Reviewer in CWTS 1 Midterm Exam PDF

REVIEWER IN CWTS 1 MIDTERM EXAM a. “National Service Training Program “(NSTP) – refers to the program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of i...

REVIEWER IN CWTS 1 MIDTERM EXAM a. “National Service Training Program “(NSTP) – refers to the program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three (3) program components. Its various components are specially designed to enhance the youth’s active contribution to the general welfare. b. “Reserve Officer’s Training Corps” (ROTC) refers to the program component institutionalized under sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act 7077 designed to provide. military training tertiary level students in order to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for national defense preparedness. c. “Literacy Training Service” (LTS) - refers to the program component designed to train students to become teachers of literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of school youth, and other segments of society in need of their service. d. “Civic Welfare Training Service” (CWTS) - refers to the program component of activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for the members of the community or the enhancement of its facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and moral of the citizenry and other welfare services. e. “Program Component” - refers to the service components of the NSTP as defined herein. f. “Clustering” - refers to the grouping of students enrolled in the different school and taking up the same NSTP component into one (1) group under the management and supervision of the designated school. g. “Cross Enrollment” - refers to the system of enrollment where a student is officially enrolled in an academic program of a school but allowed to enroll in the NSTP component of other school. h. “Non-Government Organization” (NGO) - refers to any private organization duly accredited by CHED or recognized by TESDA What is a Constitution? - It is defined as the fundamental law of the State that contains the principles on which the government is founded. What is Citizenship? - Citizenship is defined as the legal status between an individual and the State that entails legal rights and duties Who are the Citizens of the Philippines? Under Article IV, Section 1, of our present Constitution, the following are considered citizens of the Philippines, 1. Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the time of the adoption of this Constitution; 2. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines; 3. Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine Citizenship upon reaching the age of majority; and 4. Those who are naturalized in accordance with law. What are the Duties and Obligations of the Filipino Citizens? 1. To be loyal to the Republic. Our country is our home, the seat of our affections and the source of our happiness and well-being. We have to manifest our love and devotion to our country, and faith and confidence to our government, by respecting our customs, traditions, language, institutions, and to be proud of being a Filipino. 2. To defend the State. Considering the fact that our country is our home and we receive benefits and protection from the State, it is our prime duty and honor to love and defend it at all cost against any threat and peril whether from within or from without. 3. To contribute to the development and welfare of the State. We can contribute to the development and welfare of the Sate by paying our taxes willingly and promptly, by helping maintain peace and order, by conserving our natural resources, by patronizing local products and by engaging in productive work. 4. To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws. Disregard of the law and the Constitution would enhance instability of peace and order situation and would lead to the collapse of our country. It is our prime obligation to uphold the Constitution and obey the laws. 5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities. Respect of authority is a condition needed to regulate the affairs and relationship of the people in a given society. If the citizens do not cooperate with the duly constituted authorities, it will be hard for the government to succeed in its endeavor to attain the common good of the people. What are the Constitutional Role of the Government? 1. Government as the embodiment of our ideals and aspirations. 2. Government as promoter of the common good. 3. Government as conserver and developer of the patrimony of the nation. 4. Government as securer of the blessings of independence and democracy. THE NATIONAL MOTTO - The National Motto of the Philippines is set in law. It is contained in the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines (R.A. 8491). The National Motto shall be “Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa.” REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121 - known as the "Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010". The National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Council (NDRRMC) - a working group of various government, non-government, civil sector and private sector organizations of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines established by Republic Act 10121 of 2010 and the highest government body responsible in advising the President of the country on the status of disaster preparedness program and disaster relief and rehabilitation effort at the national level. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS 1. "Hazard" - a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihood and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage. 2. "Risk" - the combination of the probability of an event and its negative consequences. 3. "Vulnerability" ~ the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. 4. "Disaster" - a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. 5. "Adaptation" - the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. 6. "Disaster Mitigation" - the lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. Mitigation measures encompass engineering techniques and hazard-resistant construction as well as improved environmental policies and public awareness. 7 "Disaster Preparedness" - the knowledge and capacities developed by governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the Impacts of likely, imminent or current hazard events or conditions. Preparedness action is carried out within the context of disaster risk reduction and management and aims to build the capacities needed to efficiently manage all types of emergencies and achieve orderly transitions from response to sustained recovery 8. "Disaster Prevention" - the outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters. It expresses the concept and intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken in advance such as construction of dams or embankments that eliminate flood risks, and seismic engineering designs that ensure the survival and function of a critical building in any likely earthquake. 9. "Disaster Response" - the provision of emergency services and public assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the people affected. Disaster response is predominantly focused on immediate and short-term needs and is sometimes called "disaster relief'. 10. "Disaster Risk" - the potential disaster losses in lives, health status, livelihood, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time period. 11. "Disaster Risk Reduction" - the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events. 12. "Disaster Risk Reduction and Management" - the systematic process of using administrative directives, organizations, and operational skills and capacities to implement strategies, policies and improved coping capacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazards and the possibility of disaster. FIRE SAFETY EDUCATION FIRE - a chemical reaction known as combustion. It may be defined as chemical process accompanied by the evolution of heat or a material oxidizing rapidly that produces a luminous flame. FIRE SAFETY -"It is the condition of being safe from risk or danger of fire" FIRE HAZARD-"Threats to fire safety" A fire hazard may include a situation that increases the likelihood a fire may start or may impede escape in the event a fire occurs and the safeguarding of life and property. FIRE PREVENTION-Refers primarily to measures directed toward avoiding the occurrence of fire. HEAT - Form of energy that raises temperature, measured in degrees to signify its intensity. Methods of Heat Transfer 1. Convection - is the upward movement of heated smoke, gases and air. 2. Radiation - is the movement of heat through space from a warmer object to a cooler object. 3. Conduction - is the transfer of heat through or within an object, like the metal spoon in the cooking pot that’s too hot to pick up even though the handle is sticking out of the pot. Methods of Fire Extinguishing 1. Cooling-removal / reduction of heat element of fire 2. Smothering/Blanketing-removal/reduction of OXYGEN element of fire 3. Starving-removal/reduction of FUEL element of fire 4. Inhibiting-breaking the fire chain reaction or propagation Republic Act No. 9165 - Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 Drug Education - It is the planned provision of information which enables children, youth and adults to develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes to appreciate the benefits of healthy living, promote responsibility towards the use of drugs and relate these to their own actions and those of others, both now and in their future lives. Drug Abuse - It is the overuse of a drug without due regard to accepted medical practices resulting in the individual’s physical, mental, emotional or behavioral impairment. Drug Dependence - A behavior brought about by drug abuse which can either be physical or psychological. Drug - A chemical substance that affects the functions of the body or mind when taken into the body or applied through the skin. Medicine – a drug with curative properties Medicine Misuse - Use of medicine for a purpose that is not consistent with medical guidelines Medicine Abuse - Use of medicine that is not prescribed to “feel high” or to chase a euphoric feeling Substance Use - Use of psychoactive substances including tobacco and alcohol, the illegal drugs of abuse, inhalants and other non-medical use of prescription medicine Narcotics - These are sedatives that relieve pain. In many people, but not all, they produce a euphoric and relaxed feeling. Depressants -These are chemicals that decrease arousal and increase relaxation used by people to reduce anxiety and induce sleep. Stimulants -These are chemicals that produce physiological and psychological arousal, keeping the user awake and marking the world seem to race by. Hallucinogens -These are drugs that produce perceptual distortions, such as when the body or mind feels light. Alcohol -It is a dangerous chemical substance extracted from chemical compound, ethyl and hydrocarbon, which triggers the central nervous system and may damage vital human organs. Nicotine - Most addictive drug that causes more long term health problems than any other drug. National Security Vision - “A free, resilient, peaceful, and prosperous archipelagic and maritime nation, at peace with itself and its neighbors, enabled and protected by reliable defense and public safety systems.” National Security Policy - It was crafted in response to modern-day challenges confronting the nation in a rapidly changing and increasingly uncertain world, set for a timeframe of five years, from 2023-2028 National Security - “A state or condition wherein the people’s welfare, well-being, ways of life; government and its institutions; territorial integrity; sovereignty; and core values are protected and enhanced.” Insurgency - As defined by the United Nations Defense Department, it an organized movement aimed to overthrow a constituted government through use of subversion and armed conflict. Global Terrorism - These are violent acts committed by imported foreign fighters/suicide bombers aligned with ISIS/ISIL which are intended to create fear, and are perpetrated for a religious, political or ideological goal, deliberately targeting or disregarding the safety of non-combatants. National Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity - This National Security Interest ensures the inviolability of our territory, including land, seas, air, space, and cyberspace. Economic Strength and Solidarity - This National Security Interest calls for our country to vigorously pursue policies and programs on inclusive growth, sustainable economic and technological development, and responsible entrepreneurships based on shared prosperity, respect for the dignity of labor, and public interest. Political Stability, Peace, and Public Safety - This National Security Interest calls for our country to deal with violent threats from criminality, armed conflicts, illegal drugs, and terrorism with the full force of the law and in strict observance of civil and human rights, and the international humanitarian law (IHL). Transnational Crimes - These are crimes that have actual or potential threat across national borders and crimes which are intra-state but which offend fundamental values of the international community. Terrorism - This is a crime under Republic Act No. 11479