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# **Citizens of the Philippines** ## **Who are the Citizens of the Philippines?** - Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; - Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines - Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers...

# **Citizens of the Philippines** ## **Who are the Citizens of the Philippines?** - Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; - Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines - Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and - Those who are naturalized in accordance with law ## **What are the duties and obligations of Citizens?** ### **To be Loyal to the Republic:** - This means that we have faith and confidence in the Republic and love and devotion to the country. - We have to be proud being Filipinos, respect our customs, traditions, language and institutions. ### **To Defend the State:** - Considering the fact that our country is our home, it is prime duty to love and defend the state at all costs regardless of our creed, religious beliefs, and wisdom. - Loving one's country can be shown not by words but by deeds. - It should be a continuous flame of love considering the fact that we receive the benefits and protection from the State of which we are a part. In return, it is our primary and honorable duty to defend it against any peril whether from within or from without. ### **To Contribute to the Development and Welfare of the State:** - We can do this in the form of paying our taxes willingly and promptly, by helping maintain peace and order, conserving natural resources, the promotion of social justice by suggesting supportive measures beneficial to the people as a whole, by patronizing local products and trade and by engaging in productive work. ### **To Uphold the Constitution and Obey the Laws:** - It is our prime obligation to uphold the Constitution and obey laws. If the people would disregard them, our country would collapse and we will not have peace and order. ### **To Cooperate with Duly Constituted Authorities:** - In every organization, there is always a leader to manage the affairs of all constituents. If the members will not cooperate, we can never expect to become successful in all undertakings that our government would like to do for the good of its citizens. ### **To Exercise Rights Responsibly and with Due Regard for the Rights of Others:** - No man is an island and we have to live with others. In the exercise of our rights, we have to see to it that we also respect the rights of other people. If we do this, we can expect harmonious relationship among members of the society. ### **To Engage in Gainful Work:** - It is stated in the Bible that if we want to eat, we have to work. It is our obligation as citizens of our country to become productive, by engaging in gainful work so that we can provide the basic needs of our family and ourselves as well. ### **To Register and Vote:** - It is our prime duty as citizens of the Philippines to register and vote. Suffrage is both a privilege and a duty which every qualified citizen must perform. - It is not sufficient to just register and vote, but it is coupled with intellectual judgment during election. We have to consider the different political issues by different candidates, so that, at least, we can choose the right person to manage government affairs. ## **How Can We Become Good Citizens?** We can become good citizens by living in accordance with good citizenship values which can be derived from the preamble of the Philippine Constitutions such as: - Faith in God - Patriotism - Work - Respect for Life - Respect for Law and Government - Truth - Justice - Freedom - Love - Equality - Peace - Promotion of the Common Good - Concern for the Family and Future Generations - Concern for the Environment and Order # **Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution** We the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our prosperity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality and peace, to ordain and promulgate this Constitution. # **The Basic Values of the Filipino people** | OUR BASIC VALUES | WHAT IT MEANS | | ----------- | ----------- | | 1. Unity | We want to be as one people. We cherish oneness: as co-citizens of our country, as members of our family, as co-workers in an institution | | 2. Patriotism | We want the best of our country. We want our country be respected and honored its citizenry and by the whole world | | 3. Faith in Almighty God | We want the best of our country. We want our country be respected and honored its citizenry and by the whole world | | 4. Respect for Life | We want all human life to be preserved, nurtured and safeguarded | | 5. Respect for Law and Government | We want that the rule of law be upheld by all and at all times, that Government be accorded respect and all laws be complied with. | | 6. Truth | We want that we ourselves and others be true; that the truth reign in our land. | | 7. Justice | We want that everyone be given what is due him/her as a human being, and that what governs all relationships is morally and legally upright. | | 8. Freedom | We want that each one of us be able to experience our freedom of will. | | 9. Love | We want that each one of us desire to love and be loved. Love begets love. If love reigns in our hearts, the harmonious relationship of all the people will prevail. | | 10. Equality | We want that each one of us have the opportunity to be fully human, and that no one be victim of prejudices or biases of any kin, and that the interest of one not be sacrificed against his will for the good of another | | 11. Peace | We want to live in a serene and secure community, with a harmonious relationship with our neighbors. A place which tranquil could expect harmony among others and ourselves as well as with the environment. | | 12. Promotion of the Common Good | We want all Filipinos to meet their basic minimum needs and to have opportunities to develop and use our god-given potentials. | | 13. Concern for the Family and Future Generations | We want what is best for our family and for very single member in the present and future generations. | | 14. Concern for the Environment and Order | We want the environment to be preserved and nurtured, and for ourselves and others to be good stewards of the environment. | | 15. Order | We want organizations, system, and predictability in all aspects of our daily lives and our life as a nation. | | 16. Work | Everybody wants to have a job to support the basic needs of his family. | # **Values Formation Through Community Service** Values are said to be worth the importance we connect to different factors in our lives. The word values come from the Latin word *“valere”* which means to measure the worth of something. These are ideas and norms man considers relevant and good. # **A Value** A value has been defined as any object, activity, or frame of mind that a person considers to be very important to his life. Unconsciously, values emerge as a list of priorities in a person's life. However, in most cases, people have different priorities depending on how they look at life and how they interpret survival. That is why it is important to check what the youth values nowadays, because values taken together are called a Value System which exists not only on individuals but to the community as well. By this, students will be of great help to the community where they will be assigned in shaping a positive corporate culture. # **Values are Especially Important to Understanding Human Behavior** Conflicts between them are often based on differences in values. When you seem to be at odds with another person, take a look at how your basic values differ. And when you seem in conflict with the members of the group, examine the group's value system against your own. ## **Value Education** Values education is founded on a sound philosophy of the human person with all its philosophical ramifications and implications. The supreme and overarching value that characterizes education is **HUMAN DIGNITY**. # **The Meaning of Man as a Person** The term person cannot be exclusively attached to human being since not all persons are considered human beings and vice versa. To speak of man as being-with-others is to speak of man as a person which also means that he is unique and has his permanent trademark in the world. Since man is a person, his “being-with” existence means he is never alone in his survival in the world. Man's ["being-with-others"] can be viewed from two standpoints - the general and the specific. Generally, man's ["being-with-others"] as a person is man's fundamental ["being-with"] to both things and man's fellow human person. Specifically, man's ["being-with-others"] as a person is man's irrefutable ["being with"] because in reality, man needs to co-exist with fellow human beings. Man's co-existence with others does not require a learning process or experience because it is inherent in his being as a person. However, the quality of his relationship with others needs a process to make it worthy and lasting. Man establishes a relationship with his fellowman in three levels: I - it, I – he/she, and I- thou. It is in this principle that a person is expected to manifest his Love of God, of Oneself, of Neighbor, and of Country to evidently show his being and living with others. Likewise, a person’s sets of values is not merely dictated by the need to harmoniously live with others but should be governed by the biblical perspective that sets the greatest commandment that stated in Matthew 22: 35-40 which says, “Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul and with all your mind", and, “Love your neighbor as you love yourself". # **The Self** Everybody has an obligation to himself, but there are times that we are facing difficulties in understanding these obligations. One of the reasons is how we understand exactly what “self” is. One way of understanding oneself is to consider it as a personal role that one plays in the general drama of life. In the totality of human account, each person has his own unique role to play because of the presence of individual differences. It is a role that includes various responsibilities that are to be faced, decisions that are to be made, relationships and involvements that are to be lived and work that is to be performed. In understanding our selfhood there are certain moral obligations that arise. If a person has a particular life to live then he has a basic responsibility toward that life. He has the obligation to see that life is “lived” to its fullest. He should play his role as best as he can and not neglect it. # **Where Values Come From** Our personal values are formed in early childhood and are affected strongly by both the values of our parents, the environment, the school, the church and the government. The place and time of the first few years of our lives have a great effect on the formation of our values. # **Core-Related Values** Ideally, values should be consistently present in all the dimensions of human existence. To attain such values is relatively hard but still achievable. Hence, each student is encouraged to make sure that they know the different human dimensions and the values needed to live peacefully and productively. | DIMENSIONS | VALUES | | ----------- | ----------- | | 1. Physical | Health, Physical Fitness, Cleanliness | | 2. Intellectual | Truth, Knowledge, Creative & Critical Thinking, Harmony with Material Universe, Art & Beauty | | 3. Moral | Love, Integrity, Honesty, Self-Worth, Self-Esteem, Personal Discipline| | 4. Spiritual | Spirituality, † Faith in God | | 5. Social Family | Social Responsibility, Mutual Love, Respect, Fidelity, Responsible Parenthood | | 5. Social Society | Concern for Others/Common Good, Freedom/Equality, Social Justice/Respect for Human Rights, Peace/Active Non-Violence, Popular Participation | | 6. Economic | Economic Efficiency & Thrift Conservation of Resources, Work Ethics, Self-Reliance, Productivity, Scientific and Technological Knowledge, Vocational Efficiency, Entrepreneurship | | 7. Political | Nationalism, Common Identity, National Unity, Esteem, Commitment, Civic Consciousness/Pride, Bayanihan/Solidarity, Loyalty to Country | # **The Youth** ## **Characteristics of a Filipino Youth:** - 15 to 30 years old (as stated in Republic Act No. 8044 on Youth in Nation Building Act) - Mentally and physically fit - A dreamer - Has a strong drive to fulfill his dreams and uplift his status in all aspects as well as those around him. The Filipino youth comprise more or less 40% of the total Philippine population. The youth sector is composed of the youth worker, youth farmer, youth student and the youth in the community. ## **Provision in the Constitution** According to the Constitution Article II Section 13, “The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and social well being. I shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism and encourage their involvement in public civic affairs." If this is the case, they should be given a chance to make their importance felt; to be given protection in their physical, spiritual, intellectual and moral states. After the discussion of part 1, the students will be grouped into 5-6 members, and then they will choice a leader. Each member will contribute their ideas regarding their observations of the important roles of youth in the society and to identify the contributions of youth leaders in the country. Each group will be asked to discuss their consensus to the class (Leaders will discuss their output). # **The Art of Leadership** According to Elihu Root (1856 - 1937, U.S. Lawyer and Statesman), there are two entirely different theories according to which individual men climb up on to the world. One theory leads a man to pull down everybody around him in order to seek and get in higher place, that he may go up with them being in order that he may go up with them. ## **The True Essence of Being a Leader** The true man to help him a leader is the one who helps everybody around him in order that he leads a man to help him a leader is the one who helps everybody around him in order. Simple (dictionary) definitions of a leader: - One who shows the way - One who acts as guide - One who influences or controls the actions, opinions, thoughts or actions - One who directs the affairs or opinions ## **Questions to Ponder:** Do you consider yourself a leader? If yes, what made you one? Why should you want to be a leader? What does a leader do in an organization? # **Leadership Defined** Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives enthusiastically. It is a human factor that binds a group together and motivates it towards the attainment of desired objectives. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized group in its efforts towards goal setting and goal achievement. (Rauchmann, 1987). Leadership is the process of inducing a subordinate to behave in a desired manner. (Donnelly, 1981). Leadership is one form of dominance, in which the followers more or less willingly accept direction and control by another person. (Kuhn, 1990). Leadership is the ability that brings to success the potentials in an organization, community and its people. # **Understanding the Basics of Leadership** - **Giving Vision** The leader has a clear idea of what he wants to do – professionally and personally – and the strength to persist in the face of setbacks, even failures. Unless you know where you are going, and why you cannot possibly get there. - **Passion** The underlying passion for the passion of life, combined with a very particular passion for a vocation, a profession, and a course of action. The leader loves what he does and loves doing it. Without hope, we cannot survive; much less progress. The leader who communicates passion gives hope and inspiration to other people. - **Integrity** Know yourself is the key word. The leader never lies to himself, especially about himself, knows his flaws as well as his assets, and deals with them directly. - **Maturity** It is important for a leader to be matured, for the needs to have experienced, and grown through that experience. - **Trust** It is not as much an ingredient of leadership, as it is a product of leadership. It is a quality that cannot be acquired, but it is earned. It is given by co-workers and followers, and without it, the leader cannot function. - **Curiosity and Daring** The leader wonders about everything, wants to learn as much as he can, is willing to take risks, experiment, and try new things. He does not worry about failure, but embraces errors, knowing he will learn from them. - **Leader is Like a Preacher** He has the capacity to convince others, through his eloquence, through his communication skills. He ought to be one who is able to relate well with sincerity. # **Functions of Leadership** 1. **The Leader as an Executive:** The most obvious role of the leader in any group is, he is the top coordinator of the activities of the group. In his executive capacity, the leader does not ordinary carry out the necessary work; he assigns it to other group members. 2. **The Leader as a Planner:** The leader often assumes the role of planner deciding the ways and means by which the group shall achieve its ends. This may involve both the determination of immediate steps and the long-range planning of the future steps to attain goals and objectives. 3. **The Leader as Policy Maker:** One of the most important criticisms of leader's functions is the establishment of group goals and policies. a) From "above" that is dictated by the authorities' super ordinate to the given group. b) From "below" that is dictated by the decision of the group membership as a whole. c) From the leader himself when he has autonomy to make policy decision. 4. **The Leader as Expert:** The leader is often distinguished as a source of readily available information and skills. 5. **The Leader as Controller of Internal Relations:** More than any other member, the leader governs that specific details of group structure and by so doing he may function as the controller of the in-group relations. 6. **The Leader as Surveyor of Rewards and Punishment:** Particularly significant from a member’s point of view is the leader’s power to apply reward and punishment, which enables him to exercise control over the group members. Sometimes the rewards and punishment are concerned with relatively external things, e.g., when a gang divides stolen loot or when a worker is given an unpleasant task his foreman. 7. **The Leader as Arbitrator and Mediator:** It is his task to act as both judge and conciliator. It is within the power of the leader to reduce or to encourage factionalism within the group, depending upon what personal aims he seeks to achieve. 8. **The Leader as an Exemplar:** In some kinds of groups, the leader may serve as a model of behavior for the group members thus providing them with a concrete indication of what they should be and do. 9. **The Leader as a Symbol of the Group:** Group unity is likely to be exchanged by any factor that makes the groups distinct entity. 10. **The Leader as a Substitute for Individual Responsibility:** Not common in certain types of groups, the leader plays an extremely important role for the individual member in relieving him of responsibility for personal decisions and acts that he wishes to avoid. 11. **The Leader as Ideologist:** It is the leader to furnish the ideology; he serves as the source of beliefs, value and norms of the individual members. 12. **The Leader as the Father Figure:** The leader serves as the perfect focus for the positive emotional feelings of the individual. He is the ideal object for identification for transference and for feeling of sub-missioners. # **Principles of Leadership** A LEADER.... - Does not create fear among his followers, but create enthusiasm. - Does not only have goals; but also has a vision, a dream. - Does not only know how to discipline others but also knows to discipline him/her. - Does not only hear, but delegates work among his followers, but also empowers them and makes them fruitful. - Does not only decide on what is right, but discerns what is right. - Does not only provide an open atmosphere, but also creates open mind. - Is not only keen on winning, but also sees failures as opportunities for success. # **Guidepost for Effective Leadership** - Be flexible - Be consistent in setting policies. - Strive for a good match between leaders and tasks of situations. - Choose the most appropriate strategy for making decisions. - Always remember: subordinates expect you to help. # **Guidelines for Effective Leadership** 1. **The leader's awareness of self.** | BOSS | LEADER | | ----------- | ----------- | | drives subordinates | coaches subordinates | | depends upon authority | depends upon goodwill | | says "I" | says "WE" | | fixes the blame on breakdown | fixes the breakdown | | knows how job is done | shows how a job is done | | says "GO" | says "LET'S GO” | 2. **Understanding the group's characteristics** i.e. skills, maturity, expectations, norms, size and cohesiveness 3. **Understanding individual characteristics** i.e. recognizing differences of opinions, background, etc. 4. **Flexible of approach** i.e. the ability to use one style of leadership to other 5. **Understanding motivation** i.e. what drives one to move 6. **A sense of mission** i.e. the belief to lead, the love to work, devotion to people/organization, etc 7. **High character** i.e. honest, courageous, sincere, dependable, etc. 8. **Job competence** i.e. the leader should know what he/she is doing 9. **Good Judgment** i.e. the ability to recognize which is important and which is not 10. **Energy** i.e. to always have the zest to do a task expected of him at all times # **Skills of a Leader** 1. **Working with people** i.e. listen, help, encourage, motivates, etc. 2. **Defining issues/priorities** i.e. recognizes the needs of the organization/members, the real objectives and knows to do at all times 3. **Handling of meetings** i.e. setting of agenda, dealing with problems, encouraging participants, etc 4. **Organizing** i.e. remember that organizational structure positions are created in every organization so that the flow of organizational communication becomes systematic. But one should not be bossy. Decision should come from down lines. 5. **Financial Skills** i.e. remember that finance/money is the lifeblood of an organization. The leader has the responsibility of taking care of it and translating it to service-better and efficient service. 6. **Communication skills** 7. **Training people** 8. **Political skills** i.e. knowing how to deal with people from all walks of life 9. **Public speaking** 10. **Supervision skills** i.e. being guided by the by-laws; knowing how to get the best out of staff/members # **Additional Things to Remember** - A good leader should have a BASE - group of people who sees the individual as their leader (how can you lead if you don't have people to lead upon) - Power can be bad, it can be good. A good leader should know how to define good objectives. - There are myriads of things one can talk about on how to be a good leader, how to be an effective leader, how to manage an organization well, etc., but the best way to learn leadership skills is through experiencing it. - The final test of a leader is that he leaves behind him in other men the conviction and the will to carry on. # **What is Team Building?** - One could say that team building is like coaching but for a group. - To be effective, people need to work together toward a common goal in a coordinated and cooperative way. Therefore one could also say that team building is a systematic process designed to improve working relationships and team functioning such as problem solving, decision making and conflict resolution that enables the group to overcome any goal blocking barrier. For many this result orientated mission is the real purpose for team building. A team building goal therefore could be simply to identify and develop effective communications. - The term team building generally refers to the selection, development, and collective motivation of result-oriented teams. Team building is pursued via a variety of practices, such as group self-assessment and group-dynamic games, and generally sits within the theory and practice of organizational development. # **Why is Team Building Important?** We don’t do team building simply because it creates harmonious work groups but primarily because it formalizes the power of collaboration among what otherwise might be disenfranchised individuals. For many team building is a way to blend talents, skills and inherent creativity of diverse people. With collaboration at its heart team building leverages team skills, time and resources for their benefit and that of the organization. The consequence is that effective team building produces better, faster results and provides a satisfying and motivating experience for team members. Some reasons why team building is so important are: 1. most organizations are so complex and with de-layering there has to be team building for them to succeed 2. everyone needs to be working towards common goals (that team building will generate and nurture) which need to be attainable and clearly communicated 3. team building environments will outperform none team based environments Let us consider further why team building is so important - team building will make favorable impact in six key areas: 1. **Task Achievement** - teams are not designed for dealing with simple, repetitive tasks, as individuals will generally be quicker. However, team building comes into its own when faced with complex tasks, and associated problems, where probably there is no single, correct answer. 2. **Quality of Decisions** - team building can generate more ideas than any one individual therefore, it has the choice of many possibilities before it and the ultimate quality of the decision is likely to be better than an individual's decision. 3. **Accuracy of Decisions** - judgments are far better through team building than through individual assessment of tasks that involve random error because team deliberation tends to purge ill-conceived notions and weak individual thinking. 4. **Risk taking** - it has been shown that team building creates confidence to take greater, but measured, risks (and seize opportunities) than individuals would. 5. **Motivation** team building enhances morale and spurs individuals on to perform effectively at a higher level. 6. **Speed of learning** team building creates a progressive, but nurturing, environment enabling team members to learn faster than individuals working alone. Team building is important because it helps the group to capitalize on their strengths and minimize their weaknesses. The synergy that comes from team building can be very powerful. # **Team Building Goals** For many organizations team building has become an integral part of their organizational strategy. Their specific team building goals are to provide team members with: 1. Clarification of mission and vision 2. Establishment of team members roles and responsibilities 3. Faster start up for new teams or teams with new leaders 4. Mechanisms for resolving conflict and elimination of dysfunctional behavior 5. An appreciation of differences in work styles and preferences # **Team Building Roles** For the team building to work, the roles and duties contained within team working structures have to be determined. Teams could, for example, be: - A small group (typically 5 to 15 employees) which "owns" a distinct part of the process and whose members are flexible within the group - Aware of its customer's needs (both internal and external) - The instrument for maintaining quality levels - Responsible for its own housekeeping - Left alone to undertake routine maintenance of plant and equipment - Empowered to work out how its objectives fit in with the company's mission - Tasked with making decisions on issues affecting the group - Trained in problem solving techniques - Responsible for safety issues - Part of the selection process - Self-determining on manning assignments and covering absent members - Involved in layout of plant and equipment - Continually striving to improve the product, service and delivery process # **What is the Team Building Process?** Everyone at work whether they are an operator or the Managing Director have worked with others in a team. Therefore all can express views on what constitutes an effective team building process. However, making team building succeed is often not as simple as it sounds. Problems with team building tend to be caused by team members who do not know very much about the team building process. The task of team building is first to establish what the team was established to achieve. The team building process therefore must consists of all the things which go to make up how the team goes about achieving the task, and what influences it whilst doing so. There are many aspects to this team building thinking and here are a few: - **The team building structure** - if there is a large number of a team member, it is often difficult to get a reasonably fair discussion going. If there are too few, there may be a series of silences. If some of the team members are of a higher status in the organization than others, then this could be inhibiting discussion and therefore arrest the team building process. If there is insufficient expert knowledge in the team then opinions rather than facts will be offered which can often lead to arguments and therefore destroy the team building process. - **The nature of the individuals** - Differences in personality and mood often show up during team building - some people can't seem to stop talking whilst others keep quiet, and others try to act as umpires or referees. All team building discussions need to be controlled by the individuals and by a chairperson. - **The environment of the team meeting** - The size of the meeting areas, its shape, heating, ventilation, lighting, seating, acoustics and decorations can all affect the efficiency of team meetings and therefore the team building process. - **The way decisions are made** - For team building behavior to take place, in a team meeting trying to reach a decision, then the communication process must cultivate listening and foster fairness if commitment and consensus and with it team building is to be realized. A key to team building is that of creating a shared vision but that takes time and requires the full participation of all. If team members do not have a personal vision or lack confidence to it then team building will become difficult if not untenable. # **Selection for Effective Team Building** To make team building effective, team member selection is clearly very important. All too often team building is dismissed as the assembly of a group of individuals, calling them a team and telling them to get on with it. (This may explain why so many have difficulty getting the team building process to deliver the potential organizational benefits). The essence of effective team building is that - the members of the team work well together either as a group from the outset or initially simply compliments each other as individuals. In which case, the team building process will progress smoothly. The potential compatibility of any particular individual with the rest of the team is therefore critically important for team building to succeed. Individuals need to understand and learn the skills that make effective team building possible. Most people know how to work independently or to give up uniqueness to aid team building, but to maintain some individuality during the team building process and subsequently during team working is an evolutionary step to take. Team members need to understand that team building succeeds with diversity and creativity. # **Characteristics of an Effective Team:** 1. **Mutual trust** - it takes a long time to build and can be destroyed quickly. It is established in a team when every member feels free to express his opinion, says how he feels about issues and asks questions, which may concern retaliation ridicule, or negative consequences. 2. **Mutual support** - it results from group members having genuine concern for each other’s welfare, growth and personal success. If mutual support is established in a team, a member need not waste time and energy protecting himself or his function from anyone else. All we give and receive help to and from each other in accomplishing whatever goal the team is working on. 3. **Genuine communication** - it has 2 dimensions: (1) the quality and openness and authenticity of the member who is speaking; (2) the quality of non - evaluative listening by other members Open authenticity communication takes place when mutual trust and support are so well established that no member feels he has to be guarded or cautions about what he says; Non-evaluative listening simply means listening to what the other person is trying to communicate, with bias – filters removed. 4. **Accepting conflicts as normal and working them through** - individuals differ uniquely from one another and will not agree on many things. A good leader accepts conflicts as normal, natural and as asset, since it is from conflict that most growth and innovation are derived. 5. **Mutual respect for individual differences** - there are decisions which, in goal – oriented team, must be team decisions because they require the commitment of most or all the resources of the team and cannot be implemented without this commitment. A good team delegates within itself. # **Community Centers and Associations** Community centers and associations have played a significant part in the life of many local communities and networks. The new social centers are not limited to recreational activities, and most important because ‘socialized schools', could act as magnets attracting, citizens whose segregation into class and ethnic groups had obscured their common bonds, loyalties, and responsibilities. Like social settlements before them, social centers would harmonize and encourage cooperation among the working class and immigrant elements and at the same time ease some of the difficulty of depressed life. It is believed that people occasionally need a break from their routine activities and therefore providing community and recreational activities would allow them to develop different skills. Basic enjoyment arising from simple barangay “palaro” would encourage youth participation and may promote actions against drugs. Recreational activities are not limited to the youth – hence, elderly activities are also thought of and made possible over time. These would include sport-related activities, educational and even musical sessions. # **Definition of Recreational Activities** - Is a leisure activity, which is done free time - Sometimes referred to as play for the young and diversion for the adults, because they are enjoying the activity Lopez et.al, (1993) defines it, as a worthwhile, socially accepted and socially constructive leisure experience that provides immediate and inherent satisfaction to the individual who voluntarily participates in the activity. ## **Other Definitions** - It is an activity that diverts, amuses or stimulates a person - A diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts, usually pleasantly - An activity that refreshes, renews health and spirit of enjoyment and relaxation # **Values of Recreational Activities ** 1. Engaging in favorable sports could develop good health, muscular strength, power, agility, flexibility, etc. 2. Proper conduct and behavior among participants could also be developed through group activities. 3. Joining ion the leagues, clubs and other smaller organizations could give the out of school youth the opportunity to socialize through group work in the form of play and other extracurricular activities instead of roaming in the streets to create trouble. 4. Organizing competitions in the different enjoyable activities such as sports and games, dancing, and other activities can develop the spirit of sportsmanship and fair play. 5. Leisure time activities could bring happiness to a person. 6. Sportsmanship, teamwork, leadership and honesty could be developed in joining sports. # **Types of Recreational Activities** 1. Physical - aerobics - dancing - group games - minor sports - outing like field trips, picnics, hiking and camping 2. Social - parties, dancing - evening dinner with friends 3. Cultural - arts and crafts - glee club and choral groups - dramatics, concerts and lectures 4. Intellectual - poetry writing - song writing - reading - research and investigations - short story and novel writing - answering crossword puzzles - playing chess - scrabble # **The Right of Suffrage** The human right to vote is embodied in three instruments: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR); the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; and in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. The Philippines is governed by these three documents which similarly mandate universality of the right; equality in access to public service; and secrecy of votes. | Document | Article # | | ----------- | ----------- | | Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Article 21 (1-3) | | International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, (March 1976) | Art.25 (a-c) | | The 1987 Philippine Constitution | Art. V, Sec. 1-2 | # **(December 10, 1948)** | UDHR Article | Description | | ----------- | ----------- | | 1 | Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives