. Other occasions as may be allowed by the Institute. All officials and employees if the national and local government, and any agency or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or controlled corporations, privately-owned entities or offices displaying the national flag and government institutions of learning are hereby directed to comply strictly with the rules prescribed for the rendition of the anthem. Failure to observe the rules shall be a ground for administrative discipline. The National Motto The National Motto shall be ―Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa‖. The National Coat-of-Arms The National Coat-of-Arms shall have: Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three (3) mullets equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all the sun rayonnant with eight minor and lesser rays. Beneath shall be the scroll with the words ―REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS,‖ inscribed thereon. The Great Seal The Great Seal shall be circular in form, with the arms as prescribed in the preceding section, but without the scroll and the inscription thereon. Surrounding the whole shall be a double marginal circle within which shall appear the words ―Republika ng Pilipinas‖. For the purpose of placing The Great Seal, the color of the arms shall not be deemed essential but tincture representation must be used. The Great Seal shall also bear the National Motto. The Great Seal shall be affixed to or placed upon all commissions signed by the President and upon such other official documents and papers of the Republic of the Philippines as may be provided by law, or as may be required by custom and usage. The President shall have custody of the Great Seal. The 12 Little Things We Can Do for Country are Small Acts Of Patriotism First: Follow traffic rules. Follow the law 1. Traffic rules are the most basic of our country‘s laws. If we learn to follow them, it could be the lowest form of national discipline we can develop as a people. A culture of discipline is crucial to our destiny as a nation. 2. Whenever we follow traffic rules, we show our love for our neighbor, our love for the Filipino. Second: Always ask for an official receipt 1. Asking for ORs leads to higher tax collections; which means more funds for our government, which could strengthen our economy and lead us to progress. 2. Whenever we help our government in helping our people, we show our love for our neighbors. Third: Don’t buy smuggled goods. Buy Local. Buy Filipino 1. Our money should support our economy, not the economy of other countries. Buying Pilipino means supporting the Filipino. 2. Whenever we support one another as Filipinos, we show our love for our neighbors. Fourth: Speak positively about us and our country 1. Every Filipino is an ambassador of our country. Each one of us, wherever we maybe, is a salesman of our country. 2. Whenever we speak positively our people, we show our love for our neighbors. Fifth: Respect your traffic officer, policeman & other public servants 1. Respect honors and dignifies a man. It compels him to do his job right. 2. There is love of neighbor whenever we respect those in authority. Sixth: Throw your garbage properly. Segregate. Recycle. Conserve 1. Philippines is the country given to us as a people. It is the birthplace of our race. It is the home of the Filipino. We should keep it beautiful. 2. When we keep our environment and our country clean, we show our love for our people. Seventh: Support your Church 1. When we help our church, we help our Creator in His works on earth. 2. Whenever we help our church, we show love for our neighbor. Eight: During elections, do your solemn duty 1. When we fight for our votes, we fight for our right to make our own destiny, as a people and as a nation. 2. There is love of neighbor when we elect good leaders for our country and people. Ninth: Pay your employees well 1. A company must bring prosperity not only to its owners but also to its employees. Blessings must be shared. It builds families. It builds our nation. 2. There is love of neighbor when we value and pay our employees appropriately. Tenth: Pay your taxes 1. Taxes are the lifeblood of our government. It is what builds our public schools, hospitals and roads. It is what pays our teachers, soldiers and other public servants. 2. There is love of neighbor whenever we pay our taxes properly so our government can help more people. Eleventh: Adopt a scholar or a poor child 1. Investing on our youth is investing on our country‘s future. Every family who can afford should adopt one poor child as a scholar. 2. There is love of neighbor whenever we help a child get an education. Twelfth: Be a good parent. Teach your kids to love our country 1. If we start planting seeds of patriotism in the hearts and minds of our youth today, they would become giant patriots of our country someday. 2. There is love of neighbor whenever we teach and raise our children as patriots, by loving our country through loving our people. Love of neighbor, God‘s Second Highest Commandment, is contained in each of these 12 Little Things. REFERENCE/S: Labugen, Ed.D., et.al. (2010). Understanding the National Service Training Program. 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Discuss the Good Citizenship Values b. Enumerate some basic Filipino Values c. Mention situations which Filipino Values are delineate INTRODUCTION A good Filipino citizen is one who plays an active role as a member of the society. Someone must fulfill their duties and obligations to the government and society and someone must possess the traits of respectfulness, courtesy, punctuality, promptness, and good moral conduct. Everyone is entitled to be a good citizens by living according to good citizenship values which we can derive from the preamble of the constitution- Faith in God, Unity, Patriotism, Work, Respect for Life, Law, Government, Truth, Justice, Freedom, Love Equality, Peace, Promotion of the Common Good, concern for the family and future generations, concern for the environment and order. These are some of our values as a Filipino which makes us good citizens if we live with them. All we need is the will to live these values, this is the better way to turn things towards a better world. We have to promote a good citizenship that is values-based and values-driven. PRESENTATION The Good Citizenship Values (Based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution) 1. PAGKAMAKA-DIYOS Faith in the Almighty. We want God to be present in our lives. We always want to have a strong relationship with God. Jesus Said to them “Have faith in God, whoever says to the mountain, be lifted up and thrown to the sea‟, and does not doubt in his heart but believes that what he says will happen, it shall be done for him. Mark 11:22-23 “For just as a body without a spirit is dead, so also faith without work is dead” James 3:26 “The only limit of our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today; let us move forward with strong and active faith” Franklin D. Roosevelt Respect for life. We want all human life to be preserved nurtured and safeguarded “God created man in his image, in the divine image he created him, male and female he created them” Genesis 1:27 “Do you not know that the body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God, and that you are not your own?For you have been purchased at a price. Therefore glorify God in your body” 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 “I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full” John 10:10 “Life is a raw material. We are artisans, we can sculpt our existence into something beautiful, or debase it into ugliness. It‟s in your hands” Cathy Better Order. We want organization, system and predictability in all aspects of our daily lives. “Then Jesus entered the temple area and preceeded to those who were selling things, saying to them , „It is my written, „ My house shall be a house of prayer, but you made it a den of thieves” Luke19:45-46 “God is not the God of disorder but of peace” 1 Corinthians 14:33 “Order is the sanity of the mind , the health of the body, the peace of the city, the security of the state. As the beams of the house, as the bones of the body, so is order to al things” Southey Work. Everyone wants to have a stable job that would support the basic needs of the family “These days you shall labor and do all your works; on the sevetn dayyou shall rest” Exodus 20:9-10 “A man will not work, he shall not eat” 2 Thessalonians 3:10 “Give fish to a man and he will have food to ea for a day; teach him how to fish and shall have food to eat throughtout his lifetime” Confucius Concern for the family and future generations. We always want the best for our family, for every single member in the present anf future generations. “From the beginning the Creator “made them male and female and said, for this reason a man shall leave his father and mother and be joined with his wife, and the the two shall become one flesh‟. So they are no longer two but one flesh. Therefore, what God has joined together , let no man put asunder” Matthew 19:4-7 “When his parents saw Him, they were astonished, and his mother said to him, „Son, why have you done this to us? Your father and I have been looking for you with great anxiety....‟ He went down with them to nazareth, and was obedient to them; and his mother kept all these things in her heart” Luke 3:48-49, 51-52 “Pilipino sa sino man ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan” Francisco Balagtas 2. PAGKAMAKA-TAO Love. We want that each of us desire to love and be loved. Love begets love. If love reigns in our hearts, harmonious relationship of all the people will prevail. “Love is patient and kind, love is not jealous or boastful; love is not ill mannered or selfish and irritable; love does not keep a record of the wrongs; love is not happy with evil but delight in the truth. Love never gives up. Love never fails. Love is eternal...There are faith , hope and love and the greatest of these is love.” 1 Corinthians 13 “I give you a new commandment; love one another” John 13:34 “Love is the fulfillment of the law” Roman 13:10 “When man has love, he is no longer at the mercy of forces greater than himself for he, himself becomes the powerful force” Leo Buscaglia “Love is the will to extend oneself for the purpose of nurturingone‟s own or another‟s spiritual growth” M. Scott Peck Freedom. We want that each of us be able to exercise our freedom of will. “For you were called for freedom, brothers but do not use this freedom as an opportunity for the flesh; rather serve one another through love” Galatians 5:13 “Freedom consists not in doing what we like, but in having the right to do what we are ought” Pope John Paul II “The great gift of being a human being lies in our freedom to continually right our wrongs and make new persons of ourselveS” Wang Yang Ming “He that would make his own liberty secure, must guard even that of his enemies; for if he violates his duty, he establishes a precedent that will reach himself” Thomas Paine Peace. We want to live in a serene and a secured community with a harmonious relationship with our neighborhood. A place which is tranquil, could expect harmony between others, and us as well as the government. “Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to men of goodwill” Luke 2:14 “Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God” Mt. 5:9 “Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defences of peace must be constructed” UNESCO Constitution Truth. We want that we ourselves and others be true; that truth reigns in our land. “If you remain in my word, you will truly be my desciples, and you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free” John 8 31:32 But whoever lives the truth comes to the light, so that his good works may be clearly seen as done in God John 3:21 “The truth can be hidden for a time , but it cannot be overcome” St. Augustine Justice. We want that everyone be given what is due him/her as a human being, and that what govern all relationship is morally and legally right “Treat others the way you want to have them treat you” Matthew 7:12 “But zacchaeus stood there and said to the lord, “behold, half of my possession, Lord, I shall give to the poor, and if I have extorded anything from anyone, I shall repay it four times over”. And jesus said to him, „Today salvation has come to his house” Luke 19:8-9 You, Lord are just in all your ways, faithful in all your works. Psalm 145:7 The law is not the private property of lawyers, nor in justice the inclusive province af judges and juries. In the final analysis, true justice is not a matter of courts and law books, but a commitment in each of us to liberty and mutual respect Jim Carter Injustice anywhereis a threat to justice everywhere Martin Luther King Jr. 3. PAGKAMAKA-BAYAN Unity. We want to be one as a people. We cherish oneness-as co-citizens of our country, as members of our family, as co-workers in an institution. Behold how good and pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity Psalms 133:1 If a kingdom is divided againts itself, the kingdom cannot stand. And if a house is divided againts itself, that house will not be able to stand Mark 3:24-25 Make my joy complete by being of the same mind, maintaining the same love, united in spirit, intent on one purpose Philippians 2:2 As a body is one though it has many parts, and all the parts of the body, though many, are one body, so also christ 1 Corinthians 12:12 Remember upon the conduct of each depends the fate of all Alexander the Great Equality. We want that each of us have the opportunity to be fully human, and that no one be the victim of prejudices or biases of any kind, and that the interest of one not be sacrificed againts his will for the good of another. Then God said: Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. Genesis 1:26 Injure not the poor because they are poor, nor crush the needy at the gate; for the lord will defend their course Proverbs 22;22-23 We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with inalienable rights; that among thses are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Thomas Jefferson Now is the time to open the doos of opportunity to all of God‟s children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quick sands of njustice to the solid rock of brotherhood Martin Luther King Jr. Respect for law and Government.We want that the rule of law be uphold by all and at all the times, that the government be accorded, respect and all laws be complied with. “The show that the demands of the law are written in their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness and the conflictng thoughts accuse or even defend them” Romans 13:1-3 “Let every person be subordinate to the higher authorities, for there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been established by God. Therefore whoever resists authority opposes what God has appointed, and those that oppose it will bring judgement upon themselves. For rulers are not a cause of fear to good conduct , but to evil” Romans 13:1-3 Where law ends, there tyranny begins William Pitt Patriotsm. We want the best for our country. We want our country be respected and honored by its citizenry and the whole world. “For whoever wishes to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it” Mark 8:35 “The Filipino is worth dying for” Sen. Benigno Aquino Jr. “Patriotism is not a short outburst of emotions but a lifetime of dedication” Adlai E. Steveson “The willing sacrifice of the innocent is the most powerful answer to insolent tyranny that has yet been conceived by God and man” Mahatma Gandhi Promotion of the Common Good. We want all filipinos to meet the basic minimum needs and to have opportunities to develop and use our God given potentials. “All who believed were together and had all things in common; they would sell their properly and possessions and divided them among all according to each one‟s need” Acts 2:44-45 “Common good is a substantial and extremely fertile estate; no crowding or diminishmment as it shared with others” St. Augustine 4. PAGKAMAKA-KALIKASAN Concern for the environment. We want the environment to be preserved and nurtured and for ourselves and for others to be good stewards of the environment “Let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, the birds of the air and the cattle, and over all the wild animals and all the creatures that crawl on the groud Genesis 1:26 “You visit the earth and water it, make it abundant fertile. God‟s stream if filled with water, with it you supply the world with grain. Thus do you prepare the earth ; you drench plowed furrows and level their ridges. With showers you keep the groud soft, blessing its young sprouts” Psalm 65:10-11 “How long can mem thrive between walls of brick, walking on asphalt pavements, breathing the fumes of coal and of oil, growing, working, dying, with hardly a thought of wind, and sky, and fields of grain, seeingonly machine-made beauty, by mineral-like quality of life?” Charles A. lindbergh “For 200 years we‟ve been conquering nature. Now we‟re beating it to death” Tom McMillan LESSON 1.4 Citizenship Training Voter Citizenship Education LEARNING OBJECTIVES: At the end of the session, students are expected to: a. Define Suffrage b. Know the Election Process INTRODUCTION Your Vote. Our Future. a module for citizen-voters’ education Second Draft of Revised Citizen-Voters’ Education Module (November 2009) The Filipino Citizen-voters education covers political and electoral system, human rights, and governance that serve to contribute the efforts at affecting matured and informed political attitudes and decisions of Filipino citizen-voters. PRESENTATION Suffrage  The human right to vote that is embodied in three instruments: a. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) b. the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; and c. 1987 Philippine Constitution. The Philippines is governed by these three documents which similarly mandate: a. universality of the right b. equality in access to public service; and c. Secrecy of votes. Article 21 (1-3) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (December 10, 1948) 1. Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives. 2. Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country. 3. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of the government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. Art.25 (a-c) of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, (March 1976) Every citizen shall have the right and the opportunity, without any of the distinctions mentioned in article 2 and without unreasonable restrictions: (a) To take part in the conduct of public affairs, directly or through freely chosen representatives; (b) To vote and to be elected at genuine periodic elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret ballot, guaranteeing the free expression of the will of the electors; (c) To have access, on general terms of equality, to public service in his country. Art. V, Sec. 1-2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution 1. Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law. 2. The Congress shall provide a system for securing the secrecy and sanctity of ballot as well as a system for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos abroad. The congress shall also design a procedure for the disabled and the illiterates to vote without the assistance of other persons. Until then, they shall be allowed to vote under existing laws and such rules as the Commission on elections may promulgate to protect the secrecy of the ballot. The people‟s right to suffrage is the foundation of the electoral process. If people are not allowed to vote freely, then the whole process of elections becomes absurd and superfluous. Suffrage: “The right to vote, or the exercising of that right.” –Andrew Heywood; Politics (Second Edition); p. 432. The right to suffrage, as a human right, is related to the concept of democracy and people‘s sovereignty. Sovereignty is often defined as the principle of absolute and unlimited power. Under the democratic 1987 Constitution, it is the people alone who can exercise sovereignty. They can therefore make decisions that are binding on all individual citizens, groups and institutions-including the selection of leaders who will run the government. Art. II, Sec. 1 of The 1987 Philippine Constitution: “The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them.” Qualifications and Disqualifications of a Voter All citizens of the Philippines, eighteen years of age or over, and residents of the Philippines for one year and for at least six months in the city or municipality wherein he/she proposes to vote immediately preceding the election are qualified to vote. The following shall be disqualified from voting: a. Any person who has been sentenced by final judgment to suffer imprisonment for not less than one year. However, he/ she may reacquire the right to vote upon expiration of five years after service of sentence. b. Any person who has been adjudged by final judgment by competent court or tribunal of having committed any crime involving disloyalty to the duly constituted government such as rebellion, sedition, violation of the anti- subversion and firearms laws, or any crime against national security, unless restored to his/her full civil and political rights in accordance with law: Provided, That he/she shall regain his right to vote automatically upon expiration of five years after service of sentence. c. Insane or incompetent persons as declared by competent authority. In addition, RA 9189 or the Overseas Absentee Voting Law entitles all Filipino citizens overseas, not otherwise disqualified by law, and immigrants and permanent residents with affidavit of intent to resume residence in the Philippines, to vote for elective positions on the national level:  President;  Vice-President;  Senators; and  Party-List Representatives. Elections and Democracy  The Constitution guarantees that we are a sovereign people, from where all government authority derives. Sovereignty or the power to govern is exercised directly through suffrage and direct democracy instruments, and indirectly through officials elected by the people as their public servants. The will of the people, then, is expressed in clean, orderly and honest elections.  Elections are part of the system of representative democracy, complemented by the system of direct democracy.  Direct democracy may take various forms and categorizations of direct people‘s participation in governance. Among these are plebiscites, referenda, people‘s initiatives, recall, and barangay assemblies.  Studies have indicated that people enjoy a higher degree of freedom if direct democracy mechanisms are put in place.  The representative democratic structure, in which the people govern through elected representatives, is based on the principle of ―consent of the governed‖. Thus, the government officials chosen and elected by the people become servants and not masters of the people from whom and for whom these officials exercise their power and authority.  The citizen voters in a representative democracy are entitled to free and informed choices for whom to vote and the choices must be dictated by the genuine welfare of the majority. Every individual political choice and decision made by the citizen voters will determine the kind of government that will serve them. Specific Mechanisms  Since the enactment of the 1987 Constitution, elections for President and Vice-president are held every six years, while elections for Senators and members of the House of Representatives and local government officials occur every three years.  At the local level, barangay elections and Sangguniang Kabataan elections are also held periodically.  From 1993 onwards elections for the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) were held. The 1996 and the 2008 ARMM elections also served as a pilot-test for the automated system of elections. Aside from voting in elections, our Constitution mandates other mechanisms to advance democratization and citizen‘s participation in governance.  The system of initiative and referendum gives the people power to directly enact, propose and reject laws both at the local and national levels.  Also through initiative, the people may directly propose amendments to the Constitution by a petition of at least 12% of the total number of registered voters, in which 3% of registered voters in each legislative district is represented.  Through plebiscites or referenda, the people approve or reject the call for a constitutional convention to propose changes to the Constitution, approve or reject proposed changes in the Constitution and, at both the local and national levels, express their will with respect to certain issues.  The role of non-government organizations in governance is recognized.  The party-list system of representation allows for marginalized and underrepresented sectors to be represented in the national legislature. The system serves as an attempt to depart from the personalistic character of the political and electoral system by giving focus to the party and its issue-based platform.  The Constitution and the 1991 Local Government Code (LGC) mandate sectoral representation in the legislative bodies of local governments.  People participation is also provided for by the Local Government Code through representation in consultative bodies such as the local health boards, local school boards, local peace and order councils and local development councils at all local levels.  There is also the LGC-mandated barangay assembly (peoples‟ assembly or meeting of all over-15-year-old-residents of the barangay). The assembly has the power to hear and pass upon the report of the Sangguniang Barangay‘s (SB) performance. It can also recommend measures for legislation by the SB.  The Barangay Assembly is one manifestation of people‘s power and a (truly) direct and participatory democratic exercise.  The latest development in upholding the right of suffrage is Republic Act 9189, which provides for a system of absentee voting for qualified Filipinos abroad. Election Process in 2010 and Beyond This section will guide the citizen-voter not only in the exercise of right to vote but also in monitoring the electoral process, in an automated election system (AES). Modernization and automation of the electoral process dates back to the 1992 COMELEC‘s Modernization and Excellence Project or Operation MODEX, which includes development in eight (8) components: legal framework; registration; election process; education campaign; information technology system; facilities; institutional structure; and, personnel. Election modernization and automation generally aims to speed up the election process and come up with results; and reduce the risk for human error or fraud. Republic Act 9369, enacted in 2007, amended Republic Act 8436 or the Election Automation Law, which mandated the use of an automated election system (AES) in the country. This system will comprise the use of appropriate technology for registration, voting, counting of votes, and canvassing/transmittal of election results. Previous attempts at modernization in terms of automating the election process include: 1. A pilot test of Optical Mark Reader (OMR) technology in the 1996 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) Elections; 2. The partial automation using OMR technology in the ARMM provinces during the 1998 national and local Elections; 3. The halted nationwide implementation of a centralized automated counting system for the 2004 elections; 4. The pilot test of a fully automated election system in the 2008 ARMM Elections. In the 2010 national and local elections, the citizen-voter takes part in the country‘s first nationwide fully Automated Election System (AES) – from shading marks in the official ballot, counting of votes to transmission and canvassing of election results. Pre-Election Phase Registration Preliminary to the voting exercise is the registration of voters. The registration process is guided by RA 8189 or the Continuing Voters‘ Registration Act of 1996 and by COMELEC Resolution No. 8514 rules and regulations on the Continuing Registration of Voters. During the registration process, qualified applicant will have to appear personally at the local COMELEC office. The applicant's identity and residence will be verified thru presentation of a valid ID with photograph and signature. The applicant's status of registration will also be verified. After a successful verification, the applicant shall receive and fill out an application form in 3 copies. The applicant's biometrics will then be digitally captured, i.e., digital images of a voter‘s photograph, fingerprints, and signature will be taken using COMELEC's Data Capture Machine (DCM). An Acknowledgment Receipt will be given to the applicant afterwards. The Overseas Absentee Voting (OAV) Law applies the mechanics in RA 8189 of personal registration either with the Election Board of Inspectors in their place of residence before their departure or with the representative of the Commission in the Philippine embassies, consulates and other Foreign Service establishment in their temporary residence overseas. With the implementation of AES, the regular or ―established‖ precincts identified in previous elections will now be grouped into “clustered” precincts, i.e. up to seven (7) established precincts comprise a clustered precinct which will be assigned one (1) Precinct Count Optical Scan (PCOS) machine each. Testing and Sealing of Machine At least three (3) days before Election Day, the public shall accomplish test ballots, which in turn will be manually counted. After which, election returns from the manual count shall be accomplished. The same set of ballots that underwent manual counting shall be fed into the counting machine. Results generated from the manual count shall be compared with the results indicated in the automated count/print-out of the election returns. Once the public is satisfied that the manual count is the same as the automated count, the printout and manually prepared election returns shall be signed-off by the witnesses. The PCOS Machines shall be sealed without any connection to transmission links. The public shall be allowed to secure the polling places where the PCOS machines are installed and shall be opened only on Election Day in the presence of watchers. Election Day On Election Day, the voter proceeds to the polling place to cast his/her vote. The Board of Election Inspectors (BEI) will administer the conduct of elections. The BEI will now include, as member, an information technology-capable person, who is trained or certified by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) to use the AES. All voters – as many as 10 voters at a time – whose name appear on the list of voters, will be allowed to vote. Official candidates, registered political parties and party-list groups, and accredited election observers and monitors are represented in the precincts by watchers. The voting period is from 7:00 am until 6:00 pm. Before voting starts, BEI shows the empty ballot box, turns on/ initializes PCOS machine, and prints Initialization Report or ―Zero Report‖ to show that there is no entry/vote in the machine‘s memory. Casting of Votes The casting of votes shall proceed in the following manner: (illustration)  The voter looks for his/her name in the list of voters posted outside the polling place.  The voter presents an ID to the BEI in assigned clustered precinct.  Upon verifying the voter‘s identity, BEI gives voter a ballot containing the list of candidates for various vacant elective positions.  The voter shades, the entire oval ( ) corresponding tto her/his choice of candidate, using a special marker.  Voter personally feeds the accomplished ballot into the PCOS Machine. The ballot will go straight to a translucent ballot box. The machine will store the data and take a photo of the ballot.  The BEI member marks voter‘s finger with indelible ink. Counting, Canvassing, and Transmittal of Votes After voting ends at 6:00pm, the voter continues to be vigilant in the counting, canvassing, and transmittal and canvassing of votes.  The BEI executes a closing function on the machine to prevent it from accepting additional ballots/votes. The machine automatically starts automated counting of the votes and prints eight (8) copies of the Election Returns (ERs).  The BEI distributes the initially printed ERs. One copy is posted outside the precinct for public viewing.  The BEI attaches transmission cable/modem to the machine.  The BEI performs transmission function which starts transmittal of data to the (a) Municipal Board of Canvassers (MBC); (b) COMELEC central database; and (c) Data server of accredited groups including the Kapisanan ng mga Broadcasters sa Pilipinas (KBP), political parties, and citizens‘ arm thru the machine. After the transmission, BEI performs a function for the machine to print the remaining twenty-two (22) copies of the ERs for other accredited parties.  After collecting the transmitted election returns, the MBC starts its canvassing the results by undergoing the same precinct process: The MBC prints its own Initialization or ―Zero‖ Report; prints eight (8) copies of Municipal Certificate of Canvass (MCOC); attaches transmission cable/modem to the machine; transmits data to the Provincial Board of Canvassers (PBC); and prints the remaining 22 copies of MCOC. The MBC then proclaims the winners.  From the municipal level, the data will be transmitted to the Provincial Board of Canvassers which will print a Zero Report, print eight (8) copies of Provincial COC (PCOC), attach transmission cable/modem, transmit to the National Board of Canvassers (NBC), and print the remaining six (6) PCOC.  The electronically transmitted results will be used as basis for canvassing/consolidation and proclamation of winning candidates for: city/municipal officials; provincial officials; district and party-list representatives; and senators.  Congress will receive electronically transmitted results and will use either the transmitted results or the printed results as basis for the proclamation of the President and Vice-President. The 1987 Philippine Constitution authorized the Congress to promulgate rules for canvassing of results for President and Vice- President  The data from the COMELEC database will appear in the COMELEC Quick Count in real time as unofficial and partial results. V. Powers and Functions of Public Servants The Philippines is a republican and democratic state. The constitution provides the basic right of suffrage, and recognizes the people as the only source from which sovereignty and all government power come from. There are three branches in the Philippine Government namely, the executive, the legislative and the judiciary. Executive power is vested in the President of the Republic. This power covers:  control of all executive departments and all implementing agencies of the government;  appointment of high officials in the government (heads of executive departments/cabinet members, ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, officers of the armed forces);  Seeing to the execution and implementation of laws and policies that the legislative branch has created Local government units also exercise executive functions through the governors of provinces, municipal and city mayors. Legislative power is lodged in the Congress of the Philippines: the Senate and the House of Representatives. Legislative functions include:  Statute making, constitution making, and amending of constitution;  Appropriations/financial function – power of the purse;  Oversight function;  Informational or the power to conduct inquiries in aid of legislation. Legislative functions are carried out at the local level by the different ―sanggunians‖ or local legislative bodies. In the law-making process, the president can either approve or veto a law passed by Congress. It would require 2/3 vote by the legislative body to finally pass a bill into law. At the local level, chief executives can also veto any ordinance on the ground that it is prejudicial to the public. In turn, the sanggunian or the local legislative body can override the veto, also by 2/3 vote of the whole sanggunian. The Judiciary, on the other hand, is tasked to resolve the conflicts that may arise from the interpretation of the laws created by congress and is seen as the ultimate arbiter between the executive and the legislative branches of the government, with the Supreme Court being the highest Court of the land. Members of the Judiciary are appointed by the President. The members of the Judiciary are appointed and are not elected. The Constitution lays down specific criteria on who can become public servants. In the 2010 elections, we will be voting for the 15th president of the Republic of the Philippines. At the same time, a new vice-president shall also be elected together with 12 senators, a number of representatives and our local government officials. The President The President is the head of the executive branch of the government. In order to run for the position, aspirants should be: 1. Natural born citizen of the Philippines; 2. A registered voter; 3. able to read and write; 4. At least forty years of age on the day of the election and; 5. A resident of the Philippines for at least ten years immediately preceding election. The next president after Ms. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo will be tasked to rebuild the democratic institutions which have been damaged through time and were extremely jeopardized amidst the current administration‘s political scandals. The Vice-President In the event that the President is unable to perform his/her duties because of death or permanent disability, or should the president be impeached, the Vice- President shall take over responsibility. The Vice- President shall be elected and can be removed from office in the same manner as that of the President. The Senate and the House of Representatives Where no President and Vice President shall have been chosen or shall have qualified, or where both shall have died or become permanently disabled, the President of the Senate or, in case of his/her inability, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, shall act as President until a President or a Vice President shall have been chosen and qualified. (1987 Philippine Constitution) Those who wish to run for Senate should have the same qualifications as that of the President or Vice-President except that he/she need only be 35 years old and above. Those who intend to run for the lower house should at least be 25 years old and should possess the same qualifications as that of the President, et al. Aside from the general qualifications required of the political candidates, voters must also consider looking into the candidates‘ track records. VI. Voter Behavior and Elections  A 2003 IPER update study on voter behavior suggest the top four factors determining the vote of Filipino electorate: 1. Candidate‘s public servant image; 2. Political machinery; 3. Candidate‘s popularity; and 4. Endorsement of a traditional network and organizations which include the family, the church, the ward leaders, and formal groups and associations.  According to the March 2004 Pulse Asia Survey, the youth do not differ from other age groups in their desired traits for a national leader (top traits were: pro-poor, is knowledgeable and has experience in management of government, trustworthy, can enforce the law equally for influential and ordinary people, prays often to God, godly, sincere, and fights anomalies in government).  In March 2007, Pulse Asia conducted the same survey, with the following results as the most important characteristics that a national leader should possess: hard working, relates well to others, can give hope to most Filipinos, has integrity and a good reputation, produces good results, announces his/her stand on important issues and his/her proposed programs.  Furthermore, it has been reported that about 79% to 90% of registered voters below 55 years old were aware of political ads in 2004 and with a slight increase to 88% to 94% in 2007.  The conduct of elections is made complex by the practices and values, which in turn are reflective of the behavior and attitudes of the electorate and the politicians and of the actual practices before, during and after elections. Further, voter behavior reflects the personalistic and patronage orientation of traditional Filipino politics or ―trapo‖.  Patronage politics thrive in a culture where the government leader becomes a politician who serves as a patron accommodating special favors to dole out money or provide jobs, recommendations and contracts to only a few in exchange for votes in the succeeding elections or support for a political agenda.  A common element of patronage culture is utang na loob. The powers-that-be use this to ensure that their political and economic interests will be served. For instance, a ―powerful‖ politician may invite a candidate to run under his political party and in return, the candidate will feel indebted and eventually feel pressured to support the political agenda of his benefactor (even if he is opposed to said agenda).  For the poor, giving their support to a candidate is seen as an investment so that they can depend on the politician for help, e.g. donations, medicine, school fees. Campaign supporters view their help as a personal favor that the elected official should perceive as utang na loob. In return, they expect the official to accept personal invitations from their organizations, to comply with personal requests for donations, to award them perhaps with a government position upon electoral victory.  In preparation for a coming election, people with plans of running for public office would be seen attending public functions from the barangay (community) to the provincial level. For constituents at the national level, candidates engage themselves in media exposure.  Conversely, voting has always been determined by popularity of the candidate and financial and party machinery, which enhances the popularity of a candidate. Elections now become a high-spending process to the detriment of the candidates who have neither the financial resources nor the machinery, which can provide for posters and airtime in mass media.  Consequently, the electoral system becomes bereft of the real issues affecting the electorate. Venues to seriously discuss programs of action and performances of candidates become less relevant in determining who gets elected to office.  The traditional guns, goons, and gold element of Filipino politics continue to be a real phenomenon in certain districts, provinces, and regions particularly at the local level.  Massive election fraud and violence are employed in order to win elections. Instances of cheating range from use of flying voters, registration of disqualified voters, vote-buying, ballot and ballot box switching, padding of votes through dagdag bawas and other forms, tampering the canvass of votes, etc. Again, these practices become more detrimental to candidates who have neither the financial nor political machinery to guard the integrity of the votes and election results. However, the most powerful safeguard against election fraud is the awareness and vigilance of every voter.  Voters tend to be responsive to audio-visual tools and experiential discussions in voters‘ education forums. Recipients of voter education programs become more socially aware and are able to realize their stake in the electoral process.  There is a general observation by voters‘ education trainers/educators that voters are seemingly more intelligent and critical now, but their motivations remain highly incentive driven (What will be their personal gain in voting for this person? It may not exactly be a monetary value, but as earlier stated, voters tend to go for someone who has the economic power to aid them in whatever means possible). VII. Vision of Good Government, Leaders and Citizen Voter The UN Handbook on the Legal, Technical, and Human Rights Aspect of Elections (1994) defines ―suffrage‖ as more than the right to vote during elections. It identifies ―four essential and interlocking rights: the right to take part in government, the right to vote and be elected, the right to equal access to public office, and the right to self-determination.‖ (Commission on Human Rights 2008) Ideally, an electoral system should never be tainted with fraud, rigging, violence etc. in order to produce a legitimate result. The legitimacy of the next government resides in the honest and free exercise of the peoples‘ right to suffrage and in the Commission on Elections‘ open management of the system. The government, the leaders and the citizen voters are now faced with the challenge of advancing various reforms in the system and in attitudes and perceptions towards a system of wider and genuine participation of the grassroots in politics and governance, and towards citizen‘s political maturity. Government  Advancing democratization and good governance  Making available a meaningful and accessible election process  Maximizing the benefits of democratic mechanisms for the interest and welfare of all sectors of society, particularly the marginalized and underrepresented sectors.  Ensuring that the government agenda and programs of action are genuinely reflective of the peoples‘ agenda.  Advocating new politics and new kinds of leaders that engage the participation of citizen voters in running the affairs of the government Leaders  Capitalizing on the program of action and public service rather than on popularity in winning elections  Promoting the envisioned government and engaging the citizens‘ stake in governance Citizen-Voters  Exercising the right to vote and the duty of guarding the integrity of the vote itself from any fraudulent maneuvering  Using conscience in choosing the right leader  Safeguarding and defending the democratic mechanisms and institutions VIII. Action Points for Citizen-Voters Below are some action points for the citizen-voters in his/her exercise of the right of suffrage. General  Set up voters‘ assistance desks  Link volunteers to existing groups working on different aspects of electoral reform  FAQ‘s on poll automation Pre-Elections Engage in preparatory activities that would enable him/her to exercise the right of suffrage and the right to an informed and free choice.  Register during the period allotted for voter registration  Be informed of the issues, platforms and personalities of the political candidates  Set specific guidelines in choosing government leaders in terms of the candidates‘ social affiliations and interests, competence, lifestyle, performance records.  Conduct/participate in public debates that would inform citizens and gain the commitment of the candidates to integrate foremost the interests and welfare of the citizens in their program of government. This process can be used to remind and hold the elected leaders accountable to the promises made during the campaign. During Elections Exercise vigilance and the right to vote  Vote according to your conscience  Practice vigilance by protecting the integrity of your own vote from any undue influence, volunteering in organizations that work for clean and peaceful elections, watching out for instances of cheating in the elections, and informing the rest of the electorate of such activities. Post-Elections Practice continued vigilance and participate in governance  Be vigilant in the counting and canvassing of votes.  Another arena of participation is open to the citizen voter once the candidates they have voted for assume office.  Participate in local governance through development planning on the barangay level, consultations and public hearings, representation in local special bodies.  Aside from direct exercise of legislative power through the system of initiative and referendum, citizen voter can participate in legislating laws through legislative advocacy, a process of engaging with the legislature and other governmental and social institutions to ensure that the concerns and welfare of the general electorate be articulated in the deliberations of bills and other legislative measures as well as in the final versions of laws.  The citizen voter can also engage in the political and electoral process in other ways such as: a. running for office. b. supporting/campaigning for a political party, candidate or party-list group. c. supporting initiatives of civil society organizations to ensure honest and peaceful elections. d. making views known to the elected representatives. LESSON 2.1 Drug Education General Orientation on RA 9165, Nature of Drugs, Drug Menace, Drug Situation, Controlled Substances, and Other Pertinent Laws PRESENTATION SUBSTANCE ABUSE EDUCATION The Philippines remains to be a country that produces and consumes illegal drugs. Illegal drugs proliferate in the Philippine market because of the huge number of drug dependents who patronize not only one but several types of illegal drugs or otherwise called poly- drug users. Two of the most prevalent and most abuse drugs in the Philippines are methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu and cannabis sativa or marijuana. Based on the data of drug-related arrests in the country, the main drug of choice isshabu at 96.43%, followed by marijuana at 3.36% and other drugs (ecstasy, cocaine, nubain, valium). The emergence of new drugs in the country puts another risk in the lives of Filipinos. As of now, new emerging drugs are identified to have entered the country. These include new psychoactive substances under UNODC watch. In the Philippines, however, there are NPS that are already classified as dangerous drugs in accordance with DDB Regulations such as salvia divinorum, Benzylpiperazine, ketamine, and Alpha-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone or flakka. People who suffered from addiction to illegal drugs more often than not put a strain to their personal and professional life. Aside from health concerns, these people tend to lose their homes, families, friends and jobs. These dependents tend to have financial strains due to their investments in illegal drugs which are very costly. For FY 2017, the price of shabu is Php 5,000 per gram. Marijuana is priced at Php 100 per gram. Cocaine is valued at Php 4,200 per gram, while ecstasy‘s price is at Php 1,500 per tablet. Due to the vast and porous shorelines and the various entry and exit points in the country, the advancers of illegal activities are very resilient and irrepressible to do illicit traffic in and out of the country. In fact, illegal drug trafficking is the most prevalent and pervasive illegal drug activity in the Philippines. This includes the transportation of dangerous drugs and controlled precursors and essential chemicals (CPECs), manufacture, distribution, and use of illegal drugs. In this regard, illegal drug trafficking proves to be a huge market in the country. Drug trafficking organizations are the foundation of illegal drug trade. They usually function as the manufacturer of illegal drugs in and out of the country. This results to drug syndicates, transnational and local, exploiting and utilizing Filipinos, who are easily enticed by the huge amount of money involved, to be drug couriers. Among these organizations are the African Drug Syndicates (ADS), Chinese/Filipino-Chinese Drug Syndicate and the Mexican Sinaloa Drug Syndicate. With the strong pronouncement of the President to address the country‘s drug problem at the community level, there is the continuous monitoring and assessment of drug situation at the barangay level. As of December 2017, out of the total 42,036 barangays in the country, 24,424, or 58.10%, are drug-affected. DEFINITION AND RELATED TERMS  DRUGS Drugs are chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring about physiological, emotional, or behavioral change. ‗Dangerous drugs‘ are those that have high tendency for abuse and dependency, these substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose harm to those who use them.  DRUG ABUSE Drug abuse is the continuous m

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